55 research outputs found
Los primeros 1000 días: una oportunidad para reducir la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles
El crecimiento y desarrollo de un individuo está determinado desde la etapa embrionaria por su genética y los factores ambientales con los que interactúa. Los riesgos para la salud infantil y adulta pueden programarse durante las etapas fetal-neonatal y esta programación metabólica precoz puede afectar al desarrollo posterior de enfermedades como la obesidad y otras enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) asociadas. La vida temprana, por la gran plasticidad que la caracteriza, constituye el momento ideal para intervenir y prevenir el riesgo de ENT (ventana de oportunidad). Una nutrición óptima durante los primeros 1000 días, que comprende desde la concepción hasta los dos años, es clave para la salud a lo largo de la vida. El rápido crecimiento y desarrollo del organismo y sus funciones durante el embarazo, la lactancia y el niño de corta edad conlleva requisitos nutricionales específicos en cada una de estas etapas. La microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal desempeña una labor fundamental en la función y el desarrollo del sistema inmune. Las interacciones entre el hospedador y su microbiota intestinal se consideran factores potenciales en la programación temprana de las funciones intestinales, con una evidencia creciente de que las alteraciones de la colonización bacteriana en el neonato se asocian con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad, incluidas las enfermedades alérgicas. La evidencia científica acumulada muestra que los primeros 1000 días son cruciales para alcanzar el mejor desarrollo y salud a largo plazo, y constituyen un periodo estratégico en términos de prevención y salud pública.
Growth and development are determined by genetic and environmental factors since the very early embryonic life. Long-term health risks, as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCD), could be programmed since these early stages. Early life, characterized by plasticity, is the ideal time to intervene and to prevent the risk of suffering a NCD (window of opportunity). Optimal nutrition during the first 1, 000 days, since conception to the end of the second year of life, has a determinant role for long-term health. Pregnancy, infancy and toddler periods have specific nutritional requirements. Intestinal microbiota enhances maturation and functioning of the immune system. The interactions between host and intestinal microbiota are potential factors influencing early programming of the intestinal function. Alterations in intestinal colonization are associated to a higher risk of allergic diseases in childhood. Scientific evidence supports the fact that the first 1,000 days are crucial to achieve a better long-term health and represents a strategic period to intervene under the perspective of prevention and public health
Los primeros 1000 días: una oportunidad para reducir la carga de las enfermedades no transmisibles
El crecimiento y desarrollo de un individuo está determinado desde la etapa embrionaria por su genética y los factores ambientales con los que interactúa. Los riesgos para la salud infantil y adulta pueden programarse durante las etapas fetal-neonatal y esta programación metabólica precoz puede afectar al desarrollo posterior de enfermedades como la obesidad y otras enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) asociadas. La vida temprana, por la gran plasticidad que la caracteriza, constituye el momento ideal para intervenir y prevenir el riesgo de ENT (ventana de oportunidad). Una nutrición óptima durante los primeros 1000 días, que comprende desde la concepción hasta los dos años, es clave para la salud a lo largo de la vida. El rápido crecimiento y desarrollo del organismo y sus funciones durante el embarazo, la lactancia y el niño de corta edad conlleva requisitos nutricionales específicos en cada una de estas etapas. La microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal desempeña una labor fundamental en la función y el desarrollo del sistema inmune. Las interacciones entre el hospedador y su microbiota intestinal se consideran factores potenciales en la programación temprana de las funciones intestinales, con una evidencia creciente de que las alteraciones de la colonización bacteriana en el neonato se asocian con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad, incluidas las enfermedades alérgicas. La evidencia científica acumulada muestra que los primeros 1000 días son cruciales para alcanzar el mejor desarrollo y salud a largo plazo, y constituyen un periodo estratégico en términos de prevención y salud pública.Growth and development are determined by genetic and environmental factors since the very early embryonic life. Long-term health risks, as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCD), could be programmed since these early stages. Early life, characterized by plasticity, is the ideal time to intervene and to prevent the risk of suffering a NCD (window of opportunity). Optimal nutrition during the first 1,000 days, since conception to the end of the second year of life, has a determinant role for long-term health. Pregnancy, infancy and toddler periods have specific nutritional requirements. Intestinal microbiota enhances maturation and functioning of the immune system. The interactions between host and intestinal microbiota are potential factors influencing early programming of the intestinal function. Alterations in intestinal colonization are associated to a higher risk of allergic diseases in childhood. Scientific evidence supports the fact that the first 1,000 days are crucial to achieve a better long-term health and represents a strategic period to intervene under the perspective of prevention and public health
The impact of intrauterine and extrauterine weight gain in premature infants on later body composition
Background:
The impact of intrauterine and extrauterine growth on later insulin resistance and fat mass (FM) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants is not well established. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of intrauterine and early/late extrauterine growth on later insulin resistance and body composition in VLBW infants from 6 months’ corrected age (CA) to 36 months.
