Italian civil justice: regional disparities

The functioning of the Italian civil justice system is characterized by deep regional disparities: the length of legal proceedings is on average significantly higher in the South than in the rest of Italy. Using mainly a descriptive approach, this paper documents these differences and investigates possible explanations examining the number of proceedings initiated in courts and the human and financial resources assigned to the courts. As regards population distribution, regions in the South are more litigious than those in the Centre and North and therefore receive a higher proportion of public resources. Nevertheless, the endowment of resources in the South is in line with the rest of Italy when measured according to the annual flow of new proceedings whereas it receives fewer resources in relation to the number of proceedings pending. On the basis of the available information, it is not possible to establish whether the greater stock of proceedings pending in the South is due to an inadequate endowment of resources and/or to lower productivity.civil justice, litigation, regional disparities

Morphometry and chaetotaxy of the nymphs of Ectemnostega (Ectemnostegella) quechua (Bachmann 1961) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Corixidae)

The egg and the five nymphal instars of Ectemnostega quechua are described and illustrated for the first time. The eggs of Ectemnostega have a short stalk, and the shape, size and chorionic structure differ among groups of species. The nymphal characters most useful in identifying instars I-V of Ectemnostega are: body length; number of rostrum sulcations; number of setae on inner surface of protibiotarsus; spines and setae, and spines on posteroventral surface of mesofemur and mesotibia, respectively; setae on posterodorsal surface of mesotibia and mesotarsus; spines and setae on anteroventral surface and setae on posterior surface of metatibia; swimming hairs on anteroventral and posterodorsal surfaces of metatarsus; and the grade of development of wing pads. The nymphs of E. quechua can be easily distinguished fromother species of Ectemnostega by the number of spines and setae on the posteroventral surface of mesofemur.Fil: Konopko, Susana Amanda. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mazzucconi, Silvia Ana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Entomología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP PROSES KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN HANDPHONE SAMSUNG GALAXY S4 (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA BANDUNG TAHUN 2014)

Dinamika persaingan bisnis yang semakin ketat menuntut perusahaan termasuk perusahaan telepon seluler untuk harus memiliki beberapa keunggulan yang membedakan produk perusahaannya dengan produk dari perusahaan lain yang dapat dijadikan competitive advantage bagi perusahaan tersebut. Dalam competitive advantage konsep yang biasa disajikan oleh suatu perusahaan adalah bauran pemasaran (Kotler & Keller, 2009:24). Samsung Electronics menjadikan bauran pemasaran sebagai alat bersaing dengan perusahaan lain yang sejenis, dalam hal ini produk handphone Samsung Galaxy S4. Bauran pemasaran terdiri dari empat variabel yang merupakan inti dari sistem pemasaran yaitu: produk (product), harga (price), tempat (place), dan promosi (promotion). Keempat variabel tersebut dikendalikan dan dipadukan satu sama lain oleh perusahaan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi konsumen dalam mengambil proses keputusan pembelian. Proses keputusan membeli timbul karena penilaian yang objektif atau dorongan emosi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengguna handphone Samsung Galaxy S4 sebanyak 100 orang dengan menggunakan sampel yang seluruhnya dijadikan sebagai responden penelitian. Jenis penelitian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi deskriptif dan explanatory. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan alat pengumpulan data kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis secara simultan (Uji F), bauran pemasaran berpengaruh signifikan terhadap proses keputusan pembelian pada handphone Samsung Galaxy S4, hal ini dibuktikan dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000 (taraf signifikansi yang diterima = 5%). Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis secara parsial (Uji t), hanya variabel produk, harga, dan tempat yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Sedangkan variabel promosi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Berdasarkan koefisien determinasi didapat bahwa variabel bauran pemasaran mampu menjelaskan keputusan pembelian sebesar 0.931 atau 93.1% dan sisanya sebesar 6.9% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diantaranya faktor dari karakteristik dan psikologi konsumen (budaya, sosial, pribadi, dan psikologi) dan faktor pesaing yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci : Bauran pemasaran, produk, harga, tempat, promosi dan proses keputusan pembelia

Student Perceptions of English Courses in The Law Department: A Case Study at Nurul Jadid University

The focus of this study is on how students perceive their prior English-language learning experiences. The study intends to carefully investigate these perceptions in order to provide useful information to university administration and academics. The outcomes are anticipated to act as a basis for well-informed decision-making, helping the institution to raise the standard of English instruction as a whole. This research has the potential to help educators better personalize English learning programs to meet the various requirements and expectations of the students. This study examined the complex web of students' views related to the English learning process using a quantitative descriptive method and survey techniques. The research incorporated a wide range of opinions by polling students enrolled in the Undergraduate Law Study Program at the University of Nurul Jadid who had taken English courses. The third, fifth, and seventh semesters of the law undergraduate study program were the focus of the data collecting, which took place between October 7 and 15, 2023. The findings, revealed in-depth tables, revealed the subtleties of students' perspectives, concentrating on cognitive, affection, and conation aspects inside the English courses of the Nurul Jadid University Law Study Program. Among 21 respondents, 23.8% perceived their understanding as poor, with 33.3% feeling sufficient and another 33.3% considering their understanding good. Only 9.5% felt very good about their grasp of the subject matter, indicating varying levels of comprehension. Regarding affection, 9.5% felt poor, 42.9% felt sufficient, 19.0% felt good, and 28.6% felt very good. Additionally, 9.5% had weak conation, 38.1% had sufficient, and 42.9% had good conation. Identifying factors influencing these aspects is crucial to enhancing student motivation and engagement in English courses

Variation of the Nutritional Composition of Quinoa According to the Processing Used

