O MOVIMENTO COMO DISPOSITIVO DE PODER

O movimento, desde o século XII, vem sendo utilizado como um dispositivo de poder. O controle do gesto, espaço e tempo geram a normatização do corpo-individual e avança para o corpo-social. As instituições de ensino reproduzem essa ação coibindo o movimento de discentes e docentes. É necessário considerar que crianças e adolescentes se comunicam principalmente por meio do movimento. Este artigo propõe discutir os apontamentos em torno desse assunto para entender melhor a relevância da pesquisa em movimento

UMA PROPOSTA PARA PENSAR A INSERÇÃO DA DANÇA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA

Questions such as reflecting about the meaning of Dance in schools, which legitimate its insertion in educational context, and seeing Dance in schools as a driving language to the autonomous thinking and a teaching learning process booster have been in my career as professor and researcher. In proposing these questions, I intend to think about how to guarantee that all teachers have the right to Dance experience to its fullest as an area ofQuestões como refletir sobre o significado da Dança na escola que legitima a sua inserçãono contexto educacional e pensar a Dança na escola como linguagem propulsora do pensamento autônomo e potencializadora do processo ensino-aprendizagem, têm acompanhado a minha carreira como docente e pesquisadora. Ao propor estes questionamentos, intenciono, principalmente, pensar em como garantir a todos os discentes da educação básica o direito da vivência em dança, em sua plenitude, como área de conhecimento

CONTEXTO DA GESTANTE EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA: A REALIDADE NO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO BRANCO – ACRE

This study aimed to demonstrate the context of homeless pregnant women living in the municipality of Rio Branco – Acre. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach conducted with nine women who had children on the streets. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through Bardin's content analysis. Most of the participants were aged 25 to 29 years, with low schooling, single, of brown race/skin color, had lived on the streets for more than ten years and had had an average of one homeless child. The motivation for choosing the streets was the fact that they sought to have more freedom, in addition to the use of drugs and scarce economic conditions. None had undergone prenatal care because they felt ashamed of their condition and feared that they would not be attended. Most of the babies were born in a hospital setting and all were given up for adoption. For them, homeless pregnancy was very difficult, as they faced many difficulties such as lack of food, adequate clothing and a comfortable place to rest. The results point to the need to establish more consistent public policies in order to meet the needs of pregnant women living on the streets in the region.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo demostrar el contexto de las mujeres embarazadas sin hogar que viven en el municipio de Rio Branco – Acre. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo realizado con nueve mujeres que tenían hijos en la calle. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y analizados a través del análisis de contenido de Bardin. La mayoría de los participantes tenían entre 25 y 29 años, con baja escolaridad, solteros, de raza marrón / color de piel, habían vivido en las calles durante más de diez años y habían tenido un promedio de un niño sin hogar. La motivación para elegir las calles fue el hecho de que buscaban tener más libertad, además del uso de drogas y las escasas condiciones económicas. Ninguna había recibido atención prenatal porque se sentían avergonzadas de su condición y temían que no fueran atendidas. La mayoría de los bebés nacieron en un entorno hospitalario y todos fueron dados en adopción. Para ellas, el embarazo sin hogar fue muy difícil, ya que enfrentaron muchas dificultades, como la falta de alimentos, ropa adecuada y un lugar cómodo para descansar. Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de establecer políticas públicas más consistentes para satisfacer las necesidades de las mujeres embarazadas que viven en las calles de la región.Objetivou-se demostrar o contexto das gestantes em situação de rua residentes no municipio de  Rio Branco – Acre. Trata-se de um eestudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa realizado junto a nove mulheres que tiveram filhos em situação de rua. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados através da análise do conteúdo de Bardin. A maioria das participantes encontrava-se na faixa etária de 25 a 29 anos, com baixa escolaridade, solteiras, da raça/cor da pele parda, moravam nas ruas há mais de dez anos e haviam tido em média um filho em situação de rua. A motivação para a escolha das ruas  foi o fato de buscarem ter mais liberdade, além do uso de drogas e as condições econômicas escassas. Nenhuma  havia realizado o pré-natal por sentirem vergonha  de sua condição e receio que não fossem atendidas. A maioria dos bebês nasceu em ambiente hospitalar e todos foram entregues para adoção. Para elas a gravidez em situação de rua foi muito difícil, pois enfrentaram muitas dificuldades como a falta de alimentos, roupas adequadas e local confortável para descansar. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade da constituição de políticas públicas mais consistentes afim de atender as necessidades das gestantes em situação de rua na região.Objetivou-se demostrar o contexto das gestantes em situação de rua residentes no municipio de  Rio Branco – Acre. Trata-se de um eestudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa realizado junto a nove mulheres que tiveram filhos em situação de rua. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados através da análise do conteúdo de Bardin. A maioria das participantes encontrava-se na faixa etária de 25 a 29 anos, com baixa escolaridade, solteiras, da raça/cor da pele parda, moravam nas ruas há mais de dez anos e haviam tido em média um filho em situação de rua. A motivação para a escolha das ruas  foi o fato de buscarem ter mais liberdade, além do uso de drogas e as condições econômicas escassas. Nenhuma  havia realizado o pré-natal por sentirem vergonha  de sua condição e receio que não fossem atendidas. A maioria dos bebês nasceu em ambiente hospitalar e todos foram entregues para adoção. Para elas a gravidez em situação de rua foi muito difícil, pois enfrentaram muitas dificuldades como a falta de alimentos, roupas adequadas e local confortável para descansar. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade da constituição de políticas públicas mais consistentes afim de atender as necessidades das gestantes em situação de rua na região