Methods:
Prospective measurements of body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) along with other fasting plasma biochemistries were made in 95 VLBW infants at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months’ CA and 36 months’ postnatal age. Mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the effects of age, sex, maturation status, and Δweight SD score on percentage FM (PFM), FM index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and HOMA-IR.
Results:
PFM and FMI were negatively associated with a decrease in weight–SD scores from birth to 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA; P=0.001) and from 36 weeks’ PMA to 6 months’ CA (P=0.003). PFM and FMI were higher in AGA than in small for gestational age (SGA) infants. HOMA-IR was not associated with the Δweight–SD scores in either period.
Conclusions:
Catch-down growth in terms of weight is associated with persistently lower adiposity but not insulin resistance up to 36 months of age
Research priorities in pediatric parenteral nutrition: a consensus and perspective from ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN
We acknowledge all the authors of the ESPGHAN/ESPR/ESPEN/CSPEN pediatric
parenteral nutrition guidelines for their contributions and vote (Christian Braegger,
University Children’s Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Jiri Bronsky, University Hospital
Motol, Prague, Czech Republic; Cristina Campoy, Department of Paediatrics, School of
Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Magnus Domellof, Department of
Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Sweden; Nicholas Embleton, Newcastle
University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Mary Fewtrell, UCL Great Ormond Street
Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Natasa Fidler, University Medical Centre
Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Axel Franz, University Children’s Hospital, Tuebingen,
Germany; Oliver Goulet, University Sordonne-Paris-Cite; Paris-Descartes Medical
School, Paris, France; Corina Hartmann, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel,
Petach Tikva, Israel and Carmel Medical Center, Israel; Susan Hill, Great Ormond Street
Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Child Health,
London, UK; Iva Hojsak, Children’s Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of
Medicine, University of J. J. Strossmayer School of Medicine Osijek, Croatia; Sylvia
Iacobelli, CHU La Reunion, Saint Pierre, France; Frank Jochum, Ev. Waldkrankenhaus
Spandau, Berlin, Germany; Koen Joosten, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric
Surgery, Intensive Care, Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands; Sanja Kolacek, Children’s Hospital, University of Zagreb School of
Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Alexandre Lapillone, Paris-Descartes University, Paris,
France; Szimonetta Lohner, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs,
Hungary; Dieter Mesotten, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Walter Mihatsch, Ulm
University, Ulm, and Helios Hospital, Pforzheim, Germany; Francis Mimouni,
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Wilf Children’s Hospital, the
Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, and the Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;
Christian Molgaard, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of
Copenhagen, and Paediatric Nutrition Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;
Sissel Moltu, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Antonia Nomayo, Ev.
Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Berlin, Germany; John Puntis, The General Infirmary at
Leeds, Leeds, UK; Arieh Riskin, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of
Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Miguel Saenz de Pipaon, Department of
Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital, Red de Salud Materno Infantil y Desarrollo
e SAMID, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Raanan Shamir, Schneider
Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv,
Israel; Peter Szitanyi, General University Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University in Prague, Czech Republic; Merit Tabbers, Emma Children’s Hospital,
Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Chris van den Akker, Emma
Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Hans van
Goudoever, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
Sacha Verbruggen, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Intensive
Care, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Cai Wei,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Weihui Yan, Department of
Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Shanghai, China) and the members of the ESPR Section on Nutrition,
Gastroenterology and Metabolism (Fredrik Ahlsson, Uppsala University Children’s
Hospital and Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University,
Uppsala, Sweden; Sertac Arslanoglu, Division of Neonatology, Department of
Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey; Wolfgang Bernhard,
Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-
University, Tübingen, Germany; Janet Berrington, Newcastle Neonatal Service,
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK;
Signe Bruun, Hans Christian Andersen Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Odense
University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Christoph Fusch, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical School, General Hospital of Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany;
Shalabh Garg, South Tees Hospitals, Middlesborough, UK; Maria Gianni, Department
of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Ann
Hellstrom, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Claus Klingenberg, Department of
Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø,
Norway; Helen Mactier, Neonatal Unit, Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow,
UK; Neena Modi, Section of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Chelsea and
Westminster Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK; Niels Rochow, Division
of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada; Paola Rogerro, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health,
