Effects of Fermented Soya Bean Supplements on Serum Insulin and Leptin Levels of High Fat Diet-induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rabbits

Background: Increase in body fat and obesity are the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus which leads to several complications that affect many organs of the body when poorly controlled. Plant food sources rich in fibre and antioxidants play an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fermented soya bean supplements on serum insulin and leptin levels of high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rabbits. Methods: Twenty rabbits of both sexes weighing, 1–2kg were used. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding the animals with a high fat diet for eight weeks. Blood glucose levels were determined after the induction period and rabbits having 130 mg/dL and above were selected for the study. The animals were grouped into four groups with five (n=5) rabbits in each group: Group 1 (diabetic control), received distilled water ad libitum for six weeks; Groups 2, 3 and 4 (diabetic rabbits) were fed with 12.5%, 25% and 50% fermented soya bean supplements respectively for a period of six weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined at weekly interval during the treatment period. At the end of the experiment, the rabbits were euthanized by cervical dislocation and blood samples were collected for the determination of insulin, and leptin levels. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA. Results: The result showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in leptin levels (ng/mL) in groups 2, 3 and 4 (11.30 ± 0.20, 9.20 ± 2.06 and 6.40 ± 1.36, respectively) as compared with the control (18.8 ± 1.59). Insulin levels were also decreased in all the treated groups when compared with the control, though not statistically significant, it may be biologically significant. Conclusion: The results of the study show that fermented soya bean supplementation possesses anti-diabetic properties and may help in the control of hyperleptinaemi

UPAYA PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI TIMOR TIMUR OLEH PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN KUPANG PROPINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR PASCA JAJAK PENDAPAT TAHUN 1999

Jajak pendapat di Timor Timur tahun 1999, telah mengakibatkan terjadinya konflik antara kelompok pro kemerdekaan dan pro integrasi. Akibat dari konflik kedua kelompok tersebut adalah kurang lebih 284.414 jiwa atau 54.706 KK penduduk Timor Timur terpaksa harus mengungsi untuk menyelamatkan diri. Wilayah Timor Barat yang merupakan daerah yang paling dekat dan dianggap aman, menjadi sasaran pengungsian dimana salah satunya adalah wilayah kabupaten Kupang yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini. Pengungsi ditempatkan di beberapa kamp darurat yang dibangun seadanya seperti kamp Tuapukan, Naibonat dan Noelbaki. Dalam pengungsian, pengungsi mengalami berbagai kendala baik ekonomi maupun sosial budaya dan keamanan. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kualitatif, drngan teknik penulisan secara Tekhnik analisia dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif anilistis. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara library research, dan tekhnik wawancara.Bagaimana upaya penanganan pengungsi Timor Timur pasca jajak pendapat tahun 1999-2005 oleh pemerintah kabupaten Kupang propinsi NTT? Menghadapi berbagai permasalahan pengungsi di atas, Pemda kabupaten Kupang propinsi NTT melakukan berbagai upaya penanganan pengungsi yakni penanganan melalui pendekatan secara ekonomi, sosial budaya dan keamanan. Kata Kunci: Pengungsi, Permasalahan Pengungsi, dan Penanganan Pengungsi

Broad-band spectrophotometry of the hot Jupiter HAT-P-12b from the near-UV to the near-IR

The detection of trends or gradients in the transmission spectrum of extrasolar planets is possible with observations at very low spectral resolution. Transit measurements of sufficient accuracy using selected broad-band filters allow for an initial characterization of the atmosphere of the planet. We obtained time series photometry of 20 transit events and analyzed them homogeneously, along with eight light curves obtained from the literature. In total, the light curves span a range from 0.35 to 1.25 microns. During two observing seasons over four months each, we monitored the host star to constrain the potential influence of starspots on the derived transit parameters. We rule out the presence of a Rayleigh slope extending over the entire optical wavelength range, a flat spectrum is favored for HAT-P-12b with respect to a cloud-free atmosphere model spectrum. A potential cause of such gray absorption is the presence of a cloud layer at the probed latitudes. Furthermore, in this work we refine the transit parameters, the ephemeris and perform a TTV analysis in which we found no indication for an unseen companion. The host star showed a mild non-periodic variability of up to 1%. However, no stellar rotation period could be detected to high confidence.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in A&

Asupan Gizi dan Mengantuk pada Mahasiswa

Nutrient and energy intake, nutrition status, and daily activity could give impact for sleepiness problem. Sleepiness related to the decreasing of cognitive ability that caused by iron deficiency. A person who feels sleepy will have a lack of physical activities that lead to overweight and therefore has a higher risk to suffer degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to analyze dominant factor that can give influence to sleepiness problem among students. The cross sectional research used 139 students of Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia. The percentage of students who is almost sleepy was 28,80%. This research showed the association between sleep duration and somnolence problem is significant (p value = 0,048). Students with sleep duration < 8 hours a day could be 0,50 times more sleepy than students with sleep duration ³ 8 hours a day. The dominant factor is sleep duration after controlled by protein and fat intake, physical activity, and media exposure. Students that frequently feels sleepy indicated low iron intake so that suggested to increase the iron intake through consuming heme contained food