Children’s and adolescents’ rising animal-source food intakes in 1990–2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.publishedVersio

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.publishedVersio

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a UK university identifies dynamics of transmission

AbstractUnderstanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission in higher education settings is important to limit spread between students, and into at-risk populations. In this study, we sequenced 482 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the University of Cambridge from 5 October to 6 December 2020. We perform a detailed phylogenetic comparison with 972 isolates from the surrounding community, complemented with epidemiological and contact tracing data, to determine transmission dynamics. We observe limited viral introductions into the university; the majority of student cases were linked to a single genetic cluster, likely following social gatherings at a venue outside the university. We identify considerable onward transmission associated with student accommodation and courses; this was effectively contained using local infection control measures and following a national lockdown. Transmission clusters were largely segregated within the university or the community. Our study highlights key determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and effective interventions in a higher education setting that will inform public health policy during pandemics.</jats:p

Mapping the risk for transmission of urban schistosomiasis in the Brazilian Northeast

Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Aggeu Magalhães Institute. Recife, PE, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Aggeu Magalhães Institute. Recife, PE, Brazil.Federal Institute of Science, Education and Technology of Paraíba. Department of Probability and Statistics. João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Aggeu Magalhães Institute. Recife, PE, Brazil.Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Aggeu Magalhães Institute. Recife, PE, Brazil.This is an analysis of the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in the city of Recife in the Northeast of Brazil based on the number of schistosomiasis cases (Schistosoma mansoni) registered for the period 2007-2017 together with data resulting from active search of breeding sites of the Biomphalaria snail intermediate host. The analyses were performed using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), SaTScan and Map Algebra methodology using human socio-demographic data and biotic and abiotic data from the snail breeding sites. Investigating 44 breeding sites resulted in a total of 3.800 snails, 31.8% of which were positive for S. mansoni DNA. These data were considered in relation to total of 652 schistosomiasis cases. The KDE showed two high-risk and two medium-risk clusters, while three significant clusters were identified by SaTScan. Combining these data with the Map Algebra methodology showed that all high-risk neighbourhoods had breeding sites with snails positive for S. mansoni. It was concluded that schistosomiasis transmission cannot be controlled without basic sanitation and sewage management in the presence of Biomphalaria snails. The technique of Map Algebra was found to be fundamental for the analysis and demonstration of areas with a high probability of schistosomiasis transmission