On Logical Depth and the Running Time of Shortest Programs

The logical depth with significance $b$ of a finite binary string $x$ is the shortest running time of a binary program for $x$ that can be compressed by at most $b$ bits. There is another definition of logical depth. We give two theorems about the quantitative relation between these versions: the first theorem concerns a variation of a known fact with a new proof, the second theorem and its proof are new. We select the above version of logical depth and show the following. There is an infinite sequence of strings of increasing length such that for each $j$ there is a $b$ such that the logical depth of the $j$th string as a function of $j$ is incomputable (it rises faster than any computable function) but with $b$ replaced by $b+1$ the resuling function is computable. Hence the maximal gap between the logical depths resulting from incrementing appropriate $b$'s by 1 rises faster than any computable function. All functions mentioned are upper bounded by the Busy Beaver function. Since for every string its logical depth is nonincreasing in $b$, the minimal computation time of the shortest programs for the sequence of strings as a function of $j$ rises faster than any computable function but not so fast as the Busy Beaver function.Comment: 12 pages LaTex (this supercedes arXiv:1301.4451

Micorrizas vesicular-arbusculares em plantas forrageiras - Aspectos agronômicos e interações microbiológicas.

Importância e limitações das MVA.Infecção de forrageiras por fungos micorrizicos vesicular-arbusculares (FMVA). Seleção de MVA para forrageiras.Simbiose leguminosa + FMVA + Rhizobium. Efeito de agrotóxicos na simbiose FMVA+Rhizobium+ leguminosa.Efeito de FMVA na nodulação e FBN em leguminosas. Competição da tríplice simbiose por fotossintatos.bitstream/CNPAB-2010/27197/1/doc007.pd

Theoretical investigation of moir\'e patterns in quantum images

Moir\'e patterns are produced when two periodic structures with different spatial frequencies are superposed. The transmission of the resulting structure gives rise to spatial beatings which are called moir\'e fringes. In classical optics, the interest in moir\'e fringes comes from the fact that the spatial beating given by the frequency difference gives information about details(high spatial frequency) of a given spatial structure. We show that moir\'e fringes can also arise in the spatial distribution of the coincidence count rate of twin photons from the parametric down-conversion, when spatial structures with different frequencies are placed in the path of each one of the twin beams. In other words,we demonstrate how moir\'e fringes can arise from quantum images

[Re] Measuring [LEED] sustainability: from a global rating system to tropical specificity

This paper explores the applicability of the LEED certification system through the case study of Puerto Rico (P.R.), a United States (U.S.) Commonwealth island in the Caribbean, where LEED has become widely recognized as a standard because of the geopolitical relationship with the mainland. Although LEED is used internationally, it was initially developed by the U.S. Green Building Council as a tool to measure building performance in a modern American urban environment with temperate climate, a steady economy and easy access to technology. Furthermore, regionalization strategies such as Regional Priority Credits (RPCs) and Alternate Compliance Paths (ACPs), do not address the sociocultural reality of many regions. Therefore, the focus of this research is to analyse what indicators should be added, modified or substituted to develop a revised LEED model for the specific sociocultural context of P.R.? A mixed methods research will be used to compare LEED criteria with Sustainable Assessment Systems (SAS) such as the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, the Living Building Challenge and SB Tool. Also, SAS in tropical countries such as Singapore (BCA Green Mark), Costa Rica (RESET) and India (TERI-GRIHA) will be examined. Case studies will be analysed with a main focus in Schools

Efficient recovery algorithm for discrete valued sparse signals using an ADMM approach

Motivated by applications in wireless communications, in this paper we propose a reconstruction algorithm for sparse signals whose values are taken from a discrete set, using a limited number of noisy observations. Unlike conventional compressed sensing algorithms, the proposed approach incorporates knowledge of the discrete valued nature of the signal in the detection process. This is accomplished through the alternating direction method of the multipliers which is applied as a heuristic to decompose the associated maximum likelihood detection problem in order to find candidate solutions with a low computational complexity order. Numerical results in different scenarios show that the proposed algorithm is capable of achieving very competitive recovery error rates when compared with other existing suboptimal approaches.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Introdução de mudas de leguminosas arbóreas em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens e B. brizantha.

En un Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, en Itatiaia-RJ, Brasil, se evaluaron el desarrollo y la sobrevivencia de plantas de las especies arbustivas siguientes, establecidas con y sin protección en pasturas de Brachiaria decumbens y B. brizantha en pastoreo: 1- Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), 2- Albizia (Pseudomanea guachapele), 3- Mulungu (Erythrina verna), 4- Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora), 5- Sabia (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia), 6- Angico Vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa), 7- Olosericia (Acacia holosericea), 8- Acacia Auriculada (Acacia auriculiformis), 9- Jurema Branca (Mimosa anemisiana), 10- Orelha de Negro (Enterolobium contortisiliquum), 11- Guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahyba), 12- Mulungu do Alto (Erythrina poeppigiana), 13- Coração de Negro (Albizia lebbeck), 14- Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala), 15- Jacaranda Bico de Pato (Machaerium hirlum), 16- Canafistula (Peltophorum dubium). Los resultados mostraron que, Leucena y Gliricidia tuvieron um pobre desarrollo cuando fueron plantadas sin protección contra el consumo por los animales. Por el contrario, Jurema Preta mostro uma alta tolerância al dano por animales em pastoreo. The introduction of unprotected young plants of 16 leguminous tree species into Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha pastures under grazing was evaluated in four different moments of the year at the Itatiaia Municipality, RJ. Two variables related to plant height and number of sproutings were used for the evaluations. These variables were correlated (r= 0,92; p< 0.0001). The nil hypothesis was rejected by the four Manova tests, thus the results of this experiment were analysed by means of multidimensional variance analysis in order to better explore the combined information of the variables. The statistical difference of the means by the Scott-Knott test of the 64 treatments of the principal canonical variable, suggested the formation of four groups with the Jurema Preta (Mimosa tenuiflora) group standing out at the 4th evaluation. Difference among treatments means for each variable, calculated by Bonferroni confidence intervals, revealed that the greatest plant height and the highest number of sproutings were found for Jurema Preta. The results related to the variables with grazing obtained from Jurema Preta confirm its recommendation for the region as the tree legume with the highest chances of growth whether introduced into pastures under grazing without protection.Parceria: PESAGRO

Experimental Observation of Environment-induced Sudden Death of Entanglement

We demonstrate the difference between local, single-particle dynamics and global dynamics of entangled quantum systems coupled to independent environments. Using an all-optical experimental setup, we show that, while the environment-induced decay of each system is asymptotic, quantum entanglement may suddenly disappear. This "sudden death" constitutes yet another distinct and counter-intuitive trait of entanglement.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Avaliação da suplementação mineral protéica para novilhas mestiças leiteiras na redução de dano físico de mudas de leguminosas arbóreas introduzidas na pastagem.

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