PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS HEAVING OF LOCALLY- DISTRIBUTED BREAST CANCER

Improving the efficiency of treatment of locally distributed forms of breast cancer (BC) patients is relevant. The aim of the study: to determine the possibility of increasing the efficiency of treatment of patients with locally distributed BC by supplementing it with the determination of the expression of TOP2 alpha and beta-tubulin III genes in the primary tumor during various chemotherapy regimens. Method. 139 patients with locally distributed BC were examined. Patients received 2-4 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAChT) according to the TC (docetaxel + cyclophosphamide) and TAC (docetaxel + doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide) regimens, subsequent surgical intervention and 2–4 courses of AchT according to the FAC regimen. Immunohistochemical (IHCh) study of the levels of estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone (PR), epidermal growth factor (HER2) in tumors was conducted. The expression of TOP2 alpha and beta-tubulin class III genes was determined using PCR. Statistical data processing was performed using the program Stastistica for Windows 6. 0, Excel. Results. In the third cycle of chemotherapy, patients were transferred from the TC scheme to the TAC scheme. The frequency of the FPR increased 4 times in the group of patients with a triple negative tumor subtype compared with patients with luminal B. A combination of low expression of the class III beta-tubulin gene with high expression of TOP2 alpha in tumor tissue was found in 64.5 % of patients treated according to the TAC + cross over regimen and in 56.3 % of cases according to the TC regimen. A change in the receptor status of MLN after NAChT was detected in some cases. Conclusions. The combination of high expression of TOP2 alpha with low expression of class III beta-tubulins can be considered as a predictive sign of full pathomorphological response when using taxane-containing locally distributed BC. These markers can be recommended for determination in MLN (along with definition of ER, PR, HER2) in order to increase the effectiveness of AchT

Algorithm of optimal technology selection of broadband access network

High speed applications require the access network upgrading based on new optical technologies in “last mile”. At the planning stage of network modernization, special algorithms and techniques allow optimize and automate the designing process of network upgrade based on copper cables. However, these techniques are completely inapplicable if optical technologies are used to the access network modernization. Designed algorithm simplifies the throughput calculation of current access nodes and planning of new access nodes depending on subscriber’s requirementstto the broadband services. Developed program based on proposed algorithm allows to determinate access nodes optimal deployment as well as the required equipment characteristics

Small innovation enterprises: Russian data

Increasing the innovation activity of small enterprises is an urgent problem in Russia and its regions. Innovations include both the production of new or improved products (goods and services) that are significantly different from previously produced products, and the introduction of new or more advanced production processes in enterprises that are significantly different from those that were previously used. The aim of the study was to assess the levels of innovation use based on the specific weight of small innovative enterprises in the total number of small enterprises in the regions of Russia. The study used mathematical modeling of empirical data for all regions and the construction of the corresponding density functions of the normal distribution. The official information of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2015, 2017 and 2019 was considered as the initial empirical data. The study included the study of indicators that characterize the share of small innovative enterprises. The average values of the indicators were determined, as well as the ranges of their changes in the regions of Russia. The conclusions of the study, which contain scientific novelty and originality, are as follows: it is proposed to use economic and mathematical models to evaluate the values of indicators that characterize the innovation activity of small enterprises; it is shown that almost every twentieth small enterprise in Russia showed a certain innovation activity during the period under review; it is shown that the values of the specific weights of small innovative enterprises in the total number of small enterprises were significantly differentiated by region; the regions with the maximum and minimum values of the specific weights of small innovative enterprises are identified. &nbsp

Correctional labor as an alternative to imprisonment in modern problems of punishment assignment

The global practice has shown many times that the primary means of struggling with criminality over the entire history of the civilized society is punishment. The modern legislator is constantly striving to improve its types by following global trends in its regulation, assignment and use. Efficiency of labor influence over the convict makes us pay a special attention to punishments suggesting mandatory labor nurturing. One of such punishments is correctional labor whose relevance of research is caused by the interest of the international society to use measures alternative to imprisonment. Despite the fact that legal systems of some foreign countries envisage and widely use punishments whose various characteristics are similar to domestic correctional labor, the Russian experience of their regulation and use can be useful, due to their specific nature, and interesting to any modern state, because the issue of implementing a rich potential of penology is especially relevant these days. At the same time there are significant issues in assignment of correctional labor, which area caused by imperfect construction of law. Research purpose is to study urgent issues of assigning correctional labor as an alternative to imprisonment in the Russian legal system. Methods: the analysis method allowed for characterization of specific features of assigning criminal punishment in the form of correctional labor and revealing primary problems in this area. The comparative method was used to collate specifics of correctional labor and probation. The prediction method helped defining perspectives to eliminate the identified disadvantages. An alternative mode of correctional labor has been criticized; measures have been offered to improve the legislative regulation of correctional labor within Article 53.1 of the Russian Federation Criminal Code

