Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Composição química de capim-tanzânia adubado com nitrogênio e fósforo

Avaliaram-se os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e magnésio (Mg) na parte aérea do capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum) adubado com nitrogênio e fósforo durante o período de verão/outono. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 3, com quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 100, 200 e 300 kg/ha/ano) e três doses de pentóxido de difósforo (P2O5) (0, 50 e 100 kg/ha/ano), com três repetições. Foram realizados três cortes a 40 cm do solo, a cada 35 dias. Após cada corte, foi realizada adubação, aplicando-se o P2O5 de uma só vez no corte de uniformização e o nitrogênio parcelado em três vezes. As doses de nitrogênio não afetaram os teores de magnésio e reduziram os teores de matéria seca, cálcio e fósforo, enquanto a adubação fosfatada aumentou o teor de fósforo. A adubação teve efeito quadrático nos teores de PB, FDN e NDT, melhorando a qualidade da forragem conforme aumentaram as doses, principalmente de nitrogênio. Nas condições edafoclimáticas estudadas, recomenda-se que o capim-tanzânia seja adubado com 300 kg de N/ha e 100 kg de P2O5/ha.It was evaluated in this work the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in the aerial section of the Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum), fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus during the summer and autumn. The experimental design was complete randomized, with a 4 × 3 factorial scheme, and four N rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg/ha/year), and three pentoxide diphosphorus (P2O5) rates (0, 50, and 100 kg/ha/year), with three replicates. Three cuts were made at 40 cm of the soil, every 35 days. After each cut, the fertilization was accomplished, and P2O5 was applied only once on the uniformed cut and N was parceled in three times. Nitrogen rates did not affect contents of magnesium and they reduced contents of dry matter, calcium and phosphorus, while phosphate fertilization increased levels of phosphorus. Fertilization had a quadratic effect on the levels of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients providing a forage of better quality as doses increased, mainly nitrogen doses. In the studied edaphoclimathic conditions, it is recommend fertilization of Tanzania grass with 300 kg of N/ha and 100 kg of P2O5/ha