EXPLORING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN NIGERIA FOR DEVELOPMENTAL GROWTH

Tourism has become a major source of economic diversification for many countries, underpinning the service sector and forging effective backward and forward linkages with the rest of the economy, allowing new employment and income earning opportunities. Although, the developed countries account for a higher proportion of global tourism, many developing countries are beginning to take advantage of the huge opportunities offered by tourism. However, only developing countries with effective natural and man-made tourism supporting and enhancing infrastructure have been able to develop their tourism sector and seize the attendant advantages. The need for economic diversification in most developing countries is overwhelming because of their defining mono-cultural economic characteristics where only one or two commodities dominate exports and provides the bulk of foreign exchange from which these countries could reconcile their internal and external balances. Nigeria is one such country seeking to diversify its economy away from crude oil production to maximize employment and income generating opportunities. Nigeria has huge tourism potentials, especially given its natural and diversified landscapes but lacks effective and tourism supporting and enhancing infrastructure. While tourism affords huge employment and income generating opportunities, its impact on bio-physical environment is well acknowledged hence the emphasis on sustainable tourism. Indeed, most of Nigeria’s natural landscapes are eco-sensitive areas and exploring them as tourist destinations must be sustainably conducted to enhance the carrying-capacity or regenerative capacity of these landscapes. This paper critically analyses Nigeria’s tourism potentials, focusing on the impacts on the wider economy. By appealing to the qualitative method of research, the paper concludes that the tourism sector has huge potentials yet unexplored, which if fully supported, can contribute significantly to the economic diversification and poverty alleviation efforts of the government

(Z)-2-Phenyl-3-pivaloyl-1,1-dipropyl­guanidine

In the title compound, C18H29N3O, a polysubstituted guanidine, the torsion angles indicate that the guanidine unit and the carbonyl group are almost perpendicular to one another [O—C—N—C= −7.40 (18), C—N—C—N= −97.21 (15) and 86.41 (13)°]. The crystal packing is stablized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into a chain

2-Benzoyl-1-(2,4-dichloro­phen­yl)-3-phenyl­guanidine

In the title compound, C20H15Cl2N3O, a typical polysubstituted guanidine with normal geometric parameters, the torsion angles [C—N—C—O = 3.8 (2), N—C—N—C = −6.1 (2)°] indicate that the guanidine and carbonyl groups are almost coplanar, due to the pseudo-hexa­gonal ring formed by intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers

Arc GIS based Interpretation of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples near Coastal Areas of Badin, Sindh, Pakistan

This study was aimed to assess the severity of heavy metal contamination in eastern coastal area of Pakistan. Agriculture lands near district Badin coastal area found contaminated due to mega surface canal drain network, carrying untreated industrial and municipal effluents along with pumped saline water. Thirty-two random soil samples were collected from different coastal areas. Arc Geographic Information System was used for spatial mapping. Soil samples from coastal areas of Badin contain average concentrations of heavy metals (mg/kg) as Hg 0.247±0.207, Ni 2.622±1.107,Zn 3.121±0.929, Cu 0.059±0.066, Fe 70.447±1.163, Mn7.062±1.251, Co 0.0167±0.033,Cr0.799±0.718

Manual loop in laparoscopic appendectomy: A retrospective cohort study and literature review

Objectives: To determine the incidence of complications [Surgical site infection (SSI), intra-abdominal abscess (IAA), stump leak] related to stump ligation with manual loop of sliding extracorporeal suture knot in laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods: This cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from June 2014 to November 2020 performed by the same surgeon with almost similar technique. Stump was ligated with manual loops, applied by the surgeon or trainee or both (one by surgeon and other by trainee). SSI and IAA were classified according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Results: Total 120 patients were included with median (Interquartile range, IQR) age of 24 (19-35) years and male predominance i.e. 81 (67.5%). Median (IQR) for the duration of symptoms, time from presentation to surgery and duration of surgery was 2(1-4) days, 10 (4-15) hours and 60 (44-70) minutes, respectively. SSI was documented in 9(7.5%) patients, managed by wound hygiene and antibiotics. IAA was observed in one(0.8%) patient who required readmission for antibiotics and radiology guided drain placement. No stump leak was observed.Conclusions: Manual endo-loop is a safe, reliable and cost effective technique for stump ligation in LA, and can safely be incorporated into teaching of surgical trainees

