The application of the CINGEN computer program and two of its supporting programs for the evaluation of structural and thermal performance of physical systems was described. The CINGEN program was written and implemented to avoid the duplication effort of performing a finite element approach for structural analysis and a finite differencing technique for thermal analysis, as well as the desire for a geometrical representation of the thermal model to reduce modeling errors. The program simplifies the thermal modeling process by performing all of the capacitance and conductance calculations normally done by the analyst. Each solid element is divided into five tetrahedrons, allowing the total volume to be calculated precisely. A sample problem was illustrated

Schmitz, R. P.

Shultz, W. E.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

APPLICATION OF THE CINGEN PROGRAM
A THERMAL NETWORK DATA GENERATOR
William E Schultz and Ronald P. Schmitz
Sperry Support Services
INTRODUCTION
Since the introduction of the digital computer, analytical simulation of
complex physical systems has become a major vocational entity. Although
computer speed now makes formerly impossible solutions easily accessible, there
is rarely enough lead time between design and fabrication to do a thorough
computer analysis. Sperry Support Services engineers have increased their
efficiency in analysis of thermal and structural systems by developing computer
programs which automatically develop the necessary data for computer simulation
and provide visual output to aid the analyst in verification of the model. The
primary program for discussion in this paper is entitled CINGEN (Ref. 1), a
contraction of CINDA data GENerator, after the CINDA thermal analysis program
(Ref. 2). Supporting programs, COON3D (Ref. 3) and GEOMPLT (Ref. 4) developed
for structural analysis and adapted for use with CINGEN, will also be discussed.
CINGEN TECHNIQUE
Present state-of-the-art mathematical modeling techniques for evaluation of
structural and thermal performance of physical systems are distinctly different.
The leading method for structural analysis is the finite element approach. The
finite differencing technique is most frequently used for thermal analysis.
Although thermal problems can be solved by finite element analysis (See Refs.
5 and 6), present state-of-the-art finite element programs cannot compete in
computer execution speed with conventional thermal programs using the finite
differencing method. Frequently separate thermal and structural math models
must be developed which have a one-to-one positional correspondence to allow
thermal loads to be evaluated in the structural analysis (Ref. 7). The
duplication of modeling effort can be quite costly, especially if large systems
are involved. Avoidance of this duplication effort and a desire for a geomet-
rical representation of the thermal model to reduce modeling errors were key
factors which prompted the development of CINGEN.
The CINGEN program simplifies the thermal modeling process by performing
all of the capacitance and conductance calculations normally done by the analyst.
Each solid, element is divided into five tetrahedrons, allowing the total volume
to be calculated precisely. The thermal capacitance is then calculated as the
product of volume, density and specific heat. The center of gravity of each
element is calculated, and the thermal resistance is based on the distance
between element centroids divided by the product of the element interface area
27
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19760009727 2020-03-22T16:34:26+00:00Z
and the thermal conductivity. There is no problem with elements of dissimilar
materials having a common interface, since the total conductance between the
elements is the reciprocal of the sum of the thermal resistances for each node
to the interface.
Mathematical modeling of thermal systems is somewhat of an art and relia-
bility depends greatly on the principle of subdivision of the system. A thermal
analyst can use CINGEN without prior experience with finite element modeling
techniques and without the aid of supporting programs. He needs only to
determine the physical location of desired coordinates for each desired element.
The sample problem chosen includes both manually developed and automatically
developed input for CINGEN.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Figure 1 lists seven basic steps in the utilization of CINGEN, and support-
ing programs COON3D and GEOMPLT. COON3D was developed by Sperry Support Services
to automatically generate a three-dimensional solid-element grid mesh of desired
systems. The program has the ability to generate multilayer models as exhibited
in the sample problem. Figure 2 is the COON3D input which describes the four
bounding curves for each surface. Figure 3 contains the COON3D output and the
manually developed input for CINGEN. For verification of the COON3D model,
