Aspectos pedagógicos en la Informática Educativa

[ES] La tecnología aplicada a los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje es una realidad en una sociedad que se encamina a una Sociedad del Conocimiento. El diseño de los constructos tecnológicos con aplicación en dichos procesos es el objeto de la Informática Educativa como disciplina. Sin embargo, cuando este diseño se realiza sin los adecuados objetivos pedagógicos, o cuando, de forma más crítica porque puede haber productos tecnológicos de perfil generalista que se usan posteriormente con fines educativos, el uso de una tecnología en un contexto educativo se hace de espaldas a criterios pedagógicos o el diseño instruccional de la acción formativa no integra bien esa tecnología, el fin último, EL APRENDIZAJE, puede quedar seriamente comprometido. Esto tiene una clara implicación en que los avances en Informática Educativa requieren, en la mayor parte de los proyectos, de equipos interdisciplinares donde, a parte de otros roles, los perfiles tecnológicos y pedagógicos estén bien cubiertos. Ejemplo de esta relación sinérgica y simbiótica se da en el Simposio Internacional de Informática Educativa, SIIE, que tras 14 ediciones se ha convertido en uno de los foros que mejor muestra este principio. En este número especial de la revista TESI se han seleccionado seis trabajos presentados en la pasada edición del SIIE, celebrada en Andorra a finales de octubre de 2012, en los que sobresale esta vinculación entre Tecnología y Educación.[EN] Technology applied to teaching & learning processes is a reality in current society that wants to advance to the so called Knowledge Society. Technological artifacts design to be applied in the above mentioned educational processes is the aim of Computers in Education discipline. However, when these design tasks are done without the proper pedagogical goals or when these technological products are used with educative purposes without pedagogical criteria (which is more critical due to there are lots of technological components that were not designed for learning but may be used for) or the instructional design does not involve technology in a suitable way, the final goal, THE LEARNING, may be seriously in risk. This means that Computer in Education advances require, in the most of the projects, interdisciplinary teams composed by technicians and educators, plus other complementary and interesting professional profiles. An example of this synergic and symbiotic relationship is the Computers in Education Symposium, SIIE, that after 14 editions it has become in one of the forums that better represents this principle. This TESI special issue gathers six selected papers presented in the last SIIE edition, held in Andorra at the end of October 2012, which ones enhance this Technology and Education link

SEOM-GEMCAD-TTD clinical guidelines for localized rectal cancer (2021)

The management of localized rectal cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes, reduce morbidity and prevent under or overtreatments. While early stages may obtain benefit of local resections without any additional therapies, locally advanced rectal cancer becomes a challenge defining the better sequential strategy of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The latest results of international phase III studies have positioned the total neoadjuvant therapy as a potential new standard of care in high risk rectal cancers, however, the best schedule is still not well defined

Analytical methodologies based on LC–MS/MS for monitoring selected emerging compounds in liquid and solid phases of the sewage sludge

In this work, two analytical methodologies based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were developed for quantification of emerging pollutants identified in sewage sludge after a previous wide-scope screening. The target list included 13 emerging contaminants (EC): thiabendazole, acesulfame, fenofibric acid, valsartan, irbesartan, salicylic acid, diclofenac, carbamazepine, 4-aminoantipyrine (4- AA), 4-acetyl aminoantipyrine (4-AAA), 4-formyl aminoantipyrine (4-FAA), venlafaxine and benzoylecgonine. The aqueous and solid phases of the sewage sludge were analyzed making use of Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and UltraSonic Extraction (USE) for sample treatment, respectively. The methods were validated at three concentration levels: 0.2, 2 and 20mg L 1 for the aqueous phase, and 50, 500 and 2000mg kg 1 for the solid phase of the sludge. In general, the method was satisfactorily validated, showing good recoveries (70–120%) and precision (RSD < 20%). Regarding the limit of quantification (LOQ), it was below 0.1mg L 1 in the aqueous phase and below 50mg kg 1 in the solid phase for the majority of the analytes. The method applicability was tested by analysis of samples from a wider study on degradation of emerging pollutants in sewage sludge under anaerobic digestion. The key benefits of these methodologies are: SPE and USE are appropriate sample procedures to extract selected emerging contaminants from the aqueous phase of the sewage sludge and the solid residue. LC–MS/MS is highly suitable for determining emerging contaminants in both sludge phases. Up to our knowledge, the main metabolites of dipyrone had not been studied before in sewage sludge. ãFinancial support of Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo II/2014/023,ISIC/2014/016

Behaviour of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge after anaerobic digestion

Nowadays, there is an increasing concern over the presence of contaminants in the aquatic environment, where they can be introduced from wastewater after their incomplete removal in the treatment plants. In this work, degradation of selected emerging pollutants in the aqueous and solid phases of sewage sludge has been investigated after anaerobic digestion using two different digesters: mesophilic and thermophilic. Initially, sludge samples were screened by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) for identification of emerging contaminants in the samples. In a second step, a target quantitative method based on LC coupled to tandem MS was applied for selected pollutants identified in the previous screening. The behaviour of the compounds under anaerobic conditions was studied estimating the degradation efficiency and distribution of compounds between both sludge phases. Irbesartan and benzoylecgonine seemed to be notably degraded in both phases of the sludge. Venlafaxine showed a significant concentration decrease in the aqueous phase in parallel to an increase in the solid phase. The majority of the compounds showed an increase of their concentrations in both phases after the digestion. Concentrations in the solid phase were commonly higher than in the aqueous for most contaminants, indicating that they were preferentially adsorbed onto the solid particles.The authors are very grateful to the Ecophysiology and Biotechnology group (University Jaume I) and to The Institute of Aquaculture “Torre de la Sal” (IATS) (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC) for using their lyophilizer systems. The financial support of Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo II/2014/023, ISIC/2014/016) is also acknowledged

Predicting language learners' grades in the L1, L2, L3 and L4: the effect of some psychological and sociocognitive variables

This study of 89 Flemish high-school students' grades for L1 (Dutch), L2 (French), L3 (English) and L4 (German) investigates the effects of three higher-level personality dimensions (psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism), one lower-level personality dimension (foreign language anxiety) and sociobiographical variables (gender, social class) on the participants' language grades. Analyses of variance revealed no significant effects of the higher-level personality dimensions on grades. Participants with high levels of foreign language anxiety obtained significantly lower grades in the L2 and L3. Gender and social class had no effect. Strong positive correlations between grades in the different languages could point to an underlying sociocognitive dimension. The implications of these findings are discussed