Interazioni simbiotiche tra il labride pulitore Symphodus Melanocercus e i suoi ospiti nel Mar Ligure

ItPer due anni (1998-1999), sono state rilevate le relazioni di pulizia che legano Symphodus melanocercus ai suoi clienti nell’AMP del Promontorio di Portofino. La maggior parte delle interazioni ha interessato 5 specie. Solo Sarpa salpa prendeva sempre per prima l’iniziativa e non tollerava la vicinanza del pulitore senza il suo consenso. Negli altri casi l’iniziativa era presa sia dal pulitore che dal cliente. La fine dell’interazione era stabilita dal pulitore nel caso di Symphodus tinca e Serranus cabrilla, invece era sempre stabilita dal cliente nel caso di S. salpa, e poteva essere conclusa indifferentemente dal pulitore o dal cliente negli altri due casi. Nessun giovane (piccola taglia) è mai stato ispezionato da un pulitore. Molte ispezioni sembravano voler rafforzare i legami con i propri clienti e rendere meno traumatici i successivi approcci.EnAn investigation performed by snorkelling for two years (1998-199) along three coastal stations (2-3m depth) of the Portofino Promontory, have allowed to record some of the complex symbiotic relationships of cleaning that tie the little wrasse, Symphodus melanocercus, to his hosts. In both years of investigations the observations were performed from the beginning of June up to half October since in the other months the wrasse disappeared from the sites in examination. A total of 19 species was cleaned by S. melanocercus, but most interactions have regarded Symphodus tinca, Serranus scriba, Sarpa salpa, Coris julis and S. cabrilla. The cleaning were indifferently solicited by the little wrasse or by S. tinca, S. scriba, C. julis and S. cabrilla. Instead, the former to solicit the cleaning was S. salpa. The cleaning was always terminated by the little wrasse during the interactions with S. tinca and S. cabrilla, while was indifferently terminated by it or by S. scriba and C. julis. The cleaning was instead always terminated by S. salpa. No host of little size (juvenile) was cleaned by the wrasse while it indifferently cleaned both subadult and adult specimens. Many inspections seemed to be mainly performed to strengthen the bonds with his own customers and therefore to make more sure and less traumatic the future meetings with the same individuals

Interazioni simbiotiche tra il labride pulitore Symphodus Melanocercus e i suoi ospiti nel Mar Ligure

ItPer due anni (1998-1999), sono state rilevate le relazioni di pulizia che legano Symphodus melanocercus ai suoi clienti nell’AMP del Promontorio di Portofino. La maggior parte delle interazioni ha interessato 5 specie. Solo Sarpa salpa prendeva sempre per prima l’iniziativa e non tollerava la vicinanza del pulitore senza il suo consenso. Negli altri casi l’iniziativa era presa sia dal pulitore che dal cliente. La fine dell’interazione era stabilita dal pulitore nel caso di Symphodus tinca e Serranus cabrilla, invece era sempre stabilita dal cliente nel caso di S. salpa, e poteva essere conclusa indifferentemente dal pulitore o dal cliente negli altri due casi. Nessun giovane (piccola taglia) è mai stato ispezionato da un pulitore. Molte ispezioni sembravano voler rafforzare i legami con i propri clienti e rendere meno traumatici i successivi approcci.EnAn investigation performed by snorkelling for two years (1998-199) along three coastal stations (2-3m depth) of the Portofino Promontory, have allowed to record some of the complex symbiotic relationships of cleaning that tie the little wrasse, Symphodus melanocercus, to his hosts. In both years of investigations the observations were performed from the beginning of June up to half October since in the other months the wrasse disappeared from the sites in examination. A total of 19 species was cleaned by S. melanocercus, but most interactions have regarded Symphodus tinca, Serranus scriba, Sarpa salpa, Coris julis and S. cabrilla. The cleaning were indifferently solicited by the little wrasse or by S. tinca, S. scriba, C. julis and S. cabrilla. Instead, the former to solicit the cleaning was S. salpa. The cleaning was always terminated by the little wrasse during the interactions with S. tinca and S. cabrilla, while was indifferently terminated by it or by S. scriba and C. julis. The cleaning was instead always terminated by S. salpa. No host of little size (juvenile) was cleaned by the wrasse while it indifferently cleaned both subadult and adult specimens. Many inspections seemed to be mainly performed to strengthen the bonds with his own customers and therefore to make more sure and less traumatic the future meetings with the same individuals

Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on hemostasis: Coagulation, platelets, and vascular endothelial cells

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria [NC]) have attracted much attention in biomedicine due to their surface composition that confers interesting redox activities and regenerative properties. Studies have demonstrated that the application of NPs in biomedicine can influence components of hemostatic system, inducing blood clotting, alterations of blood cells, and endothelial cell functions. NC were tested in vitro to assess their hemocompatibility and anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-senescence activity in human endothelial cells. Hemocompatibility has been evaluated in vitro looking at the impact of NC on coagulation times, fibrinogen, and platelet aggregation. The effect of NC on vascular endothelial cells were assayed by testing cell viability, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant (tissue factor [TF]-mRNA expression) and anti-inflammatory properties (VCAM-1 exposure, cytokine release), and senescence (telomere shortening). NC did not show significant effects on coagulation process, hemolysis, or platelet aggregation. In endothelial cells, NC did not affect cell viability, reduced oxidative stress, inhibited mRNA-TF expression, VCAM-1 expression, and cytokine release. Moreover, NC reduce telomere shortening, possibly counteracting premature senescence. The hemocompatibility combined with anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory phenotype and the ability of counteract the premature senescence in vascular cells make NC a promising therapeutic tool in oxidative stress-related conditions. \ua9 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019

Selective melatonin MT2 receptor ligands relieve neuropathic pain through modulation of brainstem descending antinociceptive pathways

Neuropathic pain is an important public health problem for which only a few treatments are available. Preclinical studies show that melatonin (MLT), a neurohormone acting on MT1 and MT2 receptors, has analgesic properties, likely through MT2 receptors. Here, we determined the effects of the novel selective MLT MT2 receptor partial agonist N-{2-([3-bromophenyl]-4-fluorophenylamino)ethyl}acetamide (UCM924) in 2 neuropathic pain models in rats and examined its supraspinal mechanism of action. In rat L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation and spared nerve injury models, UCM924 (20-40 mg/kg, subcutaneously) produced a prolonged antinociceptive effect that is : (1) dose-dependent and blocked by the selective MT2 receptor antagonist 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin, (2) superior to a high dose of MLT (150 mg/kg) and comparable with gabapentin (100 mg/kg), but (3) without noticeable motor coordination impairments in the rotarod test. Using double staining immunohistochemistry, we found that MT2 receptors are expressed by glutamatergic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Using in vivo electrophysiology combined with tail flick, we observed that microinjection of UCM924 into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray decreased tail flick responses, depressed the firing activity of ON cells, and activated the firing of OFF cells; all effects were MT2 receptor-dependent. Altogether, these data demonstrate that selective MT2 receptor partial agonists have analgesic properties through modulation of brainstem descending antinociceptive pathways, and MT2 receptors may represent a novel target in the treatment of neuropathic pain

Libro Estudios de Derecho Marítimo : en Homenaje a la memoria de Tulio Álvarez Ledo

En este libro se ventilan un conjunto de temas de derecho marítimo, de derecho del mar, portuario y aduanal y de la disputa limítrofe de Venezuela con Guyana. Contiene contribuciones sobre la Lex Rhodia, el Tribunal Internacional del Derecho del Mar, la Explotación de Hidrocarburos, la Guerra de Ucrania y su efecto sobre los Fletamentos, Contratos de Transporte y Utilización de la Nave, Mercancías Peligrosas, Riesgos Cibernéticos, la Acción Directa, Lex Mercatoria, Derecho de Paso Inocente, Concesiones Portuarias, Multas y Sociedades de Clasificación