program GEOMPLT is used to display the model on the CRT graphics screen.
Figure 4 contains the GEOMPLT user options as viewed on the CRT screen. Figure
5 displays the GEOMPLT user option of plotting NASTRAN bulk data which was
generated by COON3D and by manual development, and the option to plot the thermal
network created by CINGEN. Figure 6 contains a sketch of the actual hardware and
a side view of the CINGEN model.
When the analyst is satisfied with the appearance of the COON3D generated
model, CINGEN is executed. Figure 7 contains the CINGEN output which is a for-
mat acceptable to the thermal analyzers CINDA, SINDA, and MITAS (Refs. 2, 8,
and 9). Data files are also created which allow the analyst to view the thermal
network created by CINGEN. Figures 8(a) to 8(h) are a series of partial views
of the thermal network displayed by GEOMPLT. If the analyst is satisfied with
the model, he can use the Text Editor processor capability of UNIVAC 1100 series
computers to input the system boundary conditions and then execute SINDA. The
resulting SINDA solution can be viewed using the special purpose line printer
plotter routine (Ref. 10) for X-Y plotting, Figure 9.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
With the aid of these analytical tools - CINGEN, COON3D, GEOMPLT - analysis
cost and time can be drastically reduced from manual development of models. In
addition, the visual verification of the models provides added confidence in the
accuracy of the model. These tools will lead to reduced time between design,
analysis, and fabrication and contribute to final development of the best design
rather than one which is expedient.
28
REFERENCES
1. Schultz, W. E.: "Automated Data Generation for Thermal/Structural Models,"
Attachment 1. Sperry Support Services Memorandum, Humtsville, Alabama,
October 17, 1974.
2. Gaski, J. D., Lewis, D. R., and Thompson, L. R.: "Chrysler Improved
Numerical Differencing Analyzer for Third Generation Computers,"
TN-AP-67-287, October 20, 1967.
3. Chan, G. C.: "Automated Data Generation for Thermal/Structural Models,"
Attachment 2. Sperry Support Services Memorandum, Huntsville, Alabama,
October 17, 1974.
4. Schmitz, Ronald P.: "GEOMPLT - Interactive Graphics Program for Finite
Element and Thermal Network Models." Sperry Support Services, Huntsville,
Alabama, November 30, 1974.
5. Zienkiewiez, 0. C.: The Finite Element Method in Engineering Science,
Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Pub., Ltd., Berkshire, England, 1971.
6. McCormick, C. W.: Editor. "The NASTRAN User's Manual," (Level 15.6).
NASA SP-222(01), January 1975. (Revised by Sperry Support Services,
Huntsville, Alabama.)
7. Loafman, J. W., Schmitz, R. P., and Eldrige, C. M.: "NASTRAN Thermo-
structural Analysis of a High Energy Laser Mirror and Comparison with
CINDA Thermal Analysis," Fifth Annual Navy-NASTRAN Colloquium."
September 10, 1974.
8. Smith, J. P.: "SINDA User's Manual." NASA Contract 9-10435, TRW System
Group, April 1971.
9. "Martin Interactive Thermal Analysis System." MDS-SPLPD-71-FD238,
Martin Marietta Croporation Denver Data Center, Denver, Colorado,
March 1971.
10. Schultz, W. E., and Stephen, L. A.: "A Self-Contained Line Printer Plotting
Routine." Sperry Support Services Memorandum, Huntsville, Alabama, May 30,
1974.
29
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3 N X ( H O O O )
C N f R W O
P L O T t T < 0 . 2 , t O , 7 0 . 1 T E S T t A 1 0 0 . A l 0 1 , A 2 0 ? » A 2 0 0 . * 2 0 n
PLOTlT«1.2,<*0.70,ITEST,A100iAI02,A202.A200»A20|
END
BCD 3VARKBLES i
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_t N D
BCD 30UTPUT CALLS
TPR I NT
IT£ST«ITEST+I
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STOARY(tTEST,T10101,A102)$ CONE
END
BCD 3ENO Of DATA
Figure 7.- Concluded.
38
ROOT DIFFERTIAL TRANSDUCER MANUALLY 0
EUELOPED
** TYPE <C) TO CONTINUE
(a) Partial view of the RVDT.
Figure 8.- Resistance network.
39
MOUNTING BRACKET MANUALLY DEUELOPED
** TVPE (C) TO CONTINUE
(b) Partial view of the mounting bracket.
Figure 8.- Continued.
40
TOP PLATE 369 DEGREE MANUALLY DEVELOP
ED GRID
** TYPE CO TO CONTINUE
(c) Partial view of the top plate.
Figure 8.- Continued.
41
BODY SEGMENT NUMBER 3
** TYPE <C> TO CONTINUE
(d) Partial view of body segment 3.
Figure 8.- Continued.
42
BODY SEGMENT NUMBER a
X* TVPE (C) TO CONTINUE
(e) Partial view of body segment 2.
Figure 8.- Continued.
43
BODY SEGMENT NUMBER 1
** TVPE CO TO CONTINUE
(f) Partial view of body segment 1.
Figure 8.- Continued.
44
PISTON CONE
«' TYPE CO TO CONTINUE
7
 V
V
(g) Partial view of the piston cone.
Figure 8.- Continued.
45
INTERFACE RING RESISTANCE NETWORK
** TYPE CC) TO CONTINUE
(h) Partial view of the interface ring.
Figure 8.- Concluded.
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47


Application of the CINGEN program a thermal network data generator

Abstract

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