LACTOFERIN IN THE PROBLEM OF ANTI-INFECTIOUS PROTECTION OF BABIES IN THEIR FIRST YEAR OF LIVING

The author  summarizes  the  results  of research  of the  antibacterial,  antiviral  and  antifungal  properties  of multifunctional  human protein  — lactoferrin,  in order  to determine  the prospects  for its use in the prevention  and  treatment  of infectious  diseases  of children in their first year of life. The mechanisms of anti-infectious effect of this protein with breastfed children have been described. Basic differences between human lactoferrin and cattle lactoferrin have been shown. Biotechnology of obtaining recombinant human lactoferrin from the milk of genetically engineered dairy animals (goat-producers) has been described. According to the studies, both by physical and chemical parameters and biological activity, human lactoferrin, obtained from milk-producing  goats, corresponds to its natural counterpart

БИФИДОГЕННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛОГА ЛАКТОФЕРРИНА ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Background:  Recent research shows that the growth and development of the gastrointestinal  tract of children fed by breast milk is more intense than that of the formula fed, since the human lactoferrin contained in the breast milk is a factor that stimulates cell growth. Therefore, the possibility of using exogenous lactoferrin will be of great importance in the nutrition of infants.Objektive: To study the bifidogenic properties of the biotechnological analogue of human lactoferrin. Methods: Kinetics of growth and CFU titer of bifidobacterial culture in the presence of a biotechnological analogue of human lactoferrin (0,05–5 mg /ml) was determined.Results: It has been shown that different concentrations of the protein can have both a stimulating (for B. bifidum and B. infantis) and inhibitory (for B. longum) effect on the growth of bifidobacteria, which is due to the affinity of lactoferrin binding to them. It seems important to further study the stimulating effect of this protein on the growth of lactobacilli in the intestine of the child.Conclusion:  Due to bifidogenic and high bactericidal action, lactoferrin can be effective in feeding newborns.Обоснование.   Новейшие исследования  показывают,  что  рост  и развитие  желудочно-кишечного  тракта  детей, вскармливаемых  материнским молоком,  происходит  интенсивнее,  чем у вскармливаемых  молочными смесями, поскольку содержащийся в нем лактоферрин человека является фактором, стимулирующим клеточный рост. Именно поэтому возможность  использования экзогенного лактоферрина  будет иметь большую значимость в питании грудных детей.Цель  исследования — изучить бифидогенные  свойства биотехнологического аналога  лактоферрина человека.Методы. Определялась кинетика роста и КОЕ-титр культивирования бифидобактерий в присутствии биотехнологического  аналога лактоферрина человека.Результаты. Показано, что различные концентрации данного белка (0,05–5 мг/мл) могут оказывать как стимулирующее (для Bifidobacterium bifidum и Bifidobacterium infantis), так и ингибирующее (для Bifidobacterium longum) действие в отношении роста бифидобактерий,  что обусловлено аффинностью  связывания с ними лактоферрина. Представляется  важным дальнейшее изучение стимулирующего эффекта  этого белка на рост лактобацилл в кишечнике ребенка.Заключение. Благодаря  бифидогенному и выраженному бактерицидному действию лактоферрин может быть использован в лечебном питании новорожденных

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЛАКТОФЕРРИНА У ДЕТЕЙ ПЕРВОГО ГОДА ЖИЗНИ

The author  summarizes  the  results  of research  of the  antibacterial,  antiviral  and  antifungal  properties  of multifunctional  human protein  — lactoferrin,  in order  to determine  the prospects  for its use in the prevention  and  treatment  of infectious  diseases  of children in their first year of life. The mechanisms of anti-infectious effect of this protein with breastfed children have been described. Basic differences between human lactoferrin and cattle lactoferrin have been shown. Biotechnology of obtaining recombinant human lactoferrin from the milk of genetically engineered dairy animals (goat-producers) has been described. According to the studies, both by physical and chemical parameters and biological activity, human lactoferrin, obtained from milk-producing  goats, corresponds to its natural counterpart.В статье обобщены результаты исследований, посвященных изучению антибактериальных, противовирусных и противогрибковых свойств многофункционального белка человека — лактоферрина, для определения перспектив его применения с целью профилактики и лечения инфекционной патологии у детей первого года жизни. Описаны механизмы противоинфекционного действия этого белка у детей, находящихся на грудном вскармливании. Показаны основные различия между лактоферрином человека и лактоферрином крупного рогатого скота. Описана биотехнология получения рекомбинантного лактоферрина человека из молока генно-инженерных молочных животных (коз-продуцентов). Согласно проведенным исследованиям, как по физико-химическим параметрам, так и по биологической активности лактоферрин  человека, выделенный из молока коз-продуцентов, соответствует его природному аналогу