О возможности дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы человека методом аускультации

Development of technical base, software, accumulated information on the diagnosis of the respiratory system provided the prerequisites for creating remote diagnostics of the human respiratory system through auscultation. The known methods do not solve the problem of determining auscultation points at patent´s housing without a diagnostic specialist. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for remote diagnostics of the respiratory system which provides ability to determine the points of auscultation without presence of a diagnostic specialist. The definition of auscultation points is provided using a computer program that allows to calculate the points´ coordinates based on the coordinates of points that determine the anatomical structure of the patient's torso. The patient or his assistant places the recording device at the auscultation points combining their images on the display with the image of the location of the recording device. The signal recorded at the auscultation point is remotely transmitted to a specialist for direct analysis and/or computer processing. The diagnostic module consists of two main units. The first unit contains a stethoscope, microphone, and amplifier connected to a mobile phone or other similar device containing an accelerometer. The patient or his assistant at the housing uses the unit. The second unit is a mobile phone with a mechanical marker or a computer with the ability to access the network in conjunction with the necessary software and is used remotely by a diagnostic specialist. The layout of the unit for recording and transmitting breath sounds was made. To avoid discrepancies in the diagnostic results the technical characteristics of the module elements must be normalized. Unified software is required for the module to function. The organizational tasks that need to be solved for the implementation of diagnostics are formulated. Use of the method of remote diagnostics of the respiratory system, providing the ability to determine points of auscultation without the direct presence of a diagnostic specialist and the module will allow increasing efficiency of treatment of pulmonary diseases reduce infection risks and economic costs

Аналіз епізоотичного стану з класичної чуми свиней у світі за період 2000–2009 та 2012–2020 роки

Using information from the International Epizootic Bureau (IEB), an analysis of the epizootic status of classical swine fever (Swine Fever) in the countries of the world for nine years (2012–2020) was carried out, taking into account the continental affiliation. The epizootic state, concerning SF, depends on the economic situation in the states, the control of vaccinations in homesteads, the presence of grazing pigs, and their contact with wild boars. During the specified period, 1 case of SF from wild animals was registered on the territory of Ukraine in the Kyiv region. The number of disease outbreaks was calculated, and the data obtained were compared with the previously analyzed period of 2000–2009. According to the results of the analysis, it was established that the number of cases of SF for the period 2012–2020 indicates a higher degree of intensity of the epizootic state in Asia, South America, and Europe in comparison with the previous period – 2000–2009, and during the period 2012–2020, the Emergencies were registered on the territory of Europe (179 cases), South America (2586 cases), Asia (1452 cases). In our opinion, in the countries of Asia and South America, the intensity of the epizootic state with SF depends on the low level of biosecurity in homesteads (feeding uninfected food waste to pigs, free grazing and contact with wild boars in the absence of their vaccination against SF), unlike in Europe, where the intensity of the epizootic the situation is primarily related to the cases of this disease among the population of wild pigs, since there is a reliable level of biosecurity in pig farms and the lack of livestock vaccination. In the countries of Asia, the stress of the epizootic state regarding SF is also explained by the fact that a highly virulent strain of the SF virus was introduced into the territory of these countries. Thanks to the implementation by the State Veterinary Services of Asian countries of appropriate programs to fight against SF, where the main thing was the destruction and disposal of sick and dead pigs in negative points in dangerous zones, it was possible to stop the spread and manifestation of this disease. We believe that the permanent epizootic well-being with SF on the territory of Ukraine gives grounds for the development and implementation of a system of measures to eradicate the pathogen on its territory, which can be effectively achieved only by stopping the preventive vaccination of the pig herd.Використовуючи інформацію Міжнародного епізоотичного бюро (МЕБ) проведено аналіз епізоотичного стану щодо класичної чуми свиней (КЧС) у країнах світу за 9 річний період (2012–2020 рр.) з урахуванням континентальної належності. Епізоотичний стан, щодо КЧС залежить від економічної ситуації в державах, контролю щеплень присадибних господарствах наявність випасу поголів’я свиней та їх контакту з дикими кабанами. За зазначений період на території України реєструвався 1 випадок КЧС від диких тварин в Київській області. Здійснено підрахунок кількості спалахів хвороби та проведено порівняння отриманих даних з раніше аналізованим періодом 2000–2009 рр. За результатами проведеного аналізу встановлено, що кількість випадків КЧС за період 2012–2020 свідчить про більш високий ступінь напруженості епізоотичного стану в Азії, Південній Америці та Європі порівняно з попереднім періодом – 2000–2009 роки, так за період 2012–2020 рр. КЧС реєструвалась на території Європи (179 випадків), Південної Америки (2586 випадків), Азії (1452випадків). На нашу думку у країнах Азії  та Південної Америки напруженість епізоотичного стану з КЧС залежить від низького рівня біобезпеки присадибних господарствах (згодовування незнезаражених харчових відходів свиням, вільний випас та контакт з дикими кабанами  відсутності їх вакцинації проти КЧС), на відміну від Європи, де напруженість епізоотичної ситуації у першу чергу пов’язана саме з випадками  цього захворювання серед популяції диких свиней, оскільки у свиногосподарствах існує надійний рівень біобезпеки, та відсутність щеплення поголів’я. У країнах Азії напруження епізоотичного стану щодо КЧС пояснюється ще й тим, що на територію цих країн був занесений високовірулентний штам вірусу КЧС. Завдяки впровадженню Державними ветеринарними службами країн Азії відповідних програм боротьби з КЧС, де основним було знищення та утилізація хворих і загиблих свиней в неблагополучних пунктах за загрозливих зонах вдалося припинити поширення та прояв цієї хвороби. Ми вважаємо, що стале епізоотичне благополуччя з КЧС на території України дає підстави до розробки та впровадження системи заходів з ерадикації збудника на її території, яку можна ефективно досягнути лише шляхом припинення профілактичного щеплення свинопоголів’я