University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Umberto Simeoni, Division of Pediatrics, CHUV &
University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Atul Singhal, Paediatric Nutrition, UCL
Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.; Ulrich Thome,
Department of Neonatology, Universitatsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Anne
Twomey, Department of Neonatology, The National Maternity Hospital, Dublin,
Ireland; Mireille Vanpee, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Gitte
Zachariassen, Hans Christian Andersen Hospital for Children and Adolescents,
Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark) for their vote.Parenteral nutrition is used to treat children that cannot be fully fed by the enteral route. While the revised ESPGHAN/
ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN pediatric parenteral nutrition guidelines provide clear guidance on the use of parenteral nutrition in neonates,
infants, and children based on current available evidence, they have helped to crystallize areas where research is lacking or more
studies are needed in order to refine recommendations. This paper collates and discusses the research gaps identified by the
authors of each section of the guidelines and considers each nutrient or group of nutrients in turn, together with aspects around
delivery and organization. The 99 research priorities identified were then ranked in order of importance by clinicians and
researchers working in the field using a survey methodology. The highest ranked priority was the need to understand the
relationship between total energy intake, rapid catch-up growth, later metabolic function, and neurocognitive outcomes. Research
into the optimal intakes of macronutrients needed in order to achieve optimal outcomes also featured prominently. Identifying
research priorities in PN should enable research to be focussed on addressing key issues. Multicentre trials, better definition of
exposure and outcome variables, and long-term metabolic and developmental follow-up will be key to achieving this
Research priorities in pediatric parenteral nutrition: a consensus and perspective from ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN
Parenteral nutrition is used to treat children that cannot be fully fed by the enteral route. While the revised ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN pediatric parenteral nutrition guidelines provide clear guidance on the use of parenteral nutrition in neonates, infants, and children based on current available evidence, they have helped to crystallize areas where research is lacking or more studies are needed in order to refine recommendations. This paper collates and discusses the research gaps identified by the authors of each section of the guidelines and considers each nutrient or group of nutrients in turn, together with aspects around delivery and organization. The 99 research priorities identified were then ranked in order of importance by clinicians and researchers working in the field using a survey methodology. The highest ranked priority was the need to understand the relationship between total energy intake, rapid catch-up growth, later metabolic function, and neurocognitive outcomes. Research into the optimal intakes of macronutrients needed in order to achieve optimal outcomes also featured prominently. Identifying research priorities in PN should enable research to be focussed on addressing key issues. Multicentre trials, better definition of exposure and outcome variables, and long-term metabolic and developmental follow-up will be key to achieving this. Impact: The recent ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines for pediatric parenteral nutrition provided updated guidance for providing parenteral nutrition to infants and children, including recommendations for practice.However, in several areas there was a lack of evidence to guide practice, or research questions that remained unanswered. This paper summarizes the key priorities for research in pediatric parenteral nutrition, and ranks them in order of importance according to expert opinion
Bone Mineralization and Calcium Phosphorus Metabolism
The accretion of adequate mineral content is essential for normal bone mineralization [...]
Methylation changes and pathways affected in preterm birth: a role for SLC6A3 in neurodevelopment
AIM: To analyze whether preterm newborns show differences in methylation patterns in comparison to full-term newborns in white blood cells.
PATIENTS & METHODS: Anthropometrical, biochemical features and methylation levels of preterm newborns (n = 24) and full-term newborns (n = 22) recruited in La Paz University Hospital (Spain) were assessed at 12 months of gestational age, whereas Bayley Scale of Infant Development was evaluated at 24/36 months.
RESULTS: From all the statistically significant CpGs, methylation levels of cg00997378 (SLC6A3 gene) showed the highest differences (p < 0.0001), being associated with prematurity risk factors.
CONCLUSION: SLC6A3 methylation, previously related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, neuronal function and behavior, might be a potential epigenetic biomarker with value in the early diagnosis and management of neurodevelopmental diseases in newborns
9‐Cobalt(II)-Containing 27-Tungsto-3-germanate(IV): Synthesis, Structure, Computational Modeling, and Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysis
The 9-cobalt(II)-containing trimeric, cyclic polyanion [Co9(OH)3(H2O)6(PO4)2(B-α-GeW9O34)3]21− (1) was synthesized in an aqueous phosphate solution at pH 8 and
isolated as a hydrated mixed sodium−cesium salt. Polyanion 1
was structurally and compositionally characterized in the solid
state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric and
elemental analyses. The magnetic and electrochemical proper-
ties of 1 were also studied and compared with those of its
phosphorus analogue, [Co9(OH)3(H2O)6(HPO4)2(B-α-
PW9O34)3]16− (Co9-P). The electrochemical water oxidation
activity of the cesium salt of 1 under heterogeneous conditions
was also studied and shown to be superior to that of Co9-P. The experimental results were supported by computational studies
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