2,128 research outputs found

    Medición de campos magnéticos solares

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    The Leighton methods supplies with a bidimensional map of the longitudinal component of the magnetic field. The principles of this method are used for measuring fields in facular zones, using the line Fe 6302.5. Qualitatively good photos have been obtained, with a spacial resolution of 3" - 4".Asociación Argentina de Astronomí

    Medición de campos magnéticos solares

    Get PDF
    The Leighton methods supplies with a bidimensional map of the longitudinal component of the magnetic field. The principles of this method are used for measuring fields in facular zones, using the line Fe 6302.5. Qualitatively good photos have been obtained, with a spacial resolution of 3" - 4".Asociación Argentina de Astronomí

    Medición de campos magnéticos solares

    Get PDF
    The Leighton methods supplies with a bidimensional map of the longitudinal component of the magnetic field. The principles of this method are used for measuring fields in facular zones, using the line Fe 6302.5. Qualitatively good photos have been obtained, with a spacial resolution of 3" - 4".Asociación Argentina de Astronomí

    Avaliação integrada da poluição por metais tóxicos na cidade de Lisboa

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    Tese de doutoramento, Química (Química Analítica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2015Os metais contaminantes do ambiente, como o chumbo, o cádmio, o níquel e o crómio, são considerados tóxicos, uma vez que, em termos gerais, não participam no processo metabólico dos organismos vivos tendo como resultado a sua bioacumulação. Nesse sentido, torna-se imperativo quantificar e monitorizar a sua presença nos mais diversos ecossistemas, com particular destaque para o ambiente urbano. O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi estudar, de modo integrado, a poluição urbana por metais tóxicos (chumbo, crómio, cádmio e níquel) na cidade de Lisboa. Para a monitorização dos teores de metais analisados foram escolhidas matrizes ambientais como as folhas de choupos (Populus), os solos, o ar, a água da chuva e o pó-deestrada. O estudo envolveu a recolha anual, durante o período de 2003 a 2011 entre os meses de Outubro e Novembro, de amostras de solos e folhas de choupo. A recolha de amostras de pó-de-estrada e de partículas no ar foi realizada durante os períodos de Junho e Julho de 2008 e Janeiro e Fevereiro de 2009 e por fim a água da chuva foi recolhida no ano de 2011, durante os dias 26 e 27 de Outubro. Foram estudados diversos locais da cidade de Lisboa, escolhidos tendo em conta a sua topologia bem como as características habitacionais e de tráfego de cada um deles. Relativamente ao pó-de-estrada, água da chuva e partículas no ar, foram considerados dois pontos de recolha, junto às estações de Medição da Qualidade do Ar dos Olivais e da Avenida da Liberdade. A determinação do teor, nas amostras estudadas, dos metais em análise foi realizada por Espectrometria de Absorção Atómica com Câmara de Grafite (GFAAS), tendo sido necessário proceder à optimização das condições do espectrómetro e da câmara de grafite para esse efeito. Foi realizada uma caracterização prévia, das diferentes matrizes em análise, em termos de pH, condutividade eléctrica, humidade e teor de matéria orgânica. Os métodos de digestão de folhas de choupo, solos e pó-de-estrada foram validados com materiais de referência certificados. No caso da água da chuva, procedeu-se à contaminação de filtros de membrana de policarbonato com uma solução padrão para cada metal analisado, calculando-se, posteriormente, as suas taxas de recuperação. As calibrações foram validadas através de padrões de controlo das rectas, tendo sido determinados os limites de detecção e quantificação do método. Os resultados obtidos foram sujeitos a diversos tratamentos como a análise de componentes principais (PCA) e de correlações. Foram também estimadas as incertezas associadas aos teores de metais determinados, realizando-se de seguida uma análise integrada dos resultados. Uma vez que em Lisboa são quase inexistentes pólos industriais, o tráfego automóvel revelou-se como a principal fonte antropogénica de poluição. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os locais mais poluídos são a Calçada de Carriche, o Marquês de Pombal e a 2ª Circular devido à existência de maior intensidade de tráfego; no caso do Marquês de Pombal e da Calçada de Carriche outro factor que poderá ter influenciado foi a topologia dos locais (em vale) dificultando a dispersão dos poluentes. A existência de um perfil de tráfego automóvel designado por “Stop and Go” promove uma maior exigência térmica e mecânica dos veículos e, consequentemente, uma maior libertação de poluentes (como os metais tóxicos) para o meio ambiente.The environmental contaminating metals, such as lead, cadmium, nickel and chromium present a public health problem taking into account the way they interact with the human organism. These metals are considered to be toxic since, in general, they do not take part in the living organisms’ metabolic processes, thus resulting in their bioaccumulation. Therefore it is mandatory to monitor and quantify their presence of such metals in several ecosystems, in particular the urban environment. The main goal of this work relied on the integrated study of urban pollution by toxic metals (lead, chromium, cadmium and nickel) in the city of Lisbon. The monitorization of the studied metals was performed by using environmental matrices such as poplar leaves (Populus), soil, air, rain water and road dust. During the studied period, from 2003 to 2011, soil and poplar leaves were sampled every year, between October and November. Road dust and atmospheric particulate matter samples were collected in 2008, between June and July, and in 2009, between January and February, while rain water was sampled only in October of 2011. Several sites of the city were chosen for the present study, taking into consideration the local topology, housing profiles and traffic intensity. Two sampling sites were chosen, located near Olivais and Avenida da Liberdade Air Quality Measuring Stations in order to study road dust, rain water and air particulate matter. The determination of the studied metals content in all samples was performed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). The operating conditions of the spectrometer as well as the graphite furnace were optimized for each metal. The analysed samples were previously characterized in terms of pH, conductivity, humidity and organic matter content. The procedures considered for poplar leaves, soil and road dust digestion were validated using certified reference materials. Regarding rain water, the contamination of polycarbonate membranes used for samples filtration was performed using a standard solution of each metal and the corresponding recovery rates were evaluated. The calibrations were validated using quality control standards and the method’s limits of detection and quantification were determined. The obtained data were processed using several data treatment procedures such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Correlation Analysis. The uncertainties associated to the obtained metal concentrations were also estimated, followed by an integrated analysis of the results. Since industrial activity is almost inexistent in the city of Lisbon, the main anthropogenic source of pollution relies on automobile (car) traffic. The obtained results allowed one to conclude that Calçada de Carriche, Marquês de Pombal and 2ª Circular are the most polluted sites in Lisbon, mainly due to high traffic volume. On the other hand, Marquês de Pombal and Calçada de Carriche have a local valley shape topology, thus creating an additional limitation to pollutants dispersion, which may have significantly influenced the obtained results. A “Stop and Go” car traffic profile, characteristic of the city, promotes higher mechanical and thermal demands of the vehicles, thus leading to a more intense release of pollutants (as toxic metals) to the environment

