10 research outputs found
Ciencias de la Biología y Agronomía
Este volumen I contiene 17 capítulos arbitrados que se ocupan de estos asuntos en Tópicos Selectos de Ciencias de la Biología y Agronomía, elegidos de entre las contribuciones, reunimos algunos investigadores y estudiantes. Se presenta un Estudio Comparativo de los Recursos Hidrológico-Forestales de la Microcuenca de la Laguna de Epatlan, Pue. (1993 a 2014); la Situación Actual de la Mancha de Asfalto en Maíz (Zea mays L.) en los Municipios de Jiquipilas y Ocozocoautla, Chiapas, México; las poblaciones sobresalientes de maíz de la raza Zapalote Chico, en la Región Istmeña de Oaxaca; Se indica el índice de área foliar de cultivo de Chile Poblano mediante dos métodos en condiciones protegidas; Esquivel, Urzúa y Ramírez exploran el efecto de la biofertilización con Azospirillum en el crecimiento y producción de Jitomate; esbozan su artículo sobre la determinación del nivel de Heterosis en híbridos de Maíz para la Comarca Lagunera; una investigación sobre la estabilización de semilla de Solanum lycopersicum durante el almacenamiento y estimulación de la germinación; acotan sobre el CTAB como una nueva opción para la detección de Huanglongbing en cítricos, plantean su evaluación sobre el aluminio y cómo afecta la vida de florero de Heliconia psittacorum; indican sobre el impacto del H-564C, como un híbrido de maíz con alta calidad de proteina para el trópico húmedo de México; presetan su investigación sobre la producción de Piña Cayena Lisa y MD2 (Ananas comosus L.) en condiciones de Loma Bonita, en Oaxaca; acotan sobre el efecto de coberteras como control biológico por conservación contra áfidos en Nogal Pecanero; esbozan sobre la caracterización de cuatro genotipos de Frijol Negro en Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz, México; presentan una caracterización hidroecológica de la microcuenca de Arroyo Prieto, Yuriría, Gto., y alternativas para su restauración ambiental; presentan su investigación sobre el efecto del hongo Beauveria bassiana sobre solubilización de fosfatos y la disponibilidad de fósforo en el suelo; plantean su investigación sobre la Germinación y regeneración in vitro de Epidendrum falcatum LINDL; esbozan su artículo sobre genotipos de frijol negro y su tolerancia a sequía terminal en Veracruz, México
Agronomic behaviour and population densities of inbred lines to form maize hybrids for Mexican tropic
Improved seeds are the most important input in corn production, they represent the genetic yield potential and quality production. The objectives of this research were to know the behavior and seed productivity in maize inbred lines, which participate as parents in three-way hybrids. During spring summer season in 2017, there was carried out in Cotaxtla experimental station, INIFAP, in Veracruz, México, a factorial experiment arranged on split plots design distributed in complete blocks at random, with three replications in plots of one row 5 m long and 80 cm wide. There where evaluated 15 elite inbred lines as Small Plot (SP), with densities of 50,000 and 62,500 pl ha-1, as Big Plot (BP). There were registered treatments: Grain yield, days to tassel and silking, plant and ear height, plant and ear aspect and sanity, plant and ear number, lodging, bad husk cover and ear rot. For grain yield, there were found high signifficant differences for density (D) and lines (L) but there was no found statistical signifficance for interaction DxL. The best yield for lines were: LT160, LT173 and LT166, with 5219, 4225 and 4213 kg ha-1, for each one, respectively; Density of 62,500 pl ha-1, registered grain yield of 3154 kg ha-1, 29% more than 50,000 pl ha-1.</jats:p
Yield and stability in synthetic maize varieties for the humid tropic in Mexico
