An implementation of optimal control methods (LQI, LQG, LTR) for geostationary satellite attitude control

This paper investigates a new strategy for geostationary satellite attitude control using Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG), Loop Transfer Recovery (LTR), and Linear Quadratic Integral (LQI) control techniques. The sub-system satellite attitude determination and control of a geostationary satellite in the presence of external disturbances, the dynamic model of sub-satellite motion is firstly established by Euler equations. During the flight mission at 35000 Km attitude, the stability characteristics of attitude motion are analyzed with a large margin error of pointing, then a height performance-order LQI, LQG and LTR attitude controller are proposed to achieve stable control of the sub-satellite attitude, which dynamic model is linearized by using feedback linearization method. Finally, validity of the LTR order controller and the advantages over an integer order controller are examined by numerical simulation. Comparing with the corresponding integer order controller (LQI, LQG), numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed sub-satellite attitude controller based on LTR order can not only stabilize the sub-satellite attitude, but also respond faster with smaller overshoot.

Pengaruh Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Minat Kuliah Di Politeknik Indonusa Surakarta

Politeknik Indonusa Surakarta merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang sedang berkembang dan mulai mendapat perhatian yang baik dari masyarakat. Banyak program-program yang diciptakan oleh kompetitor-kompetitor serta makin tumbuhnya lembaga pendidikan baru di Surakarta. Hal ini tentu akan meningkatkan persaingan untuk mendapatkan konsumen (mahasiswa) dan mengakibatkan dampak pada naik turunnya minat pendaftar di Politeknik Indonusa Surakarta. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh variabel bauran pemasaran terhadap minat kuliah di Politeknik Indonusa Surakarta. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah para mahasiswa tahun 2011-2012 Politeknik Indonusa Surakarta yang berjumlah 200 mahasiswa, jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 70 responden. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa variabel produk, harga dan personel berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat kuliah. Sedangkan variabel distribusi, promosi dan kondisi fisik tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat kuliah. Variabel personel merupakan variabel yang dominan pengaruhnya terhadap minat kulia

EKSTERIOR DAN INTERIOR MASJID AL - JABBAR BANDUNG DALAM FOTOGRAFI ARSITEKTUR Farid Hidayat:186020018

Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini berkaitan dengan peran Fotografi Arsitektur dalam memvisualisasikan interior dan eksterior masjid Al-Jabbar Bandung. Tujuan tugas akhir ini ialah untuk mengetahui apakah fotografi arsiterktur dapat memvisualkan masjid Al-Jabbar Bandung dengan nilai-nilai yang ada di dalamnya. Melalui media ini, penelitian ingin memperkenalkan lebih akan arsitektur kepada seluruh masyarakat indonesia khususnya bagi masyarakat kota Bandung, dengan memvisualkan interior dan eksterior masjid Al-Jabbar Bandungmenjadi sebuah karya Fotografi Arsitektur. Bertujuan untuk memperluas wawasan Fotografi Arsitektur agar lebih diketahui banyak orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, agar lebih menggambarkan keunikan dan seni mengenai Fotografi Arsitektur di masjid Al-Jabbar Bandung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, observasi,wawancara,dan dokumentasi. Pembuatan karya dimulai dengan pemilihan alat-alat kebutuhan photoshoot, lokasi tempat pemotretan, penataan pencahayaan, proses pemotretan dan olah digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Fotografi Arsitektur dapat berperan dalam memvisualisasikan interior dan eskterior masjid Al-Jabbar di Kota Bandung. Kata kunci: arsitektur, Fotografi Arsitektur, bangunan, interior eksterio

Pengaruh Religiusitas, Teknologi Informasi, Remunerasi, dan Penilaian Kinerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai (Survei pada Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara se-Solo Raya dalam Masa Pandemi COVID-19)

This study aims to analyze the influence of religiosity, information technology, remuneration, and performance appraisals on employee performance. The research sample consisted of 88 respondents. The sampling technique was carried out by total sampling. In this study, the data analysis used was Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that 1) religiosity has a significant effect on employee performance, 2) technology has a significant effect on employee performance, 3) remuneration has a significant effect on employee performance, 4) performance appraisal has a significant effect on employee performance

Modulation of endogenous antioxidant defense and the progression of kidney disease in multi-heritage groups of patients with type 2 diabetes: PRospective EValuation of Early Nephropathy and its Treatment (PREVENT).

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is the western world's leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Glucose-dependent, oxidative stress is linked to the development of renal inflammation and sclerosis, which, in animal models of diabetes, can be prevented by anti-oxidative treatment. Patients of non-Caucasian heritage have low activity of the selenoprotein, antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and its co-factor vitamin E, which may be linked to their increased propensity to developing end-stage renal disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We have designed a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study with selenium and/or vitamin E versus placebo as the interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1-3. A 2 × 2 factorial design will allow a balanced representation of the heritage groups exposed to each intervention. The primary biochemical outcome is change in GPx activity, and clinical outcome measure is the actual, rate of-and/or percentage change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline. Analysis will be with a marginal model for longitudinal data using Generalized Estimating Equations corrected for measures of baseline serum antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, superoxide dismutase and catalase), micronutrient levels (vitamins E and C), measures of inflammation (interleukin 6, c-reactive protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and markers of oxidative damage (plasma 8-isoprostaglandin F2α and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine). EXPECTED RESULTS: The study will assess the relationship between GPx activity, oxidative stress, inflammation and eGFR. It will test the null hypothesis that antioxidant therapy does not influence the activity of GPx or other antioxidant enzymes and/or alter the rate of change in eGFR in these patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome data on the effect of antioxidants in human diabetic renal disease is limited. Previous post hoc analyses have not shown a beneficial effect of vitamin E on renal function. A recent trial of a pharmaceutical antioxidant agent, improved eGFR, but in patients with advanced diabetes-related chronic kidney disease its use was associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. We will explore whether the nutritional antioxidants, vitamin E and selenium alone, or in combination in patients at high risk of renal disease progression, forestalls a reduction in eGFR. The study will describe whether endogenous antioxidant enzyme defenses can be safely modified by this intervention and how this is associated with changes in markers of oxidative stress. Trial registration ISRCTN 97358113. Registered 21st September 2009

How absolute is zero? An evaluation of historical and current definitions of malaria elimination

Decisions to eliminate malaria from all or part of a country involve a complex set of factors, and this complexity is compounded by ambiguity surrounding some of the key terminology, most notably "control" and "elimination." It is impossible to forecast resource and operational requirements accurately if endpoints have not been defined clearly, yet even during the Global Malaria Eradication Program, debate raged over the precise definition of "eradication." Analogous deliberations regarding the meaning of "elimination" and "control" are basically nonexistent today despite these terms' core importance to programme planning. To advance the contemporary debate about these issues, this paper presents a historical review of commonly used terms, including control, elimination, and eradication, to help contextualize current understanding of these concepts. The review has been supported by analysis of the underlying mathematical concepts on which these definitions are based through simple branching process models that describe the proliferation of malaria cases following importation. Through this analysis, the importance of pragmatic definitions that are useful for providing malaria control and elimination programmes with a practical set of strategic milestones is emphasized, and it is argued that current conceptions of elimination in particular fail to achieve these requirements. To provide all countries with precise targets, new conceptual definitions are suggested to more precisely describe the old goals of "control" - here more exactly named "controlled low-endemic malaria" - and "elimination." Additionally, it is argued that a third state, called "controlled non-endemic malaria," is required to describe the epidemiological condition in which endemic transmission has been interrupted, but malaria resulting from onwards transmission from imported infections continues to occur at a sufficiently high level that elimination has not been achieved. Finally, guidelines are discussed for deriving the separate operational definitions and metrics that will be required to make these concepts relevant, measurable, and achievable for a particular environment

Entomological aspects and the role of human behaviour in malaria transmission in a highland region of the Republic of Yemen

© 2016 Al-Eryani et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article

The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in Africa, Europe and the Middle East: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This is the second in a series of three articles documenting the geographical distribution of 41 dominant vector species (DVS) of human malaria. The first paper addressed the DVS of the Americas and the third will consider those of the Asian Pacific Region. Here, the DVS of Africa, Europe and the Middle East are discussed. The continent of Africa experiences the bulk of the global malaria burden due in part to the presence of the <it>An. gambiae </it>complex. <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>is one of four DVS within the <it>An. gambiae </it>complex, the others being <it>An. arabiensis </it>and the coastal <it>An. merus </it>and <it>An. melas</it>. There are a further three, highly anthropophilic DVS in Africa, <it>An. funestus</it>, <it>An. moucheti </it>and <it>An. nili</it>. Conversely, across Europe and the Middle East, malaria transmission is low and frequently absent, despite the presence of six DVS. To help control malaria in Africa and the Middle East, or to identify the risk of its re-emergence in Europe, the contemporary distribution and bionomics of the relevant DVS are needed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A contemporary database of occurrence data, compiled from the formal literature and other relevant resources, resulted in the collation of information for seven DVS from 44 countries in Africa containing 4234 geo-referenced, independent sites. In Europe and the Middle East, six DVS were identified from 2784 geo-referenced sites across 49 countries. These occurrence data were combined with expert opinion ranges and a suite of environmental and climatic variables of relevance to anopheline ecology to produce predictive distribution maps using the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) method.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The predicted geographic extent for the following DVS (or species/suspected species complex*) is provided for Africa: <it>Anopheles </it>(<it>Cellia</it>) <it>arabiensis</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Cel.</it>) <it>funestus*</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Cel.</it>) <it>gambiae</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Cel.</it>) <it>melas</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Cel.</it>) <it>merus</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Cel.</it>) <it>moucheti </it>and <it>An. </it>(<it>Cel.</it>) <it>nili*</it>, and in the European and Middle Eastern Region: <it>An. </it>(<it>Anopheles</it>) <it>atroparvus</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Ano.</it>) <it>labranchiae</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Ano.</it>) <it>messeae</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Ano.</it>) <it>sacharovi</it>, <it>An. </it>(<it>Cel.</it>) <it>sergentii </it>and <it>An. </it>(<it>Cel.</it>) <it>superpictus*</it>. These maps are presented alongside a bionomics summary for each species relevant to its control.</p