    Supersymmetric Non-Abelian Born-Infeld Theory

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    Using the natural curvature invariants as building blocks in a superfield construction, we show that the use of a symmetric trace is mandatory if one is to reproduce the square root structure of the non-Abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld Lagrangian in the bosonic sector. We also discuss the BPS relations in connection with our supersymmetry construction.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, no figure

    Magnetotelluric Imaging of the Lithosphere Across the Variscan Orogen (Iberian Autochthonous Domain, NW Iberia)

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    A new magnetotelluric (MT) survey comprising 17 MT soundings throughout a 30 km long N30°W transect in the Iberian autochthons domain of NW Iberia (Central Iberian Zone) is presented. The 2-D inversion model shows the resistivity structure of the continental crust up to 10 km depth, heretofore unavailable for this region of the Variscan Orogen. The MT model reveals a wavy structure separating a conductive upper layer underlain by a resistive layer, thus picturing the two main tectonic blocks of a large-scale D2 extensional shear zone (i.e., Pinhel shear zone). The upper layer represents a lower grade metamorphic domain that includes graphite-rich rocks. The lower layer consists of high-grade metamorphic rocks that experienced partial melting and are associated with granites (more resistive) emplaced during crustal thinning. The wavy structure is the result of superimposed crustal shortening responsible for the development of large-scale D3 folds (e.g., Marofa synform), later deflected and refolded by a D4 strike-slip shear zone (i.e., Juzbado-Penalva do Castelo shear zone). The later contribution to the final structure of the crust is marked by the intrusion of postkinematic granitic rocks and the propagation of steeply dipping brittle fault zones. Our study demonstrates that MT imaging is a powerful tool to understand complex crustal structures of ancient orogens in order to design future prospecting surveys for mineral deposits of economic interest

    Exchange bias properties and surface spin freezing in magnetic nanoparticles

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    AbstractZFC and FC magnetization measurements versus field are carried out on manganese ferrite based nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 3.3 nm. The exchange bias field determined from the field shift of hysteresis loops, decreases as the cooling field increases. Magnetization measurements performed at constant applied field H as a function of temperature allows us to separate two H-dependent contributions. One is associated to the well ordered core which inflates as the field increases and the other is related to surface spins frozen in a disordered structure. The thermal dependence of this disordered surface contribution decreases exponentially with a freezing temperature Tf, which decreases as the applied field increases

    Curvas de secagem de sementes de milho utilizando o método intermitente

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    The objective of this work was the determination of the drying curve of corn seeds for different air temperatures during the intermittent drying process. Three lots of double hybrid AG-162 corn seeds and a D'Andrea dryer, model D-200, were utilized. Air temperatures of 70, 80 and 90°C, were used during the drying process. The following determinations were made: seed moisture content, air temperature at drying, seed temperature in drying roon and drier outled, air relative humidity and environment temperature. Considering the temperature of the drying processes at 70, 80 and 90°C and the reduction of moisture content from 16,5% to 13,0%, the following conclusions were obtained: a) corn seed drying curves in the intermittent drying process can be represented by linear functions; b) the increase of the drying speed and the reduction of total time of seed exposition to hot air can be achieved by temperature elevation of drying air.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar as curvas de secagem de sementes de milho, para diferentes temperaturas do ar, durante a secagem intermitente. Foram utilizados três lotes de sementes de milho do hibrido duplo AG-162 e um secador marca D'Andréa, modelo D-200. As temperaturas do ar de secagem empregadas foram de 70, 80 e 90°C. As seguintes determinações foram realizadas: teor de água das sementes, temperatura do ar de secagem, temperaturas da massa de sementes na câmara de secagem e na saída do secador, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura do ar ambiente. Considerando temperaturas do ar de secagem de 70, 80 e 90°C e reduções do teor de água de 16,5% para 13,0%, os resultados permitem as seguintes conclusões: a) as curvas de secagem de sementes de milho, utilizando o método intermitente, podem ser representadas por funções lineares, b) o aumento da velocidade de secagem e a redução do tempo total de exposição das sementes ao ar aquecido podem ser obtidos pela elevação da temperatura do ar de secagem
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