The Saoura foggaras : degradation of hydraulic system millennium Case of Beni Abbes, Oukda, Beni Ounif and Lahmar (Algeria)

In this article, we studied, for the first time, the foggaras of Saoura. Five missions were carried out in the oases of Kerzaz, Lahmar, Boukais, Beni Ounif, Ouakda, and Beni Abbes during the years 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The first results showed that there was a difference between the foggaras of Touat and those of Saoura. The galleries of Saoura are much shorter than those of Touat and Gourara. On the contrary, the distribution of water from the Touat and Gourara foggaras is carried out per unit volume, whereas from the Saoura foggaras per unit time. The foggaras we visited are practically in a degraded condition. The contribution of modern technology (pumps and wells) in the oases of Saoura is the principal cause of the decline of the hydraulic system millennium

EXAMINATION OF THE EMPLOYING ART OF IRANIAN ARC AND DOME

The classification the types of arcs and domes in the Iranian buildings are very diverse in terms of its geometry and efficiency. According to the primary definition, arc and domes are a kind of ancient static system which has contributed considerable by helping Iranian architects in order to widen and coverage openings. Regardless of the geometric shape, factors such as the type of materials, mortar, construction technique and the position of placement are effective in the process of arch implementation. The persistence of these structures indicates high skill and experience of architects and the witness of this claim are remaining arc and dome in ancient Iranian buildings that so far has not broken under natural and human conditions. In this study, we examine the arcs by identifying and finding out how their implementing is practiced in most historical buildings, due to the resistance and static of these buildings. In order to analyze and study, the present study method used executive methods to identify and introducing examples of executive techniques in historical buildings of Iran and experimental methods of architects, as well as books, and articles related to the topic. It can be said that the gathering and procedures for implementation and compilation techniques, the executive practices of these buildings are the inspiration of Iranian expert architects for more generations and will be a good pattern for learning for those interested in this field. Also, the executive procedures could be solution for the problems of restored historic buildings.  Article visualizations

Strength estimation of evaporitic rocks using different testing methods

Rock strength is defined as the limit of the ability of a rock to resist stress or deformation without breaking. Testing methods recommended by ISRM (International Society of Rock Mechanics) and ASTM (American Standards Testing Material) include unconfined compressive strength (UCS), point load index (PLI), indirect tensile strength (ITS), Schmidt hammer rebound (SHR), sonic velocity (Vp and Vs), and slake durability index 2nd cycle (Id2)

Factors Affecting Nursing Performance in Caring Patients with Cerebral Stroke during First Golden Hours

Context: Stroke is associated with high mortality, morbidity and creates a significant and enduring impact on patients, their families, and the wider society.Aim: assess the nurses' performance for patients with cerebral stroke during the first golden hours through assessing nurses' level of knowledge regarding cerebral stroke and their nursing management during first golden hours, assessing the level of nurses' practices for patients with cerebral stroke during the first golden hours and assess factors that affect nurses' performance in the management of patients with cerebral stroke during first golden hours. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study design was used to achieve the aim of this study. The study recruited a convenient sample of 80 nurses. Data was collected from Intensive Care Units at Ain Shams University and specialized hospitals affiliated with Ain Shams University in Egypt. Two tools were used for data collection: Nurses' self-administered questionnaire and nurses’ performance observational checklist. Results: This study revealed that 63.75% had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge, 68.8% had inadequate performance, and there were human and non-human resource factors, both affect negatively on nurses' performance in the management of patients with cerebral stroke.Conclusion: The study concluded that there was an unsatisfactory score of nurses' knowledge and practice, and there were human and non-human resource factors that negatively affect nurses' performance. Based on these findings, the study recommended periodic education programs be developed for nurses about managing patients with cerebral stroke during the first golden hours, and prospectively follow-up studies are needed to develop and refine interventions

Strategic Physiognomy and its Impact on Organizational Prosperity : An Analytical Research in the State Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries

The main objective of the research is to investigate the relationship and influence between strategic physiognomy and organizational prosperity in the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries and to identify the nature and pattern of thinking prevailing among the leadership levels in the concerned company in order to identify appropriate procedures and practices that work to consolidate the culture of strategic physiognomy and direct it towards achieving prosperity organizational , data were collected from ( 166 responder represent) late sample intentional from the middle and senior management and analysis of data Od ft statistical programs (SPSS, AMOS) Through the adoption of appropriate statistical methods . The results showed the health of relationships link and influence on the level of key variables and sub - dimensional, indicating the essential role of discernment and strategic of to achieve prosperity organization in the compan

