Avaliação da condição nutricional de plantas de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) em relação à suscetibilidade a pragas e doenças sob diferentes condições de manejo e salinidade

TCC (graduação em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, 2007No Brasil a utilização da fertirrigação em sistemas de cultivo protegido é uma prática muito comum, principalmente, no cultivo do morangueiro. No entanto, esta prática acarreta um aumento significativo no teor de sais na zona de raiz, bem como alterações no pH. Esses fatores, por sua vez, causam vários problemas, entre eles desequilíbrio nutricional e, conseqüentemente, aumento na incidência de doenças. Suspeita-se que estas alterações estão ligadas ao manejo incorreto dos sistemas de fertirrigação. Grande parte dos cultivos de morango da região apresentam algum distúrbio nutricional e que pode estar associado a excesso ou deficiência de nutrientes minerais. O presente trabalho compara dois solos, um que está sob suspeita de adubação excessiva, pois as plantas não estão se desenvolvendo, e outro onde não há problemas aparentes. Foram analisadas amostras de solo e de tecido vegetal para as duas situações. No solo foram determinados os teores de nutrientes, pH, matéria orgânica, textura e condutividade. No tecido vegetal foram analisados os teores de nutrientes e feita uma comparação com os teores ideais em folhas de morangueiro propostos pela literatura, bem como entre as diferentes situações de cultivo. Constatou-se diferentes teores de salinidade entre os solos analisados e desequilíbrio nutricional, principalmente, em relação a macronutrientes. O pH do solo A apresentou valores fora da faixa ideal para o desenvolvimento da cultura. Concluiu-se que há indícios que o manejo da gleba A contribuiu para que houvesse desequilíbrio nutricional e conseqüentemente maior suscetibilidade ao ataque de doenças e pragas

Elements of the metacommunity structure : comparison across multiple metacommunities

Les « Éléments de la Structure des Metacommunautés » (EMS) est un outil analytique puissant pour l'évaluation des patrons de distributions d'espèces dans l'espace géographique ou environnementale; par contre, cette technique est encore sous-utilisée parmi les études écologiques. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer les mécanismes structurants les patrons de distributions d'espèces de poissons de lacs boréaux à des multiples échelles en appliquant la technique EMS sur la Ontario Fish Distribution Database, une base de données contenant des informations sur la présence-absence des espèces de poissons de plus de 9000 lacs de l'Ontario ainsi que leurs positions géographiques. Pour chaque lac, l'information sur les variables environnementales on été obtenue grâce au Lake lnventory Database (LINY) et des indices spatiaux, comme la connectivité entre les lacs et leur distance aux refuges postglaciaires, ont été calculés à partir d'informations géographiques. Puis, la relation phylogénétique des espèces et leurs niches B on été estimés pour comprendre le rôle des espèces dans l'assemblage des communautés et formation des metacommunautés. Dans le premier chapitre, la technique EMS a indiqué que nestedness et Clementsian gradients sont les patrons de distributions les plus courants parmi les bassins versants. La pluparts des patrons nestedness se situent dans des bassins de faible énergie contenant des grands lacs et localisés dans de hautes latitudes tandis que les patrons Clementsian gradients sont rencontrés dans des conditions opposés. À l'échelle des bassins, les variables environnementales expliquent en moyenne 9.1% de la variation dans la distribution des espèces pour les deux type de patrons contre moins de 3.5% pour les variables spatiales. À l'échelle provinciale, la variation dans la distribution des espèces est expliquée principalement par les variables environnementales structurées spatialement (29,26%) suivit des variables environnementales indépendantes de l'espace (10.80%). Des tests statistiques suggèrent que le taux de changement dans la composition des communautés, la caractéristique qui mieux distingue les deux patrons, augmente du nord vers le sud, influencé principalement par la latitude et les variables associées (e.g., température). Dans le second chapitre, les résultats indiquent que, à l'échelle du bassin versant, la sous-dispersion phylogénétique prédomine tandis que la sur-dispersion phylogénétique est plus observée à l'échelle locale. La structure phylogénétique et de niche des communautés sont principalement influencés par la taille des lacs, les variables liées à l'énergie (e.g., température, degré-jour de croissance) et la latitude. Dans les régions du Nord, il y a des taux élevés de chevauchement des niches et de plus grande distance phylogénétique entre les espèces qui cohabitent alors que dans les bassins versants du Sud on rencontre le patron inverse. \ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : EMS, analyse de correspondance, Clementsian gradients, distribution d'espèces, nestedness, species turnover, structure phylogénétique, niche, gradient environnementa

Detecção de linha de plantio de cana de açúcar a partir de imagens de VANT usando Segmentação Semântica e Transformada de Radon

