Role of Father in Child Personality Development: Evidence from Pakistan

A number of studies have established an association between poor role modeling of the parents and children's behavior. The existing study focuses on the father's role in the development of the personality of the children (n = 400) aged 10 to 19 years in 4 urban towns of Faisalabad. The integrated approach was employed for data collection. Results showed that it is not possible to develop quality if there is no time to do it, but no amount of quantity can compensate for poor quality. Chi-square value (20.218) showed a highly significant association (P = 0.000) between the positive role of the father and positive child personality development. Focus group discussions were conducted with numerous respondents. When fathers are included in the lives of their children, particularly their training, children take in more, perform better in school, and show more beneficial conduct

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Family Size

This study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factor responsible for family size in the six most populous country of the world, Pakistan. Family size refers to the number of children acceptable in a particular society and aligned with societal norms. It can vary from society to society. Increase in population has always been a challenge in Pakistan. Moreover, literate people prefer small family size compared to the illiterate people. Major objective of this cross sectional quantitative study was to examine the socio-economic factors affecting the family size. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw out the sample of 384 workers from small industrial estate of Gujranwala and interview schedule was used to collect data. Statistical analysis of data was made by using SPSS. The study concluded that age of husband, education of couple, and their monthly household income were significantly associated with family size. The results also elaborated that family size was small in educated couples particularly among businessmen, government servants and large in illiterate poor families

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Family Size

This study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factor responsible for family size in the six most populous country of the world, Pakistan. Family size refers to the number of children acceptable in a particular society and aligned with societal norms. It can vary from society to society. Increase in population has always been a challenge in Pakistan. Moreover, literate people prefer small family size compared to the illiterate people. Major objective of this cross sectional quantitative study was to examine the socio-economic factors affecting the family size. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw out the sample of 384 workers from small industrial estate of Gujranwala and interview schedule was used to collect data. Statistical analysis of data was made by using SPSS. The study concluded that age of husband, education of couple, and their monthly household income were significantly associated with family size. The results also elaborated that family size was small in educated couples particularly among businessmen, government servants and large in illiterate poor families

The Social Impact of Substance Abuse on Males livelihood in Punjab, Pakistan

Substance abuse is a dependence on a legal or illegal drug or medication. Substance abuse is a worldwide growing problematic situation and one of the major problems affecting male livelihood. During the phase of addiction, a person is unable to control his drug intakes and usually continues to use drugs regardless of the harm it causes. This study was designed to explore the impacts of substance use on male’s livelihood. This study has carried out in two districts of Punjab. A sample of 400 respondents was drawn to explore the study goals using a conducive sampling technique. In order to evaluate the research sample, descriptive (frequency distribution) and inferential (chi-square) statistics were enforced. The research discovered that 38.0 percent of the substance abusers were up to 25 years of age while 40.5 percent of addicts were nuclear family members. Approximately 49.5 % and 48.8 % were unmarried and married respectively. Various factors such as nuclear family structure, bigger family size and low level of education play a significant role in drug abusers’ lives. The study concluded that drug use leads to domestic violence, the alliance between drug use, unemployment and poverty is also clear; drug users’ family members said that 60 percent of consumers who were employed before drugs had afterwards lost their jobs. Furthermore, almost 50 percent of the family members interviewed said that they had been forced by drug consumers to borrow money as a result of drug and almost 70 percent said that they had confronted financial complications as a result of that drug use. It is suggested that peer groups and family behaviors affected the livelihood of substance abusers

Assessing the Academic integrity among University Students in Pakistan

The principal objective of this research was to assess the academic integrity among Pakistani university students. Qualitative data were obtained from 3 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with students from different universities. Mixed Methods Research was applied at the individual and group level and data were analyzed with the help of content analysis. The analysis unveiled four key themes including teacher's behavior in the classroom, teacher’s evaluation method in Examinations, the influence of peer pressure, and the popularity of the memorization method among students. Students' level of satisfaction with teachers’ behavior in the classroom and at the time of assessment of examination remained low and they considered it as the main reason behind their low level of academic integrity. Rote learning, inconsistencies in the examination evaluation method, and the effect of peer pressure were also identified as the central reasons behind their academic misconduct behavior. It is concluded that in the coming few years, academic misconduct is going to become a popular culture in Pakistani universities and it is a dire need to stop this behavior. Suggestions to overcome this problem are to trained students as well as teachers. The teacher's professional and moral training can directly effect on the training and moral values of students. This study was conducted in Pakistan, but the findings can be observed and replicated in higher education systems in many developing nations.&nbsp

Grade Inflation and Human Capital Accumulation among Pakistani University Students

The central objective of current study was exploring the level of school acquired human capital. To understand the human capital and grade inflation, 2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted. To measure school based human capital students were asked to write an essay on a given topic. These essays, FGDs and a brief questionnaire about background constituted the data for this study. This data was analyzed using mixed-methods content analysis. Data analysis generated four important themes related to human capital that are Grade inflation and quality of learning, General Knowledge abilities, Presentation and coherence and Writing skills. It was found that performance of students with CGPA more than group mean perform like those below the group mean. The mean values of group CGPA were also high as 3.46 for Punjab University and 3.77 for Government college University Faisalabad.  The content analysis disclosed that similar mistakes are made by students in both categories. This raised serious reservations on the human capital of the students. This also shows the problem of grade inflation. In order to overcome these problems assessment systems, need reforms where actual capabilities of the students can be measured.&nbsp

The Social Impact of Substance Abuse on Males livelihood in Punjab, Pakistan

Substance abuse is a dependence on a legal or illegal drug or medication. Substance abuse is a worldwide growing problematic situation and one of the major problems affecting male livelihood. During the phase of addiction, a person is unable to control his drug intakes and usually continues to use drugs regardless of the harm it causes. This study was designed to explore the impacts of substance use on male’s livelihood. This study has carried out in two districts of Punjab. A sample of 400 respondents was drawn to explore the study goals using a conducive sampling technique. In order to evaluate the research sample, descriptive (frequency distribution) and inferential (chi-square) statistics were enforced. The research discovered that 38.0 percent of the substance abusers were up to 25 years of age while 40.5 percent of addicts were nuclear family members. Approximately 49.5 % and 48.8 % were unmarried and married respectively. Various factors such as nuclear family structure, bigger family size and low level of education play a significant role in drug abusers’ lives. The study concluded that drug use leads to domestic violence, the alliance between drug use, unemployment and poverty is also clear; drug users’ family members said that 60 percent of consumers who were employed before drugs had afterwards lost their jobs. Furthermore, almost 50 percent of the family members interviewed said that they had been forced by drug consumers to borrow money as a result of drug and almost 70 percent said that they had confronted financial complications as a result of that drug use. It is suggested that peer groups and family behaviors affected the livelihood of substance abusers

Frequency of Deranged Coagulation Profile and Its Complications among Pregnant Females

Objective: This study was conducted to determine frequency of abnormal coagulation profile and complications related to it among pregnant females.Study design and duration: it was a descriptive type of study started in June 2017 and completed in December 2017 consisted on 6 months duration.Place of study: This study was conducted in Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore. This hospital has a well developed gynaecology and Obstetrics unit which deals with a huge number of patients. It is well equipped with all facilities.   Patients and Methods:  Patients for study were selected from OPD of gynae/obs unit. About 100-150 patients are dealt in its OPD daily. Total 60(7.1%) cases of obstetrics were selected out of 850 patients during the period of six months having deranged coagulation studies. A proforma was designed containing some relevant questions which were asked from each patient. These questions were about age, parity, any previous abortion, gestational age and any history of complication related to deranged coagulation profile such as DIC, per vaginal bleeding, gestational hypertension or seizures. After taking proper history a thorough examination of these patients were done and any positive finding was documented. Their blood samples were sent to the laboratory of hospital to check Coagulation profile. They were evaluated for disseminated intravascular coagulation, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia and pregnancy related anemia. Proper consent was taken from these cases for including their data in study. Consent was also taken from the Medical Superintendant of hospital for conducting study. All data was analyzed in Microsoft office and SPSS and results were calculated in the form of frequencies and expressed via charts and tables.   Results: There were 60 pregnant females included in this study having age range of 15-41 years with mean age of 23.6 years. Mostly females were having age below 25 years. There were 40% cases with age 15-25 years, 28.3% females with 26-35 years, 20% females having age 31-35 years and 11.75 females with age above 40 years. Mostly females in this study were in gestational age above 6 months. Iron deficiency anemia was found in most of the females in this study. There were 46.6% cases having haemoglobin 6-8 g/dl, 33.3% had 8-10g/dl and 20% were having haemoglobin above 10g/dl. Out of these 60 females 24 were para-2, 21 were para-1, 8 females were para-3 and only 7 females were para-4. It was seen that there was no case in our study with para zero.       Conclusion: Deranged coagulation profile is very common among pregnant ladies who causes many complications and may lead to death of mother or child. Early diagnosis of the problem and prompt treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality