IOT BASED AUTOMATED MOBILE BOARD SIGN FOR TOURISM ATTRACTION

This study will design an automated mobile board sign that will capable of following a designed path in a tourist attraction that are indoor. This board sign is different from the regular board sign. It can move in specific places as well as on specific routes. This is because the two IR sensors are used to determine if the robot is in track with a line or not. In this way, people are more likely to pay attention to the board sign. People also save time looking around for traditional board sign. The mobile function also increases the visitors on walking have the opportunity to view the information from the automated mobile board. In addition, the visitors can view through the display screen and know the information about the specific place. The automated mobile board sign also will stop when detecting the obstacles

Effect of subsurface and surface tillage on structure and permeability of Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils over two years

Non-Peer ReviewedExcessive compaction in wet Chernozemic soils induced by field traffic may adversely alter soil structure, inhibit soil aeration, restrict water infiltration and nutrient uptake, and inhibit plant root development, affecting plant yields. Subsoiling at depth may be a solution to improve soil physical conditions in compacted Chernozemic and naturally dense Solonetzic (sodium affected) subsoils. On the other hand, vertical tillage implements may be used to manage residue and alter soil physical conditions mainly at the soil surface. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subsurface and surface tillage on soil physical properties and plant yield in wheel traffic compacted and non-compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils in southern Saskatchewan. Subsoiling increased air permeability. In the Chernozemic soil, the subsoiling treatments increased air permeability to 2.9x10-6 m sec-1 from 4.5x10-7 m sec-1. I n the Solonetzic soil, subsoiling decreased soil strength to 1579 KPa compared to 2376 KPa in the non-subsoiled treatment. Vertical tillage in the Chernozemic soil tended to decrease water infiltration and air permeability compared to the un-tilled soil which may be explained by an increase in the number of fine pores. Crop yields (wheat, canola, and peas) were not significantly affected by tillage except for sub-soiling of the compacted Solonetzic soil, which resulted in a seed yield increase of canola of ~ 1000 kg ha-1. Wheat and peas yields were not significantly affected by vertical tillage treatment. Overall, subsoiling of the compacted soils tended to have a greater influence on soil physical properties than vertical tillage

Subsurface tillage effects on soil strength and crop yield

Non-Peer Reviewe

Effect of subsurface and surface tillage on structure and permeability of Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils

Non-Peer Reviewe

Effect of subsurface and surface tillage on structure and permeability of Solonetzic and Chernozemic soils over two years

Non-Peer Reviewe

Effect of subsoiling on soil properties and crop yield in a Solonetzic soil

Non-Peer Reviewe

Effect of subsoiling on strength of a Chernozemic soil

Non-Peer Reviewe

A Tale of Two Animats: What does it take to have goals?

What does it take for a system, biological or not, to have goals? Here, this question is approached in the context of in silico artificial evolution. By examining the informational and causal properties of artificial organisms ('animats') controlled by small, adaptive neural networks (Markov Brains), this essay discusses necessary requirements for intrinsic information, autonomy, and meaning. The focus lies on comparing two types of Markov Brains that evolved in the same simple environment: one with purely feedforward connections between its elements, the other with an integrated set of elements that causally constrain each other. While both types of brains 'process' information about their environment and are equally fit, only the integrated one forms a causally autonomous entity above a background of external influences. This suggests that to assess whether goals are meaningful for a system itself, it is important to understand what the system is, rather than what it does.Comment: This article is a contribution to the FQXi 2016-2017 essay contest "Wandering Towards a Goal

Measuring the beaming angle of GRB 030329 by fitting the rebrightenings in its multiband afterglow

Multiple rebrightenings have been observed in the multiband afterglow of GRB 030329. Especially, a marked and quick rebrightening occurred at about t ~ 1.2 * 10^5 s. Energy injection from late and slow shells seems to be the best interpretation for these rebrightenings. Usually it is assumed that the energy is injected into the whole external shock. However, in the case of GRB 030329, the rebrightenings are so quick that the usual consideration fails to give a satisfactory fit to the observed light curves. Actually, since these late/slow shells coast freely in the wake of the external shock, they should be cold and may not expand laterally. The energy injection then should only occur at the central region of the external shock. Considering this effect, we numerically re-fit the quick rebrightenings observed in GRB 030329. By doing this, we were able to derive the beaming angle of the energy injection process. Our result, with a relative residual of only 5% - 10% during the major rebrightening, is better than any previous modeling. The derived energy injection angle is about 0.035. We assume that these late shells are ejected by the central engine via the same mechanism as those early shells that produce the prompt gamma-ray burst. The main difference is that their velocities are much slower, so that they catch up with the external shock very lately and manifest as the observed quick rebrightenings. If this were true, then the derived energy injection angle can give a good measure of the beaming angle of the prompt gamma-ray emission. Our study may hopefully provide a novel method to measure the beaming angle of gamma-ray bursts.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Has been accepted by RAA (Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Predictive value of HFA-PEFF score in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

HFA-PEFF score has been proposed for diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Currently, there are only a limited number of tools for predicting the prognosis. In this study, we evaluated whether the HFA-PEFF score can predict mortality in patients with HFpEF. This single-center, retrospective observational study enrolled patients diagnosed with HFpEF at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University between January 1, 2015, and April 30, 2018. The subjects were divided according to their HFA-PEFF score into low (0-2 points), intermediate (3-4 points), and high (5-6 points) score groups. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. A total of 358 patients (mean age: 70.21 ± 8.64 years, 58.1% female) were included. Of these, 63 (17.6%), 156 (43.6%), and 139 (38.8%) were classified into the low, intermediate, and high score groups, respectively. Over a mean follow-up of 26.9 months, 46 patients (12.8%) died. The percentage of patients who died in the low, intermediate, and high score groups were 1 (1.6%), 18 (11.5%), and 27 (19.4%), respectively. A multivariate Cox regression identified HFA-PEFF score as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio ( ):1.314, 95% : 1.013-1.705, = 0.039]. A Cox analysis demonstrated a significantly higher rate of mortality in the intermediate ( : 4.912, 95% 1.154-20.907, = 0.031) and high score groups ( : 5.291, 95% : 1.239-22.593, = 0.024) than the low score group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the HFA-PEFF score can effectively predict all-cause mortality after adjusting for age and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class [area under the curve (AUC) 0.726, 95% 0.651-0.800, = 0.000]. With an HFA-PEFF score cut-off value of 3.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.3 and 54.8%, respectively. The AUC on ROC analysis for the biomarker component of the score was similar to that of the total score. The HFA-PEFF score can be used both to diagnose HFpEF and predict the prognosis. The higher scores are associated with higher all-cause mortality. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2021 Sun, Si, Li, Dai, King, Zhang, Zhang, Xia, Tse and Liu.