Problems Encountered in Pre-School Education According to the Views of School Managers, Teachers and Parents

The objective of this research is to find out the problems encountered by principals, teachers and parents aboutpre-schools’ education processes. In the study, qualitative research method was used and it was designed in hermeneuticalphenomenological method. The research was performed in primary schools having nursery classesin Korkuteli district of Antalya in 2015-2016 educational years. Study group comprised of principles, 2 vice principals5 pre-school teachers working in 6 schools chosen according to maximum variation sampling method and3 parents having students in these schools. Descriptive analysis and content analysis were used together in dataanalysis. The data collected was coded by the researchers and the themes were derived accordingly. Consequently,the problems about pre-school education via this research were reported in seven themes as: regulations,physical and material opportunities, interclass process, curriculum and training materials, top managers relatedissues, communication, family and environment related problems. It can be asserted that there are problemsincluding purpose, structure, process and climate dimensions of this level of the educational organization. Basedon these conclusions, action plans probable for developing this level of education can be recommended

The Adaptation of Behavior and Instructional Management Scale into Turkish Language Context: Validity and Reliability Analysis

Teachers' adopted behaviors and their instructional management strategies are likely to have some differences on the basis of personal differences. This idea may be due to different beliefs about how effective education and teaching should be. The aim of this study is to adapt the Behavior and Teaching Management Scale, which aims to measure teachers' beliefs about the management of their behavior and teaching, into Turkish language context and to conduct validity and reliability analysis. The population of the study consists of teachers working in state primary and secondary schools. The sample of the study consisted of 280 teachers who were working at 15 state primary schools and 20 state secondary schools. The sample was determined randomly by the cluster sampling. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis, the short form of the Behavior and Instructional Management Scale has been found to be appropriate to the expected two-factor theoretical structure. The confirmatory factor analysis model-data fit values are p = 0.065, χ2 / sd = 1.311, RMSEA = 0.046, NFI = 0.94, NNFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.99, GFI = 0.93, AGFI = 0.89

TURKISH AND ETHIOPIAN TEACHERS’ VIEWS ABOUT STUDENTS’ UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOURS IN THE CLASSROOM AND THE TECHNIQUES THEY USE TO COPE UP WITH: A CASE STUDY

The overall purpose of this study was to identify teachers’ views about types and causes of students’ undesirable behaviours and the techniques they use to cope up with. This study is qualitative in nature, and in the pattern of a holistic multiple case study. To identify the schools, the researchers used convenience sampling technique. The work group was determined using maximum variable sampling. As a result, the working group consisted of four participants from Turkish school and four from Ethiopian school. The data were collected be a semi-structured questionnaire interviewing the participants face to face. The data were analysed by the help of computer program called Nvivo using content analysis technique. The observed behaviours common to both schools were being late, cheating, not doing the given tasks, talking without permission during the lesson, hyperactivity and lack of attention, complaining about their teacher to family, not paying attention to personal hygiene and being rude. On the other hand, In Ethiopia, attaching nickname to friends, picking up and leaving the class in the middle of lesson, eating and drinking at the wrong time, insulting and not sitting properly; in Turkey producing a variety of excuses and complaints, silence, selfishness, naughtiness, swearing, lack of interest in cultural activities and theatre play, smoking cigarettes secretly were undesirable behaviours determined peculiar to each culture. A close, positive and supportive relationship between all school stakeholders is essential for developing a mutual relationship of respect and for managing undesirable behaviours successfully.  Article visualizations