Students' Perceptions About Motivating Factors Related to Teachers' Behavior at Secondary School Level

Motivation plays an important role in students‟ performance since they consider teachers as role models. This study was designed to investigate students‟ perceptions about motivating factors that relate to teachers‟ behavior at secondary school level. The sample comprised 500 secondary school students of 10th class (male=250, female=250) who were selected on convenience basis. The data were collected through a questionnaire which contained 48 items, each at five-point rating scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The instrument was pilot tested and Cronbach Alpha reliability was established at 0.72. Results revealed that teacher-student relationship was considered as highly motivating. Also, there was a significant difference in male and female students' perceptions about teachers‟ personality, classroom environment and learning resources, and collegial support. On the other hand, no significant difference was found in male and female students' perceptions about the nature of teacher-student relationship, teachers‟ professional competence and commitment, reward and punishment.&nbsp

Academic Stress Levels in Annual & Semester System: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study on Students of Physiotherapy in Lahore, Pakistan

Physical Therapy in Pakistan has not yet been considered amongst the reputed professions due to the lack of awareness among the public. This being the very reason of the higher stress among the students studying physiotherapy is kept under consideration in this study. The main purpose of this study was to determine if the students of Annual system endure stress levels higher than those of Semester system. Also the aim was to determine which assessment system was more conducive for an effective learning & to acknowledge the major stressors among the DPT students along with their coping strategies. This study was a Comparative Cross-Sectional Study conducted in duration of 8 months. Data was collected from both male and female students of DPT who had completed 50% of their credit hours of the curriculum. The sample size calculated was found to be 343 (n=343). Exposure assessment included the International Stress Questionnaire which is most commonly used instrument for the evaluation of stress levels among students. The International Stress Questionnaire was administered into a group of 70 students from Public and Private Institutes for validation purpose. Thus 560 questionnaires were distributed among students amongst which only 384 were fully completed and thus included for the statistical analysis. Mean age of the students was found to be 21±1.34 years. Amongst 384 students, 292 were females and 92 were males.190 students were from Annual system i.e. Pass/Fail system and 194 had GPA system as their assessment system. Interpretations were done according to the standard way i.e. a score of 4 or less was supposed to be mild, 5-13 was moderate and 14 or more was severe. Amongst those from Annual system, 17 had mild, 139 had moderate and 34 had severe stress. Amongst 194 students from GPA system, 122 had mild and 72 had moderate stress whereas none of those reported to fall in the category of severe stress. Independent t test was applied to identify if there were significant differences between the two groups and the p value was found to be 0.00 i.e. highly significant. A forum should be developed to register all the students enrolled in Doctor of Physiotherapy every year encompassing all Institutes to prevent the biasness due to non-probability sampling method used to recruit sample

Role of a probiotic (Saccharomyces boulardii) in management and prevention of diarrhoea

AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) in acute watery diarrhoea and its role in reducing the frequency of episodes of diarrhoea in subsequent two months.Methods: Children from 2 mo to 12 years of age, with acute diarrhoea were selected according to inclusion criteria and randomised in S. boulardii group (treated with ORS, nutritional support and S. boulardii, 250 mg bid) and in control group (treated with ORS and nutritional support only). Active treatment phase was 5 d and each child was followed for two months afterwards. Frequency and consistency of stools as well as safety of drug was assessed on every visit. A comparison of two groups was done in terms of number of diarrhoeal episode in subsequent two months.Results: There were fifty patients in each group. Baseline characteristics such as mean age and the average frequency of stools were comparable in S. boulardii and control group at the time of inclusion in the trial. By d 3 it reduced to 2.7 and 4.2 stools per d respectively and by d 6 it reduced to 1.6 (S. boulardii Group) and 3.3 (control group). The duration of diarrhoea was 3.6 d in S. boulardii group whereas it was 4.8 d in control group (P = 0.001). In the following two months, S. boulardii group had a significantly lower frequency of 0.54 episodes as compared to 1.08 episodes in control group. The drug was well accepted and tolerated. There were no reports of the side effects during treatment period.Conclusion: S. boulardii significantly reduces the frequency and duration of acute diarrhoea. The consistency of stool also improves. The drug is well-tolerated