A minimally altruistic refinement of Nash equilibrium

We introduce a minimal notion of altruism and use it to refine Nash equilibria in normal form games. We provide three independent existence proofs, relate minimally altruistic Nash equilibrium to other equilibrium concepts, conduct an in-depth sensitivity analysis, and provide examples where minimally altruistic Nash equilibrium leads to improved predictions. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Dissolution and histological studies on ornidazole vaginal formulations Ornidazolün vajinal formülasyonları üzerine dissolüsyon ve histolojik çalışmalar

In this study our objective was to develop suitable vaginal formulations of ornidazole, to evaluate the physicochemical properties, to investigate the irritation potential of the formulations to the rat vaginal tissue and compare these formulations with commercially available vaginal formulation. Vaginal and effervescent vaginal tablets of ornidazole were prepared by wet granulation technique. Vaginal and effervescent vaginal suppositories were prepared by fusion method. The drug amount of the formulations was determined by a validated method using an HPLC with two different media (phosphate buffer and artificial vaginal fluid solutions). In vitro dissolution test, kinetical analysis of data and histopathological studies of the formulations were carried out. According to the dissolution studies, vaginal effervescent suppository formulation shows the fastest release with a similarity to commercially available vaginal tablet. The release mechanism was described and found to be non-Fickian for all formulations. Dissolution data were evaluated statistically. No histological damage was found for all formulations