PSEUDO-RC-INJECTIVE MODULES

The main purpose of this work is to introduce and study the concept of pseudo-rc-injective module which is a proper generalization of rc-injective and pseudo-injective modules. Numerous properties and characterizations have been obtained. Some known results on pseudo-injective and rc-injective modules generalized to pseudo-rc-injective. Rationally extending modules and semisimple modules have been characterized in terms of pseud-rc-injective modules. We explain the relationships of pseudo-rc-injective with some notions such as Co-Hopfian , directly finite modules.&nbsp

OPTIMIZING NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVED BREAD BAKING QUALITY

In Kentucky, there is growing interest among farmers to produce high protein and strong gluten wheat that is suitable for bread baking to meet the demand of local artisanal bakers. Soft red winter wheat (SRW) is the most commonly wheat grown in the state and throughout the Southeastern US. Flours produced from SRW are relatively low in grain nitrogen (N) due to the region’s moderate winters and warm humid conditions during grain filling. As such, SRW is used in baking products where lower protein flours are preferred, such as cookies, cakes, pastries and crackers. Unlike SRW, hard red winter wheat (HRW) is known for high protein content and primarily used in bread baking. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effect of N management on bread baking quality and agronomic traits in winter wheat cultivars grown in conventional and organic farming systems. This work was conducted through three field experiments. The first experiment focused on the variable effects of N fertilizer level on various SRW cultivars. Five SRW cultivars were grown using two levels of N input (high and low) in both conventional and organic systems over two years. The second experiment evaluated the effect of split N application on cultivars selected for their agronomic or bread baking quality potential. In this experiment, two cultivars of SRW were grown under three split N application treatments in both organic and conventional systems for two years. The final study evaluated the effect of combined N fertilizer and biofertilizer N on HRW bred for the southeastern US. One HRW cultivar was grown with three levels of fertilizer N input and two biofertilizer application regimes in both conventional and organic systems over two years. In general, the first experiment showed that yields and protein content were greater in wheat grown in the conventional system at the low N rate compared to wheat grown at the high N rate in the same system. Similarly, in the second experiment, yields and protein content were consistently greater than in the organic system. In the third experiment, results were inconsistent between years. Yields were greater in the organic system in the second year, while the protein content was greater in the conventional system in the first year. Biofertilizer application had a negative or neutral effect on grain yield. Future research to improve understanding of N dynamics in organic farming systems, specifically the interaction between soil N levels and plant uptake, is needed to improve bread baking quality in organic systems

RATIONALLY INJECTIVE MODULES

In this work we introduce the concept of rationally injective module, which is a proper generalization of (essentially)-injective modules. Several properties and characterizations have been given. In part of this work, we find sufficient conditions for a direct sum of two rationally extending modules to be rationally extending. Finally we generalize some known results

Lexical Pragmatic Approaches: Relevance Theoretic and Bidirectional Optimality

إن هدف المداخل التداولية المعجمية (مدخل الصلة النظري ومدخل المفاضلة ثنائي الاتجاه) هو توفير تحليل منهجي وتفصيلي لمعاني الكلمات التي تعدل معجميا ضمن السياق الذي ترد فيه، نظرًا لأن المدخلين يتعاملان مع ظاهرة التعديل المعجمي استنادًا إلى نظرية المعنى الضمني، فإن هذه الدراسة تسلط الضوء على الطريقة التي يتناول فيها كلا المدخلين ظاهرة التعديل المعجمي في فهم الأطفال نموذجا موضحا المهمة التي يمكن أن تؤديها العوامل السياقية في هذا الفهم. لذا تهدف الدراسة بشكل أساسي إلى توضيح كيفية تناول المدخلين للتعديل المعجمي، وبعض المشاكل مع كل مدخل، وبيان أسلوب كلا المدخلين في تحليل البيانات المختارة. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الحصول على تحليل منهجي وتفصيلي للكلمات المعدلة معجميا يتطلب الجمع بين المدخلين في نموذج انتقائي واحد.The goal of lexical pragmatic approaches; relevance theoretic and bidirectional, is to give a systematic and explanatory account of word meanings that are adjusted in use. As the two approaches account for this lexical phenomenon based on conversational implicature, the present paper investigates the contribution of the two approaches in lexical word meanings adjustment in children’s interpretation referring to the role contextual factors would play. It basically aims at identifying how these approaches deal with word meanings adjustment, underlying some of the problems with each approach, and show how they are utilized in analyzing the selected data. The study concluded that to obtain a systematic and explanatory account of word meanings adjustment, the two approaches should be combined in one eclectic model

