Turner syndrome and associated problems in turkish children: A multicenter study

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population. Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014. Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosi) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%. Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespan. © Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology

Convex Hull Abstraction in Specialisation of CLP Programs

We introduce an abstract domain consisting of atomic formulas constrained by linear arithmetic constraints (or convex hulls). This domain is used in an algorithm for specialization of constraint logic programs. The algorithm incorporates in a single phase both top-down goal directed propagation and bottom-up answer propagation, and uses a widening on the convex hull domain to ensure termination. We give examples to show the precision gained by this approach over other methods in the literature for specializing constraint logic programs. The specialization method can also be used for ordinary logic programs containing arithmetic, as well as constraint logic programs. Assignments, inequalities and equalities with arithmetic expressions can be interpreted as constraints during specialization, thus increasing the amount of specialization that can be achieved.We introduce an abstract domain consisting of atomic formulas constrained by linear arithmetic constraints (or convex hulls). This domain is used in an algorithm for specialization of constraint logic programs. The algorithm incorporates in a single phase both top-down goal directed propagation and bottom-up answer propagation, and uses a widening on the convex hull domain to ensure termination. We give examples to show the precision gained by this approach over other methods in the literature for specializing constraint logic programs. The specialization method can also be used for ordinary logic programs containing arithmetic, as well as constraint logic programs. Assignments, inequalities and equalities with arithmetic expressions can be interpreted as constraints during specialization, thus increasing the amount of specialization that can be achieved.</p

Effects on The Yield and Quality of Grape Juice in Merlot Grape Varieties Foliar Fertilizer Application

Bu çalışma 2007-2008 yıllarında ülkemizin ve Marmara Bölgesinin önemli bir bağcılık merkezi olan Tekirdağ iline bağlı Şarköy ilçesinde, hafif alkalin ve kireçli toprak koşullarında yetiştirilen Merlot şaraplık üzüm çeşidi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. K, Mg ve Mikro elementlerin (Fe, Zn, Cu ve Mn) 3'er farklı dozları asma bitkisi gelişiminin 2 değişik fizyolojik döneminde yaprak gübresi olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada yaprak gübresi uygulamalarının üzümlerin şıralarında kalite kriterleri olarak bilinen; pH, suda çözülebilir kuru madde miktarı %, alkol miktarı %, toplam şeker %, titre edilebilir asit miktarı g/L, toplam fenolik bileşik miktarı mg/kg, toplam antosiyan miktarı mg/kg ve tanen mg/kg miktarlarına etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır, iki yıllık denemeden sonra, Merlot üzüm çeşidinde uygulama zamanı, uygulama dozları ve üçlü interaksiyonları; pH, suda çözülebilir kuru madde miktarı, alkol miktarı, toplam şeker, titre edilebilir asit miktarı, toplam fenolik bileşik miktarı, toplam antosiyan miktarı ve tanen (mg/kg) değişimine etkisi istatistik olarak % 1 düzeyinde önemli bulunmuştur.Experiments were carried out in Şarköy-Tekirdağ, one of the prominent centers of viticulture in the Marmara Region of Turkey on the cultivars Merlot, grapevine cultivar grown on slightly basic soils containing also lime, were used in the experiments at 2007-2008. The K, Mg and the micro elements (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) were combined in three different concentrations on development of grape fern applied as foliar fertilizers at two development stages. In the study, it is aimed to investigate foliar fertilizer applications of the grape must quality criteria which are pH, amount of soluble dry solids %, alcohol percentage %, total sugar %, titratable acid content g/L, total phenolic content, total anthocynanins mg/kg and tannens mg/kg. At the end of a two-year of trial, the effect of variations on pH, soluble dry solids, alcohol concentration, total sugar content, titretable acidity, total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanin and tannens were appeared to be statistically significant at 1% level on the study of time of application, fertilizer concentrations and the triple interaction of merlot grapevine cultivar

Comparison of spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole against life stages of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on concrete

Spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole are new insecticides with novel mode of actions, low mammalian toxicity and low impact to environment. In the present study, the efficacy of these insecticides was tested against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on concrete. Among the tested insecticides, spinetoram proved to be more effective, providing complete control of T. confusum adults and young larvae after 14 days of exposure. For the young larvae, thiamethoxam at the highest dose and chlorantraniliprole at both doses were equally effective with spinetoram. On the other hand, none of the tested insecticides were able to control T. confisum pupae. Moreover, none of the insecticides had ovicidal effect, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole in some combinations. From the mobile life stages, the most tolerant life stages were old larvae and the most susceptible young larvae. The presence of food (flour) moderated T. confusum mortality. From the results of the present study, we can conclude that spinetoram, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole showed potential and need be further evaluated for surface treatments in stored product facilities. Our work underlined the need for good cleaning and sanitation procedures in warehouses and food processing facilities. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Research Committee, University of Thessaly [4133]This study was partially supported by the project number 4133 Research Committee, University of Thessaly. Trade names or commercial products mentioned in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the University of Thessaly

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species in apoplastic and symplastic areas of rolled leaves in Ctenanthe setosa under drought stress

PubMed: 20724275The correspondence among apoplastic and symplastic antioxidant status, stomatal conductance and water potential was investigated during leaf rolling in Ctenanthe setosa (Rosc.) Eichler (Marantaceae) under drought stress. Apoplastic and symplastic extractions of leaf and petiole were performed at different visual leaf rolling scores from 1 to 4 (1 is unrolled, 4 is tightly rolled and the others are intermediate form). In the leaf symplast, the highest changes were found in catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities when compared to score 1 during leaf rolling. No significant change was observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in the symplast of leaf during the rolling. The same phenomenon was also present in the symplast of petiole except APX activity. In the leaf apoplast, the highest increase occurred in APX and GPX activities, whilst a slight increase in CAT and SOD activities. In the apoplast of petiole, the highest increment was found only in GPX activity, while there were small increases in SOD, APX and CAT activities. Hydrogen peroxide content increased up to score 3 in the apoplast and symplast of leaf and petiole but then slightly decreased. Also, superoxide production increased in the leaf and petiole apoplast but its quantity in the apoplast was much more than that of the symplast. On the other hand, NAD(P)H oxidase activity increased in the leaf but no change was observed in the petiole. In conclusion, as a result of water deficit during leaf rolling antioxidant enzymes are induced to scavenging of ROS produced in symplast and apoplast.© 2010 Akad?miai Kiad?,Budapest

The effects of the time-dependent and exposure time to air on Au/epilayer n-Si Schottky diodes

A study on Au/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) parameters with and without thin native oxide layer fabricated on n-type Si grown by LPE (Liquid-Phase Epitaxy) technique has been made. The native oxide layer with different thicknesses on chemically cleaned Si surface was obtained by exposing the Si surfaces to clean room air before metal evaporation. The native oxide thicknesses of samples D2, D3, D4 and D5 are in the form D2 < D3 < D4 ≤ D5 depending on the exposing time. It has been seen that the value of the barrier height Φb of samples D2 (0.64 eV), D3 (0.66 eV), D4 (0.69 eV) and D5 (0.69 eV) increases with increasing the exposure time and tends to that of the initial sample D1 (the initial sample, 0.74 eV), and thus also their I − V curves. Especially, the experimental results related to the exposure time of the surfaces to clean air are close in agreement with recently results reported for the HF-treated n-Si surface during initial oxidation in air. Furthermore, it has been determined experimentally that ageing of the Au contacts on the oxidized epilayer Si leads to barrier height values close to those measured for Au on chemically cleaned surfaces

Kuraklık stresi sırasında fasülye çeşitlerinde apoplastik ve simplastik alanlardaki çözünen madde konsantrasyonu osmotik regülasyona katkı sağlar

The present study investigates changes in the inorganic ions, proline, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) contents of the apoplastic and symplastic compartments of leaves from drought-tolerant (Yakutiye) and droughtsensitive (Zulbiye) cultivars of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Drought stress caused a decrease in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance in both cultivars. Concentrations of proline in the drought-tolerant and droughtsensitive cultivars increased in response to drought stress in both compartments. The symplastic K+ concentration decreased in both cultivars. However, the opposite trend was observed concerning K+ concentrations in the apoplastic areas. While the symplastic Na+ concentrations significantly decreased in the drought-tolerant cultivar, the apoplastic Na+ concentrations increased during drought stress. However, Na+ concentrations did not significantly change in either of the compartments in the drought-sensitive cultivar. The Ca2+ concentrations in the sensitive cultivar significantly decreased in both compartments during drought stress. In the tolerant cultivar, the Ca2+ concentration significantly increased in the symplast but decreased in the apoplast. Cl- concentrations in the tolerant cultivar did not significantly change in either compartment. In the sensitive cultivar, the Cl- concentration increased in the apoplastic area but decreased in the symplastic area. In addition, while the symplastic sap of the leaves exhibited a constant pH value, it diminished in the apoplast during drought stress. Symplastic and apoplastic ABA concentrations significantly increased in both cultivars. It might be said that inorganic ions (especially Na+, K+, and Ca2+) and ABA concentrations changed between the apoplastic and symplastic spaces to contribute to osmotic adjustment under drought stress. In addition, the drought-tolerant cultivar showed a much higher capacity to maintain osmotic adjustment between the symplast and the apoplast. © TÜBİTAK