In recent years, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) have become increasingly popular in the agricultural sector, promoting and enabling the application of aerial image monitoring in both scientific and business contexts. Images captured by UAVs are fundamental for precision farming practices, as they allow activities that deal with low and medium altitude images. After the effective sowing, the scenario of the planted area may change drastically over time due to the appearance of erosion, gaps, death and drying of part of the crop, animal interventions, etc. Thus, the process of detecting the crop rows is strongly important for planning the harvest, estimating the use of inputs, control of costs of production, plant stand counts, early correction of sowing failures, more-efficient watering, etc. In addition, the geolocation information of the detected lines allows the use of autonomous machinery and a better application of inputs, reducing financial costs and the aggression to the environment. In this work we address the problem of detection and segmentation of sugarcane crop lines using UAV imagery. First, we experimented an approach based on \ac{GA} associated with Otsu method to produce binarized images. Then, due to some reasons including the recent relevance of Semantic Segmentation in the literature, its levels of abstraction, and the non-feasible results of Otsu associated with \ac{GA}, we proposed a new approach based on \ac{SSN} divided in two steps. First, we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to automatically segment the images, classifying their regions as crop lines or as non-planted soil. Then, we use the Radon transform to reconstruct and improve the already segmented lines, making them more uniform or grouping fragments of lines and loose plants belonging to the same planting line. We compare our results with segmentation performed manually by experts and the results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of our approach to the proposed task.Dissertação (Mestrado)Nos últimos anos, os VANTs (Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados) têm se tornado cada vez mais populares no setor agrícola, promovendo e possibilitando o monitoramento de imagens aéreas tanto no contexto científico, quanto no de negócios. Imagens capturadas por VANTs são fundamentais para práticas de agricultura de precisão, pois permitem a realização de atividades que lidam com imagens de baixa ou média altitude. O cenário da área plantada pode mudar drasticamente ao longo do tempo devido ao aparecimento de erosões, falhas de plantio, morte e ressecamento de parte da cultura, intervenções de animais, etc. Assim, o processo de detecção das linhas de plantio é de grande importância para o planejamento da colheita, controle de custos de produção, contagem de plantas, correção de falhas de semeadura, irrigação eficiente, entre outros. Além disso, a informação de geolocalização das linhas detectadas permite o uso de maquinários autônomos e um melhor planejamento de aplicação de insumos, reduzindo custos e a agressão ao meio ambiente. Neste trabalho, abordamos o problema de segmentação e detecção de linhas de plantio de cana-de-açúcar em imagens de VANTs. Primeiro, experimentamos uma abordagem baseada em Algoritmo Genético (AG) e Otsu para produzir imagens binarizadas. Posteriormente, devido a alguns motivos, incluindo a relevância recente da Segmentação Semântica, seus níveis de abstração e os resultados inviáveis obtidos com AG, estudamos e propusemos uma nova abordagem baseada em \ac{SSN} em duas etapas. Primeiro, usamos uma \ac{SSN} para segmentar as imagens, classificando suas regiões como linhas de plantio ou como solo não plantado. Em seguida, utilizamos a transformada de Radon para reconstruir e melhorar as linhas já segmentadas, tornando-as mais uniformes ou agrupando fragmentos de linhas e plantas soltas. Comparamos nossos resultados com segmentações feitas manualmente por especialistas e os resultados demonstram a eficiência e a viabilidade de nossa abordagem para a tarefa proposta

O conhecimento sobre sexualidade – por uma gnosiologia (teoria do conhecimento) em educação sexual: algumas indagações

People's knowledge (s) about sexuality in the area of Sexual Education (ES) is often just a starting point for research or continuing education for teachers, but almost nonexistent are the proposals for transformation into theory and , later construction of curriculum in ES, of this knowledge. In view of this, the present article, with bibliographic methodology, intends to propose the referential of gnosiology / theory of knowledge (G / TC), emphasizing the different ways of knowing about sexuality. After a brief reference in G / TC, the article surveys research on “knowledge about sexuality” and raises some questions. The main conclusion is that there is a limitation in the studies on knowledge about sexuality from the point of view of G / TC and, thus, the motivation for training new researchers in Scientific Initiation is made to operationalize their investigations in the perspective of G / TC in higher education in undergraduate and psychologist training courses.Los conocimientos de las personas sobre la sexualidad en el área de la Educación Sexual (ES) a menudo son solo un punto de partida para la investigación o la formación continua de los docentes, pero las propuestas para la transformación en teoría son casi inexistentes. , posterior construcción del currículum en ES, de este conocimiento. En vista de esto, el presente artículo, con metodología bibliográfica, pretende proponer el referencial de gnosiología / teoría del conocimiento (G / TC), enfatizando las diferentes formas de conocer la sexualidad. Después de una breve referencia en G / TC, el artículo investiga la investigación sobre el "conocimiento sobre la sexualidad" y plantea algunas preguntas. La conclusión principal es que existe una limitación en los estudios sobre el conocimiento sobre la sexualidad desde el punto de vista de G / CT y, por lo tanto, existe una motivación para capacitar a nuevos investigadores en Iniciación Científica para que sus investigaciones sean operativas. perspectiva de G / TC en educación superior en cursos de pregrado y psicología.O conhecimento(s) das pessoas, sobre sexualidade, na área da Educação Sexual (ES), muitas vezes, é apenas ponto de partida para pesquisas ou formações continuadas para professores(as), mas quase inexistentes são as propostas de transformação em teoria e, posterior construção de currículo em ES, destes conhecimentos. Diante disso, o presente artigo, de metodologia bibliográfica, pretende propor o referencial da gnosiologia/teoria do conhecimento (G/TC), enfatizando as formas diversas de se conhecer sobre sexualidade. Depois de um breve referencial em G/TC, o artigo faz um levantamento de pesquisas sobre o ‘conhecimento em sexualidade’ e lança algumas indagações. A principal conclusão é que há uma limitação nos estudos sobre conhecimento em sexualidade do ponto de vista da G/TC e, desta forma, se faz a motivação para formação de novos(as) pesquisadores(as) em Iniciação Cientifica que operacionalizem suas investigações na perspectiva da G/TC em ES nas licenciaturas e nos cursos de formação de psicólogos