Study of Association between Cytomegalovirus Infection and Multiple Sclerosis

الخلفية: يعد مرض التصلب العصبي المتعدد مرض مزمن من امراض الجهاز المناعي التي تصيب الجهاز العصبي المركزي حيث ان البحوث  والدراسات السابقة تشير الى ادلة على ان الفايروس المضخم للخلايا قد يكون له دور ضار او مفيد في مرض التصلب العصبي المتعدد من الناحية الباثولوجية المناعية وقد تم اجراء هذه الدراسة لتقييم مدى انتشار الفيروس المضخم للخلايا في مصل مرضى متعددة التصلب ومدى تاثيره على المرضى التصلب العصبي المتعدد . الاساليب: لقد تم اجراء الدراسة في مستشفى رزكاري التعليميفي أربيل/ العراق. حيث تم اخذ مجموعة من المرضى والتى تتألف من 50 مرضى التصلب العصبي المتعدد. و تم اخذ 30 شخصا صحيحا كعينة سيطرة مع اخذ بالاعتبار التقارب في الاعمار بين الفئتين و نوع  بين الجنسين و قد تم دراسة نسبة انتشار الفايروس  Cytmegalovirus Anti-IgGفي كلا الفئتين. النتائج: من بين 50 من مرضى التصلب العصبي المتعدد في هذه الدراسة، كان 17 (34 ٪ ) مريضا  يعانون من الانتكاس التصلب المتعدد التصلب و 33 مريضا (66 ٪) كان لها دورة نمط التقدم التدريجي من الدرجة ثانية . وكانت العامة الظاهرة على المرضى هي ضعف أطرافهم، شفع، التعمية البصرية، نقص الحسي والترنح. كشفت النتائج زيادة كبيرة جدا من عيار مضاد IgG لفايروس المضخم للخلايا لدى مرضى التصلب العصبي المتعدد مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. مع ارتفاع عيار الفايروس في المرضى الذين يعانون من أكثر من 4 الانتكاسات او الاعراض المرضية في الجهاز العصبي التي تعكس مدى النشاط المرضي لديهم. الاستنتاج: من خلال هذا البحث لقد كانت نسبة انتشار الفايروس المضخم للخلايا أعلى في المرضى الذين يعانون من التصلب العصبي المتعدد مقارنة بعينة السيطرة اي الاشخاص الصحيين وقد يكون لها دور ايجابي في ازدياد نسبة المرض في المرضى التصلب العصبي المتعدد ولكن هناك حاجة لدراسات اخرى ابعد من ذلك لإثبات هذه النتيجة.Background: Multiple Sclerosis is chronic autoimmune inflammatory demylinative disease of the central nervous system that affects usually young ages. Cytomegalovirus still controversy and have either protective role in induction of multiple sclerosis disease via molecular mimicry. The current study was designed to assess the sero-prevalence of anti-Cytomegalovirus IgG in multiple sclerosis patients; its impacts if any association of Cytomegalovirus with either disease initiation and or disease activity. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Rizgary teaching hospital Erbil /Iraq. Patients group enrolled comprised of 50 multiple sclerosis patients. The controls group comprised of 30 healthy persons with age and gender match. Anti-Cytomegalovirus IgG titer using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay test was assessed in Multiple Sclerosis patients. Results: A total of 50 multiple sclerosis patients is enrolled in this study, 17 Patients (34 %) had Relapsing Remitting multiple sclerosis and 33 patients (66%) had secondary progressive pattern course. Common presenting symptoms were limb weakness, diplopia, visual obscuration, sensory impairment and ataxia. Results revealed a highly significant increase of anti-CMV IgG titer in MS patients compared with controls group; with higher titer in patients with more than 4-relapses that reflects disease activity. Conclusions: Seropositivity of Cytomegalovirus was higher in Multiple Sclerosis patients than controls; therefore, it may have a possible role in Multiple Sclerosis pathogenesis but further studies are needed to prove this result