32,138 research outputs found
Ames collaborative study of cosmic-ray neutrons. 2: Low- and mid-latitude flights
Progress of the study of cosmic ray neutrons is described. Data obtained aboard flights from Hawaii at altitudes of 41,000 and 45,000 feet, and in the range of geomagnetic latitude 17 N less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 21 N are reported. Preliminary estimates of neutron spectra are made
Resolved, Every Librarian a Subject Librarian: Implementing Subject Librarianship Across a Research Library
Many academic research librarians are specialistsâcatalogers, data curation librarians, electronic resources librariansâand working with students is considered to be a job for public service librarians. The University of Tennessee Libraries is expanding subject librarian responsibility across the Libraries, and research librarians who may have never worked in public services are assuming liaison and collection development roles. Steve Smith, Dean of Libraries, will share his model of learning, research, and collections (LRC) librarianship and explain his rationale for starting the University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries down this road. And how is that concept working for us? Hear from a couple of the librarians charged with implementing the vision: a technical services librarian given new LRC subject responsibility and the public service librarian assigned to get that new LRC subject librarian up to speed. We will discuss organizational and implementation challenges and share what we have learned about training and mentoring new subject librarians
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Forgiveness takes place on an attitudinal continuum from hostility to friendliness: Toward a closer union of forgiveness theory and measurement.
Researchers commonly conceptualize forgiveness as a rich complex of psychological changes involving attitudes, emotions, and behaviors. Psychometric work with the measures developed to capture this conceptual richness, however, often points to a simpler picture of the psychological dimensions in which forgiveness takes place. In an effort to better unite forgiveness theory and measurement, we evaluate several psychometric models for common measures of forgiveness. In doing so, we study people from the United States and Japan to understand forgiveness in both nonclose and close relationships. In addition, we assess the predictive utility of these models for several behavioral outcomes that traditionally have been linked to forgiveness motives. Finally, we use the methods of item response theory, which place person abilities and item responses on the same metric and, thus, help us draw psychological inferences from the ordering of item difficulties. Our results highlight models based on correlated factors models and bifactor (S-1) models. The bifactor (S-1) model evinced particular utility: Its general factor consistently predicts variation in relevant criterion measures, including 4 different experimental economic games (when played with a transgressor), and also suffuses a second self-report measure of forgiveness. Moreover, the general factor of the bifactor (S-1) model identifies a single psychological dimension that runs from hostility to friendliness while also pointing to other sources of variance that may be conceived of as method factors. Taken together, these results suggest that forgiveness can be usefully conceptualized as prosocial change along a single attitudinal continuum that ranges from hostility to friendliness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
Gamma-ray bursts and terrestrial planetary atmospheres
We describe results of modeling the effects on Earth-like planets of
long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) within a few kiloparsecs. A primary
effect is generation of nitrogen oxide compounds which deplete ozone. Ozone
depletion leads to an increase in solar UVB radiation at the surface, enhancing
DNA damage, particularly in marine microorganisms such as phytoplankton. In
addition, we expect increased atmospheric opacity due to buildup of nitrogen
dioxide produced by the burst and enhanced precipitation of nitric acid. We
review here previous work on this subject and discuss recent developments,
including further discussion of our estimates of the rates of impacting GRBs
and the possible role of short-duration bursts.Comment: 12 pages including 5 figures (4 in color). Added discussion of GRB
rates and biological effects. Accepted for publication in New Journal of
Physics, for special issue "Focus on Gamma-Ray Bursts
The Anthropometry of Forest Machine Operators in the Southern USA
Anthropometric dimensions critical to the design of operator workspaces and cab access in grapple skidders were collected from a sample of Southern United States loggers. The data were then compared to existing SAE and ILO anthropometric recommendations and data. Results indicated that southern grapple skidder operators are generally taller in stature, sitting height and seated eye height than the worldwide population measured to determine the SAE and ILO guides. Southern operators are also heavier than subjects measured for the SAE recommendations
VLBA Continuum and H I Absorption Observations of the Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxy IRAS 17208-0014
We present phase-referenced VLBI observations of the radio continuum emission
from, and the neutral hydrogen 21 cm absorption toward, the Ultra-Luminous
Infrared Galaxy IRAS 17208-0014. The observations were carried out at 1362 MHz
using the Very Long Baseline Array, including the phased Very Large Array as an
element. The high-resolution radio continuum images reveal a nuclear starburst
region in this galaxy, which is composed of diffuse emission approximately 670
x 340 pc on the plane of the sky, and a number of compact sources. These
sources are most likely to be clustered supernova remnants and/or luminous
radio supernovae. Their brightness temperatures range over (2.2-6.6) x 10^{5}
K, with radio spectral luminosities between (1-10) x 10^{21} W Hz^{-1}. The
total VLBI flux density of the starburst region is ~52 mJy, which is about 50%
of the total flux density detected with the VLA at arcsecond resolution. For
this galaxy, we derive a massive star formation rate of ~84pm13 M{_\odot}
yr^{-1}, and a supernova rate of ~4pm1 yr^{-1}. H I absorption is detected in
multiple components with optical depths ranging between 0.3 and 2.5, and
velocity widths between 58 and 232 km s^{-1}. The derived column densities,
assuming T_{s}=100 K, range over (10-26) x 10^{21} cm^{-2}. The H I absorption
shows a strong velocity gradient of 453 km s^{-1} across 0.36 arcsec (274 pc).