İş-Yaşam Dengesi Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

DergiPark: 690816tredBu araştırmanın amacı Fisher, Bulger ve Smith (2009) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan İş-Yaşam Dengesi Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yönteminde ve tarama desenindedir. Veri toplama aracının uyarlama sürecinde dört İngilizce öğretmeni, bir Türkçe öğretmeni ile eğitim yönetimi ve denetimi alanında çalışan ve aynı zamanda İngilizce dilinde diplomaya sahip iki akademisyenden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma gurubunun belirlenmesinde uygun ve tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, çalışma gurubu 203 ilköğretim okulu öğretmeninden oluşmuştur. Elde edilen veriler açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuç olarak toplam 17 maddeden ve IYOSE (İşin Yaşama Olumsuz Etkisi), YIOSE (Yaşamın İşe Olumsuz Etkisi), IYOLE (İşin Yaşama Olumlu Etkisi), YIOLE (Yaşamın İşe Olumlu Etkisi) olmak üzere dört boyuttan oluşan bir ölçme aracı elde edilmiştir. Böylece yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri sonucunda, ölçeğin, Türkiye’de Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı okullarda görevli öğretmenlerin “İş-Yaşam Dengesi” ile ilgili görüşlerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Determination of seed yield and quality parameters in barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) varieties growing conditions of the mediterranean

Akdeniz iklim kuşağında üretilen arpanın büyük bir bölümü hayvan yemi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Buna karşın arpa çeşitlerinde tanenin kapsamlı besin değerlerinin belirlendiği fazlaca çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma arpa tanesinin besin değerlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Aydın koşullarında 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada materyal olarak Akhisar98, Vamıkhoca98, Hilal ve Sancak arpa çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Tek başakta tane verimi (TBV), başakta tane sayısı (BTS), bin tane ağırlığı (BTA), tanede protein oranı, tanede nişasta oranı, tanede yağ oranı, tanede kül oranı ve tanede selüloz oranı değerleri ölçülmüştür. Tek başakta tane verimi 1.10 g – 3.68 g aralığında ve başakta tane sayısı değeri ise 20.17 – 71.60 aralığında ölçülmüştür. Bin tane ağırlığı değeri 39.12 g – 70.36 g aralığında hesaplanmıştır. Tanede protein oranı %10.31 – %12.05 aralığında, tanede nişasta oranı %42.00 – %53.38, tanede yağ oranı %1.58 - %1.85, tanede kül oranı %2.54 - %2.72 ve tanede selüloz oranı %6.68 – %9.06 aralığında olduğu ölçülmüştür. Çalışmanın ilk yılında tek başakta tane verimi, başakta tane sayısı ve bazı tane kalite parametreleri (Tanede protein oranı, tanede kül ve yağ oranı) ikinci yıldan düşük bulunmuştur. Hilal çeşidi en yüksek tek başakta tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı ve tanede nişasta oranı değerleri ile öne çıkmıştır. Buna ek olarak çeşit düşük selüloz oranı ile yem kalitesini artırabileceğini göstermiştir.Although the large part of barley produced in Mediterranean conditions is considered as animal feed, a large number of studies about grain nutritional value haven't been done comprehensively so far. This study was carried out in Aydın location in Turkey in 2013 and 2014 in order to find out the nutritional values of the grain. In this research, Akhisar98, Vamıkhoca98, Hilal and Sancak barley cultivars were used as the material of this study. Grain yields per spike, numbers of grain per spike, 1000 grain weight, and protein rates of grain, starch rates of grain, oil rates of grain, ash rates of grain and cellulose rates of grain were measured. According to average result in two years' grain yield per spike and numbers of grain per spike were measured as the ranges between 1.10 g – 3.68 g and 20.17 – 71.60 respectively. 1000 grain weight between 39.12 g – 70.36 g. protein rates of grain, starch rates of grain, oil rates of grain, ash rates of grain and cellulose rates of grain were measured as the following ranges; %10.31 – %12.05, %42.00 – %53.38, %1.58 - %1.85, %2.54 - %2.72 and %6.68 – %9.06 respectively However, grain yield per spike, numbers of grain per spike and some quality parameters such as grain protein rates, grain ASH rates and grain oil rates were measured much lower in the first year than those measured in the second year in this study. Hilal barley cultivar came forward by giving the highest grain yield per spike, 1000 grain weight and starch rates of grain. In addition to, the cultivar gave the lowest cellulose rate of grain when measured in this experiment. As a result, it is suggested that the cultivar could be increased by feed quality