Synthetic maize varieties present advantages in adaptability, they can be used for several planting seasons, without affecting the yield and is easier the seed production. Thus, with the main objective of knowing the yield and agronomic traits of synthetic maize varieties for the tropic, during 2013 to 2018 there was conducted an experiment in Cotaxtla and Carlos A. Carrillo in Veracruz and Huimanguillo in Tabasco state locations. The experiment was distributed in complete blocks at random design with 21 entries and three replications in plots of two rows 5m long and 62,500 pl ha-1. The agronomic traits were: Grain yield, days to tassel and silking, plant and ear aspect and sanity, lodging, bad husk cover and ear rot. From the combined analysis for yield, there was found high significant differences for Varieties (V), For environments (E), and for the interaction VxE, and a coefficient of variation of 16.20%. The Carlos A. Carrillo, Ver., location in 2016B, recorded the highest yield with 6.94 t ha-1. The best five synthetics at 0.05 of probability were: VS-536, Synthetic 2B, Synthetic 5B, Synthetic 2C and Synthetic 11C.</jats:p
TROPICAL CORN (Zea mays L) GENOTYPES WITH HIGH YIELD AND TOLERANCE TO CORN STUNT DISEASE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO REGION
In the humid tropic of México, there are planted 2.5 million hectares of corn with yield of 2.0 tons per hectare. In this area the corn stunt disease has caused damages greater than 25 % in commercial planting in Yucatán and Veracruz states and the coast region of the Gulf. The objectives of this research were to know the yield and agronomic characteristics of tropical corn genotypes and to identify those well adapted and tolerant to corn stunt disease, Thus, during the spring summer season in 2005/05, there were carried out experiments of maize genotypes, in MedellÃn de Bravo, Tlalixcoyan and Ignacio de la Llave in Veracruz State, under a randomized complete block design with 10 entries and two replications in plots of eight rows 10 m long and 80 cm wide, for getting 62 500 plants ha-1. The agronomic traits registered were: grain yield, percentage of damaged plants and ears for corn stunt and severity of damage. From the combined analysis for all traits registered, there were found high significant differences for genotypes (G) and locations (L). For interaction GxL, except for percentage of damaged plants, there were found high significant differences for the others traits. The genotypes that had the best yield, agronomic characteristics and tolerance to corn stunt were: H-520, H-513, H-518 and C-343
INTERACCIÓN GENOTIPO–AMBIENTE DE VARIEDADES TROPICALES DE MAÍZ DESARROLLADOS PARA LA REGIÓN TROPICAL DE VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
In the humid tropics of Mexico, improved maize (Zea mays L.) varieties with favorable agronomic characteristics and protein quality are required. Synthetic maize varieties are an affordable alternative because farmers do not need to buy seed each year and are suitable for temporary agriculture. In order to identify maize synthetics with good yield and less interaction genotype environment (G × A), eight maize varieties were planted in four environments during 2009, 2010 and 2011 in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The experimental design was of complete random blocks with two replicates. The interaction G × A was estimated with the principal additive effects model and multiplicative interaction (AMMI). The results showed that the first two main components (PCA) of the AMMI model were not significant (P≥0.05); However, contributed cumulatively with 73% of the total variation. The variance due to environments was higher than due to genotypic differences. The AMMI model allowed us to group the environments into two relatively homogeneous groups: one consisting of the E2 and E3 environments and the other E1 and E4 environments. The biplot technique was used to identify varieties for general or specific adaptability. In conclusion, there were differential responses between synthetic maize varieties in the evaluated environments. Little association was found between higher yielding varieties and more productive environments. The most productive genotypes identified may be subject to further improvement to obtain a superior cultivar or implement strategies to encourage the development of better hybrids.En el trópico húmedo de México se requieren variedades mejoradas de maíz (Zea mays L.) con características agronómicas favorables y de calidad proteínica. Las variedades sintéticas de maíz son una alternativa accesible, porque los agricultores no requieren comprar semilla cada año y son adecuadas para la agricultura de temporal. Con el objetivo de identificar sintéticos de maíz con buen rendimiento y menor interacción genotipoambiente (G×A), se sembraron ocho variedades de maíz en cuatro ambientes, durante 2009, 2010 y 2011 en el estado de Veracruz, México. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con dos repeticiones. La interacción G×A se estimó con el modelo de efectos principales aditivos e interacción multiplicativa (AMMI). Los resultados mostraron que los dos primeros componentes principales (ACP) del modelo AMMI no fueron significativos (P≥0,05); sin embargo, contribuyeron acumulativamente con 73% de la variación total. La varianza debido a ambientes fue mayor que debido a las diferencias genotípicas. El modelo AMMI permitió agrupar los ambientes en dos grupos relativamente homogéneos: uno formado por los ambientes E2 y E3 y otro por E1 y E4. La técnica de biplot fue usada para identificar variedades para adaptabilidad general o específica. En conclusión, hubo respuestas diferenciales entre variedades sintéticas de maíz en los ambientes evaluados. Se detectó poca asociación entre las variedades de mayor rendimiento y los ambientes más productivos. Los genotipos más productivos identificados pueden ser objeto de mejoramiento adicional para obtener un cultivar superior o implementar estrategias para impulsar el desarrollo de mejores híbridos
Identification of Tropical Maize Germplasm with Tolerance to Drought, Nitrogen Deficiency, and Combined Heat and Drought Stresses
Rendimiento de híbridos androestériles y fértiles de maíz en dos localidades en Valles Altos de México
In this paper five trilinear maize hybrids (H-53 AE1, AE2 H-53, H-47 AER1, Aer2 H-47, H-48 AE1) were evaluated in male-sterile and fertile in two locations of Valles Altos. The aim was to define the productive capacity of each. The research was conducted in the spring 2010 cycle, in the Experimental Field Valle de Mexico (CEVAMEX) and the Faculty of Higher Cuautitlán (FESC). The treatments in the study were: the trilinear hybrids, the male sterile and fertile versions and two locations. Statistical analysis was carried out as factorial factors considering hybrids, male sterility/fertility, locations and interactions. To yield significant differences were observed for locations as well as hybrids, but not for the male sterility/fertility factor. It was concluded that the town FESC (9 340 kg ha-1) was higher than the average of CEVAMEX (7 141 kg ha-1). The highest yield was obtained with the hybrid H-53AE1 with 9226 and the lowest was AE1 H-48 (7 617 kg ha-1). It was found that the mean of the male sterile version, considering all genotypes and both localities exhibited a yield of 8 498 kg ha-1, statistically similar to the performance of the fertile version (7 983 kg ha-1).n este trabajo se evaluaron cinco híbridos trilineales de maíz (H-53 AE1, H-53 AE2, H-47 AER1, H-47 AER2, H-48 AE1), en sus versiones androestéril y fértil, en dos localidades de Valles Altos. El objetivo fue definir la capacidad productiva de cada uno. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el ciclo primavera verano 2010, en el Campo Experimental Valle de México (CEVAMEX) y en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán (FESC). Los tratamientos en el estudio fueron: los híbridos trilineales, las versiones androestéril y fértil y las dos localidades. El análisis estadístico se efectuó en forma factorial considerando los factores híbridos, androesterilidad/ fertilidad, localidades y las interacciones. Para rendimiento se observaron diferencias significativas para localidades, así como para híbridos, pero no para el factor androesterilidad/ fertilidad. Se concluyó que la localidad FESC (9 340 kg ha-1), fue superior a la media del CEVAMEX (7 141 kg ha-1). El mayor rendimiento se obtuvo con el híbrido H-53AE1, con 9 226 y el menor fue H-48 AE1 (7 617 kg ha1 ). Se encontró que la media de la versión androesteril, considerando todos los genotipos y las dos localidades, exhibió un rendimiento de 8 498 kg ha-1, similar estadísticamente al rendimiento de la versión fértil (7 983 kg ha-1