Assuming Keplerian motion, the enclosed dynamical mass is about 2.3 x 10^9
sin^{-2}i M{_\odot}, comparable to the enclosed dynamical mass estimated from
CO observations.Comment: 26 pages total, 6 figures. ApJ accepted. To appear in the April 1,
2003 issue of ApJ. For a version with better images, see
http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~emomjian/IRAS.p
Ames collaborative study of cosmic ray neutrons
The results of a collaborative study to define both the neutron flux and the spectrum more precisely and to develop a dosimetry package that can be flown quickly to altitude for solar flare events are described. Instrumentation and analysis techniques were used which were developed to measure accelerator-produced radiation. The instruments were flown in the Ames Research Center high altitude aircraft. Neutron instrumentation consisted of Bonner spheres with both active and passive detector elements, threshold detectors of both prompt-counter and activation-element types, a liquid scintillation spectrometer based on pulse-shape discrimination, and a moderated BF3 counter neutron monitor. In addition, charged particles were measured with a Reuter-Stokes ionization chamber system and dose equivalent with another instrument. Preliminary results from the first series of flights at 12.5 km (41,000 ft) are presented, including estimates of total neutron flux intensity and spectral shape and of the variation of intensity with altitude and geomagnetic latitude
Ecology of the Invasive Red Alga Gracilaria salicornia (Rhodophyta) on O'ahu, Hawai'i
The red alga Gracilaria salicornia (C. Agardh) E. Y. Dawson was introduced
intentionally to two reefs on O'ahu, Hawai'i, in the 1970s for experimental
aquaculture for the agar industry. Some 30 yr later, this species has
spread from the initial sites of introduction and is now competing with native
marine flora and fauna. The goals of this study were to quantify various aspects
of G. salicornia ecology in Hawai'i in an effort to develop control or eradication
tools. Experimental plots were established to determine cover and biomass of G.
salicornia per square meter and to determine the amount of time and person
hours needed to remove G. salicornia from these plots. Substantial amounts of G.
salicornia become dislodged from the reef during large wave events and periodically
become deposited onto the beach in front of the Waikiki Aquarium. Algal
beach wash biomass was quantified and positive relationships were established
between swell height and the amount of algae that washed up onto the beach in
this location. We then quantified the ability of G. salicornia vegetative fragments
to regrow after desiccation to determine if algal biomass stranded on shore survives
the tidal cycle until being washed back out on the reef at high tide. Gracilaria
salicornia was remarkably resistant to temperature, salinity, and chemical
treatments examined as possible in situ control options. Herbivore preference
tests showed that a native Gracilaria species is consumed far more frequently
than the alien congener. Finally, large-scale community volunteer efforts were
organized to remove drifting G. salicornia fragments from the reef area in front
of the Waikiki Aquarium. Over 20,000 kg of alien algal fragments were removed
from this location in five 4-hr cleanup events. However, based on G. salicornia
growth rates, ability to fragment, physical tolerance, and low herbivory, it is
clear that a large-scale dedicated effort will be needed to control this invasive
species on Waikiki's reefs
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