Biofertilizer (EM-1) effect on growth and yield of three bread wheat cultivars

Farmers keep trying to avoid using chemical fertilizer without losing high yield. A field experiment was conducted in the fields of Agriculture College, University of Baghdad during winter seasons of 2015 and 2016 to investigate the response of three bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) cultivars (Ibaa99, Abu-Ghraib3 and Buhooth22) to the frequency of spraying with biofertilizer (EM-1) (one time at tillering stage, twice at tillering and stem elongation stages and three times at tillering, stem elongation and booting stages) in addition to the control (without spraying), to the increase of grain yield. Randomized complete block design (RCBD), in split plots arrangement and four replications, was used. Spraying treatments were placed as main plots and cultivars as subplots. The results showed that Ibaa99 cultivar, three times of EM-1 spraying and their interaction gave the highest averages of grain yield (3.89 and 4.31), (3.85 and 4.36) and (4.11 and 4.58 ton*ha-1), respectively, for both seasons. It can be concluded that yield responded significantly to the frequency of EM-1 spraying during vegetative stages

Fixed bed adsorption study for removing of reactive orange 16 and acid red 114 dyes from aqueous solution using Kenaf

Kenaf fiber has proved its ability to remove dyes from aqueous solutions. This natural material is characterized by its abundant, relatively low cost and eco-friendly. In this study, kenaf core fiber was modified by adding trimethyl-chloro-bilateral-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as a quaternizing agent to the constituent in order to increase its ability to adsorb dyes more efficiently. In fixed bed column model, Adsorption experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of height, initial dye concentration, flow rate, and regeneration. Maximum bed capacity, percentage dye removal and equilibrium dye uptake were determined and breakthrough curves were plotted. It was observed that adsorption was higher at lower flow rate, higher bed depth and lower initial dye concentration for two dyes. Maximum bed capacity of 3.25 g was obtained at a flow rate of 10 ml/min, bed height of 7.5 cm and initial dye concentration of 100 ppm. Data from column studies were fitted to three well established column models, Thomas model, Adams-Bohart model and Yoon-Nelson model. The experimental data were in good agreement with theoretical results. The study revealed the applicability of kenaf in fixed bed column for removal of dyes

Adsorption of anionic dye using cationic surfactant - modified kenaf core fibers

Kenaf is a widely cultivated crop, particularly in the tropics. Kenaf core fiber (KCF) is a natural cellulose fiber derived from the plant and it is an important raw material for a variety of products. An attempt was made to chemically quaternized KCF (QKCF) as an adsorbent to increase adsorption affinity towards anionic reactive red-RB dye (RR). KCF was quaternized by treating with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride under basic condition. The efficiency of QKCF was investigated by adsorption studies for removing anionic RR dye from aqueous solutions. All experiments were conducted at a batch system and influential parameters cover pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, agitation speed, temperature, and contact time were investigated. Studies showed that removal efficiency of RR dye increases with increasing the adsorbent dose, agitation speed, temperature, and contact time. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 169.5 mg/g, and the kinetic data were found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In general, QKCF could be suggested as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for removal anionic dyes

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

MIDDLE EAST CRUDE OIL INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF WEAKENING OLIGOPOLY

Abstract not availabl

Representation of animals in Scarry's children's books: An Eco linguistic analysis

The study of the interactions that occurs  between language and ecology is known as ecolinguistics. It studies whether the narratives produced by language are destructive to all of the components of the environment or whether they are beneficial to those components. This paper is  effort to find out  some bright spots regarding the state of our ecosystem. It focuses on children's books that promote environmental awareness, which in turn encourage the protection of nonhuman creatures and the avoidance of their exploitation. Nonhuman animals are a component of the ecosystem, and the manner in which they are portrayed in language can influence the connection between humans and nonhuman animals. Due to the fact that children's books refer to nonhuman animals as sentient beings, it is essential to examine if the language of these stories articulates their intentions and creates stories that are good for nonhuman species. This paper analyses the stories surrounding nonhuman creatures in four children's books to Richard Scarry .  It also examines how these stories are shaped and determines whether or not they correspond with the ecosophy of thepro-environmental.  &nbsp