Application of the CINGEN program a thermal network data generator

The application of the CINGEN computer program and two of its supporting programs for the evaluation of structural and thermal performance of physical systems was described. The CINGEN program was written and implemented to avoid the duplication effort of performing a finite element approach for structural analysis and a finite differencing technique for thermal analysis, as well as the desire for a geometrical representation of the thermal model to reduce modeling errors. The program simplifies the thermal modeling process by performing all of the capacitance and conductance calculations normally done by the analyst. Each solid element is divided into five tetrahedrons, allowing the total volume to be calculated precisely. A sample problem was illustrated

On normed Jordan algebras which are Banach dual spaces

AbstractAlfsen, Shultz, and Størmer have defined a class of normed Jordan algebras called JB-algebras, which are closely related to Jordan algebras of self-adjoint operators. We show that the enveloping algebra of a JB-algebra can be identified with its bidual. This is used to show that a JB-algebra is a dual space iff it is monotone complete and admits a separating set of normal states; in this case the predual is unique and consists of all normal linear functionals. Such JB-algebras (“JBW-algebras”) admit a unique decomposition into special and purely exceptional summands. The special part is isomorphic to a weakly closed Jordan algebra of self-adjoint operators. The purely exceptional part is isomorphic to C(X, M38) (the continuous functions from X into M38)

Radar backscattering data for surfaces of geological interest

Radar backscattering data for surfaces of geological interes

The Mutual Interpretation of Active and Passive Microwave Sensor Outputs

Mutual interpretation of active and passive microwave sensor output

Science, Math, Social Studies, and Language Arts Achievement of High School Students in Complete Programs of Agriscience Education

The purpose of this descriptive and comparative study was to describe the academic achievement of FFA (Future Farmers of America) members in a complete program of agriscience at Jackson County Comprehensive High School (JCCHS). A secondary purpose was to compare science, math, social studies, and language arts achievement of senior agriscience students/FFA members to the achievement of all seniors at JCCHS. The findings indicate that senior agriscience students/FFA members had a higher percentage of students achieving at the highest level (Pass Plus) of Language Arts on the GHSGT (Georgia High School Graduation Test) than the remaining student population at JCCHS. Senior agriscience students/FFA members also had a higher passing rate in comparison to all seniors at JCCHS on the social studies portion of the standardized test. The researchers postulate that further research needs to be conducted to identify the correlations between agriscience participation and performance on language arts and social studies standardized tests – areas where little or no research has been conducted. The researchers also recommend that other public school systems perform similar studies to determine the impact of secondary agriscience programs on student performance

Criteria for Approximating Certain Microgravity Flow Boiling Characteristics in Earth Gravity

The forces governing flow boiling, aside from system pressure, are buoyancy, liquid momentum, interfacial surface tensions, and liquid viscosity. Guidance for approximating certain aspects of the flow boiling process in microgravity can be obtained in Earth gravity research by the imposition of a liquid velocity parallel to a flat heater surface in the inverted position, horizontal, or nearly horizontal, by having buoyancy hold the heated liquid and vapor formed close to the heater surface. Bounds on the velocities of interest are obtained from several dimensionless numbers: a two-phase Richardson number, a two-phase Weber number, and a Bond number. For the fluid used in the experimental work here, liquid velocities in the range U = 5-10cm/sec are judged to be critical for changes in behavior of the flow boiling process. Experimental results are presented for flow boiling heat transfer, concentrating on orientations that provide the largest reductions in buoyancy parallel to the heater surface, varying ±5 degrees from facing horizontal downward. Results are presented for velocity, orientation, and subcooling effects on nucleation, dryout, and heat transfer. Two different heater surfaces were used: a thin gold film on a polished quartz substrate, acting as a heater and resistance thermometer, and a gold-plated copper heater. Both transient and steady measurements of surface heat flux and superheat were made with the quartz heater; only steady measurements were possible with the copper heater. R-113 was the fluid used; the velocity varied over the interval 4-16cm/sec; bulk liquid subcooling varied over 2-20°C; heat flux varied over 4-8W/cm 2 .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73628/1/j.1749-6632.2002.tb05926.x.pd

One parameter control of the size of iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized in reverse micelles

Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via reverse micelle methods. The initial iron concentration was varied, while maintaining all other parameters constant, in order to investigate the effect of the iron concentration on the resultant iron oxide nanoparticle size. Increasing the iron concentration from 0.125M to 0.5M yielded an increase in average nanoparticle diameter from 4.71 to 7.95 nm, as measured by transmission electron microscopy. Three other concentrations between 0.125M and 0.5M showed corresponding size variations, all with statistical significance. Magnetic characterization by vibrating sample magnetometry and powder x-ray diffraction was performed to verify proper phase and material. Further insight into the reverse micelle method was acquired along with the ability to tune the nanoparticle size

Spin transition in Gd3_3N@C80_{80}, detected by low-temperature on-chip SQUID technique

We present a magnetic study of the Gd$_3$N@C$_{80}$ molecule, consisting of a Gd-trimer via a Nitrogen atom, encapsulated in a C$_{80}$ cage. This molecular system can be an efficient contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) applications. We used a low-temperature technique able to detect small magnetic signals by placing the sample in the vicinity of an on-chip SQUID. The technique implemented at NHMFL has the particularity to operate in high magnetic fields of up to 7 T. The Gd$_3$N@C$_{80}$ shows a paramagnetic behavior and we find a spin transition of the Gd$_3$N structure at 1.2 K. We perform quantum mechanical simulations, which indicate that one of the Gd ions changes from a $^8S_{7/2}$ state ($L=0, S=7/2$) to a $^7F_{6}$ state ($L=S=3, J=6$), likely due to a charge transfer between the C$_{80}$ cage and the ion

Model Development Using Data from Germany and a Mixed-Methods Research Strategy

A pattern found in many marketing systems, “male breadwinning,” is contingent upon overlapping and shared ideologies, which influence the economic organization and thus the type and number of relationships in those systems. Implementing a mixed-methods research methodology, this article continues and extends previous work in macromarketing on the interplay of markets, ideology, socio-economic organization, and family. A qualitative study illuminated the main ideologies behind male breadwinning and a model was developed to advance the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of male breadwinning. An experiment in the form of a vignette study was subsequently designed and administered. The qualitative study and the vignette study both show ideologies interact in the way individuals make sense of them or allow them to influence their decisions. The results have implications for the way families and markets are organized, such as the supply of labor of men and women and the offerings of care-related public and private services in a broader marketing system

Impacts of Invasive Plants on Sandhill Crane (\u3ci\u3eGrus canadensis\u3c/i\u3e) Roosting Habitat

Invasive plants continue to spread in riparian ecosystems, causing both ecological and economic damage. This research investigated the impacts of common reed, purple loosestrife, riparian shrubland, and riparian woodlands on the quality and quantity of sandhill crane roosting habitat in the central Platte River, Nebraska, using a discrete choice model. A more detailed investigation of the impacts of common reed on sandhill crane roosting habitat was performed by forecasting a spread or contraction of this invasive plant. The discrete choice model indicates that riparian woodlands had the largest negative impact on sandhill crane roosting habitat. The forecasting results predict that a contraction of common reed could increase sandhill crane habitat availability by 50%, whereas an expansion could reduce the availability by as much as 250%. This suggests that if the distribution of common reed continues to expand in the central Platte River the availability of sandhill crane roosting habitat would likely be greatly reduced