ARTÍCULO PUBLICADO EN REVISTA EXTERNA. Quinoa is consumed as a seed, flour, expanded, sprout (germinated) and activated (hydrated). The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional composition of the different preparations. The same batch of quinoa seeds was processed as flour, expanded, hydrated and germinated. It showed that there is a statistically significant difference of nutrients between all groups. For proteins, it varies from 12.78 ± 0.02 g/100 g in whole seed to 5.25 ± 0.01 g/100 g in the hydrated seed. In total fats, it varies from 7.80 ± 0.02 g/100 g in flour to 0.72 ± 0.01 g/100 g in sprouts. For fiber, the germinated quinoa provides the highest content (23.50 ± 0.01 g/100 g), whereas the hydrated quinoa the lowest content (8.71 ± 0.02 g/100 g). This shows how different preparations influence the nutritional contribution of quinoa. With this information, one can recommend different types of preparations depending on the type of nutrient that is wanted for consumption

Studies on the chorionic structure of the eggs of Corixoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with scanning electron microscopy

The chorionic structure of the eggs of sixteen species of Corixoidea (Ectemnostega (Ectemnostega) quadrata (Signoret), E. (Ectemnostegella) quechua (Bachmann), Trichocorixa mendozana Jaczewski, Centrocorisa kollari (Fieber), Heterocorixa brasiliensis Hungerford, Sigara (Aphelosigara) tucma Bachmann, S. (Tropocorixa) denseconscripta (Breddin), S. (T.) platensis Bachmann, S. (T.) rubyae (Hungerford), S. (T.) santiagiensis (Hungerford), S. (T.) schadei (Hungerford), S. (T.) yala Bachmann, Tenagobia (Incertagobia) incerta Lundblad, T. (Fuscagobia) fuscata (Stål), T. (Schadeogobia) schadei Lundblad, and T. (Tenagobia) pulchra Hungerford) is described for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the eggs of some of these species are described based on color and morphometry. The sculpturing of the chorion and the structure of the micropylar area here in studied using scanning electron microscopy together with the length of the stalk distinguish the eggs of the genera (except Sigara, genus without a uniform pattern on the sculpturing of the chorion) and subgenera (including Aphelosigara and Tropocorixa) of Corixoidea present in Argentina. The above mentioned characters, together with the egg length, proved to be useful for the identification of the Argentinian species. An identification key to the eggs of Argentinian species of Corixoidea based on the material herein studied, and additional data present in the literature, is providedFil: Konopko, Susana Amanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Mazzucconi, Silvia Ana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental. Laboratorio de Entomologia; ArgentinaFil: López Ruf, Monica. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Entomología; Argentin

Variation of the nutritional composition of quinoa according to the processing used

PRE-PRINTS (VERSIÓN FINAL DE AUTOR PARA PUBLICACIÓN). In Mendoza, Argentina, quinoa is grown with a very good yield, and its consumption is becoming widespread. It is consumed as a seed, flour, expanded, sprout (germinated) and activated (hydrated). The popular belief is that all these forms have the same nutritional contribution. Taking into account this belief, the objective of this work was to determine the nutritional composition of the different preparations. The same batch of quinoa seeds was processed as flour, expanded, hydrated and sprout. It was analyzed by triplicate, applying conventional laboratory techniques. For the statistical analysis, a multiple comparison test was applied, and to discriminate between the means, the honestly significant difference procedure (HSD) of Tukey was applied. It showed that there is statistically significant difference of nutrients between all groups, with a level of 95.0% confidence. For proteins, it varies from 12.78±0.02 g/100g in whole seed to 5.25±0.01 g/100g in the hydrated seed. In total fats, it varies from 7.80±0.02 g/100g in flour to 0.72±0.01 g/100g in sprouts. For fiber, the germinated quinoa provides the highest content (23.50±0.01 g/100g), whereas the hydrated quinoa the lowest content (8.71±0.02 g/100 g). The energy value in 100 g was as follows: whole seed 1299 kcal, flour 1430 kcal, germinated 291 kcal, hydrated 594 kcal and expanded 1368 kcal. This shows how different preparations influence the nutritional contribution of quinoa. With this information, one can recommend different types of preparations depending on the type of nutrient which is wanted for consumption

Metal-Poor Stars Observed with the Magellan Telescope I. Constraints on Progenitor Mass and Metallicity of AGB Stars Undergoing s-Process Nucleosynthesis

We present a comprehensive abundance analysis of two newly-discovered carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. HE2138-3336 is a s-process-rich star with [Fe/H] = -2.79, and has the highest [Pb/Fe] abundance ratio measured thus far, if NLTE corrections are included ([Pb/Fe] = +3.84). HE2258-6358, with [Fe/H] = -2.67, exhibits enrichments in both s- and r-process elements. These stars were selected from a sample of candidate metal-poor stars from the Hamburg/ESO objective-prism survey, and followed up with medium-resolution (R ~ 2,000) spectroscopy with GEMINI/GMOS. We report here on derived abundances (or limits) for a total of 34 elements in each star, based on high-resolution (R ~ 30,000) spectroscopy obtained with Magellan-Clay/MIKE. Our results are compared to predictions from new theoretical AGB nucleosynthesis models of 1.3 Mo with [Fe/H] = -2.5 and -2.8, as well as to a set of AGB models of 1.0 to 6.0 Mo at [Fe/H] = -2.3. The agreement with the model predictions suggests that the neutron-capture material in HE2138-3336 originated from mass transfer from a binary companion star that previously went through the AGB phase, whereas for HE2258-6358, an additional process has to be taken into account to explain its abundance pattern. We find that a narrow range of progenitor masses (1.0 < M(Mo) < 1.3) and metallicities (-2.8 < [Fe/H] < -2.5) yield the best agreement with our observed elemental abundance patterns.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap