Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection

Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with a large heterogeneity of climates and massive mixing of the population. Almost the entire national territory is located between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Earth axial tilt to the south certainly makes Brazil one of the countries of the world with greater extent of land in proximity to the sun. The Brazilian coastline, where most of its population lives, is more than 8,500 km long. Due to geographic characteristics and cultural trends, Brazilians are among the peoples with the highest annual exposure to the sun. Epidemiological data show a continuing increase in the incidence of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers. Photoprotection can be understood as a set of measures aimed at reducing sun exposure and at preventing the development of acute and chronic actinic damage. Due to the peculiarities of Brazilian territory and culture, it would not be advisable to replicate the concepts of photoprotection from other developed countries, places with completely different climates and populations. Thus the Brazilian Society of Dermatology has developed the Brazilian Consensus on Photoprotection, the first official document on photoprotection developed in Brazil for Brazilians, with recommendations on matters involving photoprotection

Using the canary genome to decipher the evolution of hormone-sensitive gene regulation in seasonal singing birds

Background While the song of all songbirds is controlled by the same neural circuit, the hormone dependence of singing behavior varies greatly between species. For this reason, songbirds are ideal organisms to study ultimate and proximate mechanisms of hormone-dependent behavior and neuronal plasticity. Results We present the high quality assembly and annotation of a female 1.2-Gbp canary genome. Whole genome alignments between the canary and 13 genomes throughout the bird taxa show a much-conserved synteny, whereas at the single-base resolution there are considerable species differences. These differences impact small sequence motifs like transcription factor binding sites such as estrogen response elements and androgen response elements. To relate these species-specific response elements to the hormone-sensitivity of the canary singing behavior, we identify seasonal testosterone-sensitive transcriptomes of major song-related brain regions, HVC and RA, and find the seasonal gene networks related to neuronal differentiation only in the HVC. Testosterone-sensitive up-regulated gene networks of HVC of singing males concerned neuronal differentiation. Among the testosterone-regulated genes of canary HVC, 20% lack estrogen response elements and 4 to 8% lack androgen response elements in orthologous promoters in the zebra finch. Conclusions The canary genome sequence and complementary expression analysis reveal intra-regional evolutionary changes in a multi-regional neural circuit controlling seasonal singing behavior and identify gene evolution related to the hormone-sensitivity of this seasonal singing behavior. Such genes that are testosterone- and estrogen-sensitive specifically in the canary and that are involved in rewiring of neurons might be crucial for seasonal re-differentiation of HVC underlying seasonal song patterning

Serpentes do Município de Viçosa, Mata Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil

Apresentamos aqui, com base em exemplares depositados em coleções científicas, uma lista das espécies de serpentes do Município de Viçosa, localizado em uma porção da Mata Atlântica do Estado de Minas Gerais, Sudeste do Brasil. Trinta e quatro espécies foram confirmadas em Viçosa. Outras duas possuem registros duvidosos e cinco espécies que foram registradas em municípios vizinhos poderiam também ocorrer em Viçosa. Informações sobre distribuição e história natural das serpentes são apresentadas, baseadas em dados da literatura científica e observações esporádicas na área de estudo. Podemos considerar que de maneira generalizada a fauna de serpentes de Viçosa é constituída por espécies com condições de utilizar ambientes antropizados, mas algumas são dependentes dos fragmentos florestais ainda existentes. Estudos de campo ainda são necessários para aprimorar o conhecimento sobre a riqueza de espécies de serpentes nos fragmentos florestais, para confirmar a presença das espécies com registros incertos e ocorrência potencial em Viçosa, e para investigar a possibilidade de declínio populacional daquelas espécies sem registros há mais de uma década