Implementation of a distance learning program focused on continuing medical education with the support of patent-based data mining

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the use of a free code computational tool, Patent2net, in the search of patents for the implementation of distance learning aimed at Continuing Medical Education. Design/methodology/approach – This technical report is based on the extraction, organization and availability, in the format of graphs and dynamic tables, and also based on information in other patents on the subject, made available in the Espacenet database. Findings – As a result, it was possible to identify a Chinese patent, free for reproduction in Brazil, which describes an e-learning system that simulates 3D scenarios for training nursing teams. Research limitations/implications – The paper has used one unique patent database, but containing more than 100m documents. Practical implications – The selected patent can contribute to the improvement of care and behavioral techniques of the health professionals. Social implications – The training of health professionals can improve the public and supplementary health systems. Originality/value – This is the first paper in that de technometric analisys of patents was used to solve a problem regarding the training of health professionals

On the structural mechanics of multi-layered subsea pipelines

During the 1990s the world-wide offshore industry has been increasingly developing oil and gas fields in deep water - classified here as generally above 300 metres (984 feet) water depth - often combined with production from reservoirs at higher temperatures. Subsea pipelines form an essential element of these developments and one of the limitations on deep water development has been the inability to provide large diameter conventional steel pipelines and risers capable of withstanding large external hydrostatic pressures. The work presented in this thesis investigates the performance of multi-layered pipe cross-sections for the required increase in hydrostatic pressure capacity and thermal insulation for such subsea pipelines. A fundamental investigation into the structural mechanics of such multi-layered pipes is presented with an emphasis on three principal issues - The mechanics of multi-layered pipe loading due to internal pressure, its collapse due to external pressure, and the behaviour of such pipe geometry when in a free submerged catenary configuration. Initially, the stresses induced by internal pressure have been investigated based on the Lame's equations. The results were compared with a finite element analysis and demonstrated good agreement. The stress distribution due to internal pressure was then investigated for a wide range of multi-layered pipe geometries and Young's Moduli of the core material. Comparisons are also presented with the stresses within equivalent single walled pipes. The much more complex external pressure problem was then addressed. The stability of a cylindrical multi-layered shell is a complex problem and in response to this, the investigation presented in this thesis followed a staged approach. Based on the previous work of Raville (1955), an elastic classic model was developed. Following this, using the concept of an elastic foundation, a new formulation was developed to derive critical external pressure loads. This work has been compared to that of Montague (1975) for critical external pressure based on two dimensional elastic plastic deformations up to maximum shear stress or Tresca failure theory. In addition, another approach for the elastic plastic model has been developed based on three dimensional Mises failure theory. A finite element analysis was then used to compare results from these different approaches for obtaining the critical external pressure. These four methods are used for a comparative investigation of collapse pressure predictions for a wide range of pipe geometries and Young's Moduli of the annular material. These comparisons give an indication of the applications of these methods and also give some insight into possible collapse mechanisms for multilayered pipes. This thesis also examines the performance of a multi-layered pipeline in an underwater catenary configuration and compares this to the performance of a single walled equivalent pipe. This was done by the development of an analytical catenary model aimed at optimising the catenary geometry around the two critical stress points of the catenary (the top connection at far position and touch down point at near position). The results demonstrated the significant improvement that multi-layered pipes could deliver for reductions in top tension and steel wall thickness when used in a catenary configuration. In overall terms, this work demonstrated that multi-layered subsea pipelines can provide a wide range of structural performance benefits both locally and globally. Locally, appropriate design and material selection can yield combinations of reduced steel volume and greater internal and external pressure capacity. In global terms, the buoyancy contribution from the thicker walls of multi-layered pipe will yield significant reductions in top tension when in a catenary configuration. This investigation has only examined a relatively narrow range of structural benefits of multi-layered pipes. Much further work needs to be done on local structural behaviour, internal layer bonds, on the internal damping of such pipes, and on the mechanics of the pipe segment connections