The investigation of biomass storage capacities of maquis areas in Tarsus State Forest Enterprise Directorate

Bu çalışma Tarsus Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü Çamalan Orman İşletme Şefliği sınırları içerisindeki makilik alanların biyokütle miktarlarının belirlenmesi için yapılmıştır. Çalışmada farklı bakı, yükselti ve vejetasyon boyunda yer alan tam kapalı makilik alanlar örneklenmiştir. Toplamda 35 örnek alanda 100 m2'lik maki örtüsü toprak seviyesinden tıraşlama olarak kesilmiştir. Her örnek alanda 4 m2'lik kısım toprak altı biyokütlenin miktarını belirlemek kök derinliğine kadar kazılmıştır. Toprak üstü biyokütle meşcere bileşenleri itibarıyla ayrılarak her bir bileşenin ağırlığı belirlenmiştir. Toprak altı biyokütle 2 mm'nin üstündeki kalın kök kısmını temsil etmektedir ve 4 cm'den ince ve 4 cm'den kalın kökler şeklinde sınıflandırılarak tartılmıştır. Yaş tayini için her alandan 3 veya 4 adet gövde kesitleri toprak seviyesinden kesilerek alınmıştır. Yaprak oranını tahmini için örnek daldan yaprak ve odun kısımları ayrılarak tartılmıştır. Her bir bileşenden alınan örnekler üzerinden kabuk miktarları ve yaş-kuru oranları tespit edilmiştir. Örnek alanlar 488-1.155 m yükseltiler arasında yayılmaktadır ve kapalılık %75-90 arasında değişmektedir. Örnek alanlarda toprak üstü kuru biyokütle 74,99 kg/100 m2 ile 471,93 kg/100 m2; toprak altı kuru biyokütle 173,45 kg/100 m2 ile 945,67 kg/100 m2 arasında değişmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda kök/sak oranının yaklaşık 1,7 gibi yüksek bir değer olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Toprak üstü ve toprak altı maki biyokütlesindeki geniş varyasyon alanın kapalılığı, aktüel durumu, makilerin boyu, birim alandaki dip çap özelliklerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca insanların yakacak odun temin etmesi, hayvan otlatma baskısına maruz kalma derecesine bağlı olarak da değişebilmektedir.This study has been carried our to determine biomass amounts of maquis in Tarsus Forest Forest Directorate, Çamalan Planning Unit. In this study, maquis plots with canopy closure more than 70% were sampled in different exposures, elevations and vegetation heights. In totally 35 sample plots, maquis vegetation of 100 m2 was cleared at soil level. For each sample plot, area of 4 m2 was excavated up to root depth to determine below-ground biomass. Above-ground biomass was grouped according to vegetation components and weighed. Belowe-ground biomass represents coarse roots (>2 mm) and divided into two parts (>4 cm-<4 cm) and weighed. To determine average age of plot, 3 to 4 stem samples were taken from soil level. To estimate foliar biomass, sample branches were taken and leaf and wood amounts were identified. Using samples from each component, bark ratios and wet-dry ratios were estimated. Sample plots are between 488-1.155 m elevations and canopy closures vary between 75-90 %. Oven dry above-ground biomass of sample plots varies between 74,99 kg/100 m2-471,93 kg/100 m2 and oven dry below-ground biomass varies between 173,45 kg/100 m2-945,67 kg/100 m2. As a result of this study, it was understood that the root/shoot ratio was roundly 1,7. Large variations of above- and belowe ground biomass amounts of sample plots are caused from canopy closures, actual state of vegetation structures and heights of vegetations. In addition, rural usage culture is also effective like fuelwood or grazing

Denetmenlerin, Öğretmenlik Yeterlik Alanları Açısından Devlet İlköğretim Okulu Sınıf Öğretmenlerine Rehberlik Görevlerini Gerçekleştirme Düzeyleri

The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent the inspectors realize their duties about training and developing primary school teachers by means of theoretical teaching professional criteria, personally and professionally. The data were gathered from 283 primary school teachers and 42 inspectors in Antalya Province by a questionnaire developed by the researchers. Five dimensions were determined as professional values and personal development, pedagogical qualifications, school, family and environment relations, program development and subject matter knowledge and guidance. According to the findings, inspectors have positive ideas about five dimensions determined for guiding teachers, while teachers express negative feelings. The difference between views of the two groups may be the result of different perceptions and expectations in regard with performance.Çalışmada, ilköğretim okulu sınıf öğretmenlerinde bulunması öngörülen kişisel ve mesleki yeterliliklerden hareketle mevcut denetmenlerin öğretmenlerin kişisel ve mesleki gelişimlerine ilişkin rehberlik görevlerini gerçekleştirme dereceleri belirlenmek istenmiştir. Araştırma alan taraması modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket, Antalya il merkezinde görev yapmakta olan ilköğretim denetmenleri ile sınıf öğretmenlerine uygulanmıştır. Yeterlikler, mesleki değerler ve kişisel gelişim, öğretme ve öğrenme sürecine ilişkin yeterlikler, okul, aile ve çevre ilişkileri, program geliştirme ve içerik bilgisi, öğrenci rehberlik hizmetleri olmak üzere beş boyut olarak belirlenmiştir. Denetmenler, belirlenen beş boyutta öğretmenlere mesleksel ve kişisel rehberlik görevlerini gerçekleştirme düzeylerine ilişkin olumlu görüş bildirirken, öğretmenlerin, olumsuz görüşlere sahip oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Bu farklı sonuçların, tarafların performansa ilişkin algılarındaki ve beklentilerindeki farklılıklardan kaynaklandığı söylenebilir

Comparison of liquid hot water, very dilute acid and alkali treatments for enhancing enzymatic digestibility of hazelnut tree pruning residues

The effect of pretreatments on the composition of the hazelnut tree pruning residue (HTPR) and on the digestibility of the cellulose was investigated. The liquid hot water (LHW) and the very dilute acid (VDA) treatments were effective in solubilizing hemicellulose. The cellulose conversion increased up to around 60% (corresponding to 32–36 g/L glucose) with decreasing hemicellulose concentration in the pretreated HTPR. The alkali treatment provided partial delignification, however, the glucose production was comparably lower. Combining the hemicellulose removal and the delignification effect of different pretreatments in two-stage processes (LHW-alkali and VDA-alkali treatments) enhanced the cellulose concentration in the solids, but not the amount of glucose released in the enzymatic digestion. These results suggested that the hemicellulose was the main barrier against the conversion of cellulose in the LHW and VDA treated HTPR and the glucose in the hydrolysis medium inhibited the cellulase activity, which prevented the complete conversion of cellulose

Procjena učinka različitih čimbenika na kapacitetza skladištenje nadzemne i podzemne biomase istočnomediteranske vegetacije makije

This study was carried out on the data obtained from 35 plot areas selected among the vertical distribution regions of maquis in study area located in Eastern Mediterranean region. The data were grouped in terms of altitude, dominant exposure, vegetation height, and mean age factors, and it is tried to reveal the change of maquis biomass depending on these factors. The data obtained shown significant variation and, for this reason, the mass values are expressed as mean values. The potential relationship between the mentioned factors and the amounts of stored biomass was examined by using t-test and variation analysis. The mean aboveground biomass amount was found to be 24,183 ton/ha, while mean belowground biomass that doesn’t contain fine root was found to be 41,062 ton/ha. According to these results obtained from mean values, the root/shoot ratio was calculated to be 1.