ANALYTICAL STUDY ON TPD MEASUREMENTS DURING NEA ACTIVATION PROCESS

We have investigated the desorption of absorbed Cs-related species on the sample surface by temperature programed desorption (TPD). After forming the negative electron affinity (NEA) surface by alternating supply of Cs and O_2 onto the clean p-GaAs (100) surface in an ultra-high vacuum condition. It was found that Cs had several forms of adsorption states on the NEA surface from TPD measurements. The quantum efficiency under 826 nm illumination drops to zero over 300°C, while that with 367 nm drops to zero at about 500°C. It is considered that Cs desorbed about 100 to 300°C was deeply involved in the formation of the NEA surface

Keragaman Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional di Kampung Nansfori Distrik Supiori Utara, Kabupaten Supiori–Papua

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Juni 2009, pada masyarakat Kampung Nansfori Distrik Supiori Utara Kabupaten Supiori. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaatkan dan cara pengolahannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode dengan pendekatan secara emik dan etik dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, metode kepustakaan dan metode dokumentasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dianalisa secara kualitatif. Jenis tumbuhan obat yang ditemukan sebanyak 48 jenis tumbuhan obat dari 32 famili. Bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat adalah : daun (52,08 %), buah (6,25 %), biji (2,08%) dan batang (4,17 %), kulit batang (4,17 %), getah (4,17 %), umbi (2,08 %), akar (2,08 %) dan lebih dari satu bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan (22,92 %). Pengolahan tumbuhan obat menggunakan cara yang masih sederhana (direbus dan dirauh), bahkan ada yang tanpa diolah (langsung digunakan), kehigienisan dalam pengolahan juga sangat diperhatikan.namun dalam meramu tumbuhan obat masyarakat tersebut tidak menggunakan takaran.Terdapat 20 jenis tumbuhan obat dari 18 famili yang terbukti secara ilmiah memilki kandungan kimia yang dapat mengobati beberapa jenis penyakit. Kendala-kendala yang ditemukan antara lain tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat belum dibudidayakan dan kurangnya ketertarikan kaum muda pada obat tradisional sehingga penurunan pengetahuan obat tradisional kepada generasi muda tidak berjalan lancar. Key words: medicinal plants, Nansfori Village, Supiori District, Papua.

Extrasolar Planet Transits Observed at Kitt Peak National Observatory

We obtained J-, H- and JH-band photometry of known extrasolar planet transiting systems at the 2.1-m Kitt Peak National Observatory Telescope using the FLAMINGOS infrared camera between October 2008 and October 2011. From the derived lightcurves we have extracted the mid-transit times, transit depths and transit durations for these events. The precise mid-transit times obtained help improve the orbital periods and also constrain transit-time variations of the systems. For most cases the published system parameters successfully accounted for our observed lightcurves, but in some instances we derive improved planetary radii and orbital periods. We complemented our 2.1-m infrared observations using CCD z'-band and B-band photometry (plus two Hydrogen Alpha filter observations) obtained with the Kitt Peak Visitor's Center telescope, and with four H-band transits observed in October 2007 with the NSO's 1.6-m McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope. The principal highlights of our results are: 1) our ensemble of J-band planetary radii agree with optical radii, with the best-fit relation being: (Rp/R*)J = 0.0017 + 0.979 (Rp/R*)optical, 2) We observe star spot crossings during the transit of WASP-11/HAT-P-10, 3) we detect star spot crossings by HAT-P-11b (Kepler-3b), thus confirming that the magnetic evolution of the stellar active regions can be monitored even after the Kepler mission has ended, and 4) we confirm a grazing transit for HAT-P-27/WASP-40. In total we present 57 individual transits of 32 known exoplanet systems.Comment: 33 pages, 6 figures, accepted in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacifi

Influence of residual Ga_2O_3 and Cs on the increase in the maximum quantum efficiency of NEA-GaAs by a two-step thermal cleaning process

We investigated the relationship between the increase in the maximum quantum efficiency of negative electron affinity (NEA)-GaAs depending on the thermal cleaning conditions and residual species, e.g., Ga_2O_3 and Cs atoms, on the GaAs surface using temperature-programmed desorption. We found that the increase in the maximum quantum efficiency occurs during thermal cleaning at 500–600℃ for ～8.5 min. The increase in ratio was maximum when the amount of Ga_2O_3 on the GaAs surface was maximum. In the case that Cs atoms remained, when the thermal cleaning was performed in a temperature range where Ga_2O_3 was not formed, the effect facilitating an NEA surface formation was observed. However, the residual Cs atoms might not be affected at an increased maximum quantum efficiency. From the above results, we considered that the double-dipole structures of Cs-Ga_2O_3 and Cs-O are significant to the high quantum efficiency. The Cs-O dipoles are considered to form easily when Ga_2O_3 is on the GaAs surface before the NEA activation, and the amount of Cs-O dipoles required to reduce the vacuum level below the conduction band minimum increase more than usually NEA surface. As a result, the maximum quantum efficiency increases