О возможности дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы человека методом аускультации

Development of technical base, software, accumulated information on the diagnosis of the respiratory system provided the prerequisites for creating remote diagnostics of the human respiratory system through auscultation. The known methods do not solve the problem of determining auscultation points at patent´s housing without a diagnostic specialist. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for remote diagnostics of the respiratory system which provides ability to determine the points of auscultation without presence of a diagnostic specialist.The definition of auscultation points is provided using a computer program that allows to calculate the points´ coordinates based on the coordinates of points that determine the anatomical structure of the patient's torso. The patient or his assistant places the recording device at the auscultation points combining their images on the display with the image of the location of the recording device. The signal recorded at the auscultation point is remotely transmitted to a specialist for direct analysis and/or computer processing. The diagnostic module consists of two main units. The first unit contains a stethoscope, microphone, and amplifier connected to a mobile phone or other similar device containing an accelerometer. The patient or his assistant at the housing uses the unit. The second unit is a mobile phone with a mechanical marker or a computer with the ability to access the network in conjunction with the necessary software and is used remotely by a diagnostic specialist. The layout of the unit for recording and transmitting breath sounds was made. To avoid discrepancies in the diagnostic results the technical characteristics of the module elements must be normalized. Unified software is required for the module to function. The organizational tasks that need to be solved for the implementation of diagnostics are formulated.Use of the method of remote diagnostics of the respiratory system, providing the ability to determine points of auscultation without the direct presence of a diagnostic specialist and the module will allow increasing efficiency of treatment of pulmonary diseases reduce infection risks and economic costs. Развитие технической базы, программного обеспечения, а также накопленная информация по диагностике дыхательной системы обеспечили предпосылки для создания дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы человека посредством аускультации. В известных методиках не решена проблема определения точек аускультации в домашних условиях без присутствия специалиста по диагностике. Целью настоящего исследования является разработка методики дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы, обеспечивающая возможность определения точек аускультации без присутствия специалиста по диагностике.Для этого предусмотрено определение точек аускультации с использованием компьютерной программы, позволяющей вычислить их координаты на основе координат точек, определяющих анатомическое строение торса пациента. Пациент или его помощник устанавливают записывающее устройство в точки аускультации, совмещая на дисплее их изображения с изображением точки нахождения записывающего устройства. Записываемый в точке аускультации сигнал дистанционно передаётся специалисту для непосредственного анализа и/или компьютерной обработки. Диагностический модуль состоит из двух основных узлов. Первый содержит стетоскоп, микрофон и усилитель, соединённые с мобильным телефоном или другим аналогичным устройством, содержащим акселерометр. Узел используется пациентом или его помощником в домашних условиях. Второй узел представляет мобильный телефон с механическим маркером либо компьютер с возможностью выхода в сеть в совокупности с необходимым программным обеспечением и используется дистанционно специалистом по диагностике. Изготовлен макет узла записи и передачи звуков дыхания. Чтобы избежать расхождения результатов диагностики, технические характеристики элементов модуля необходимо нормировать. Для функционирования модуля требуется унифицированное программное обеспечение. Сформулированы организационные задачи, которые необходимо решить для внедрения диагностики.Использование разработанной методики дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы, обеспечивающей возможность определения точек аускультации без присутствия специалиста по диагностике и соответствующего модуля позволит увеличить эффективность лечения пульмонологических заболеваний, уменьшить риски инфицирования и экономические затраты.

Measurement of high-p_T Single Electrons from Heavy-Flavor Decays in p+p Collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV

The momentum distribution of electrons from decays of heavy flavor (charm and beauty) for midrapidity |y| < 0.35 in p+p collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) over the transverse momentum range 0.3 < p_T < 9 GeV/c. Two independent methods have been used to determine the heavy flavor yields, and the results are in good agreement with each other. A fixed-order-plus-next-to-leading-log pQCD calculation agrees with the data within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties, with the data/theory ratio of 1.72 +/- 0.02^stat +/- 0.19^sys for 0.3 < p_T < 9 GeV/c. The total charm production cross section at this energy has also been deduced to be sigma_(c c^bar) = 567 +/- 57^stat +/- 224^sys micro barns.Comment: 375 authors from 57 institutions, 6 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Transverse momentum and centrality dependence of dihadron correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV: Jet-quenching and the response of partonic matter

Azimuthal angle \Delta\phi correlations are presented for charged hadrons from dijets for 0.4 < p_T < 10 GeV/c in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. With increasing p_T, the away-side distribution evolves from a broad to a concave shape, then to a convex shape. Comparisons to p+p data suggest that the away-side can be divided into a partially suppressed "head" region centered at Delta\phi ~ \pi, and an enhanced "shoulder" region centered at Delta\phi ~ \pi +/- 1.1. The p_T spectrum for the "head" region softens toward central collisions, consistent with the onset of jet quenching. The spectral slope for the "shoulder" region is independent of centrality and trigger p_T, which offers constraints on energy transport mechanisms and suggests that the "shoulder" region contains the medium response to energetic jets.Comment: 420 authors from 58 institutions, 6 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Medium modification of jet fragmentation in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV measured in direct photon-hadron correlations

The jet fragmentation function is measured with direct photon-hadron correlations in p+p and Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV. The p_T of the photon is an excellent approximation to the initial p_T of the jet and the ratio z_T=p_T^h/p_T^\gamma is used as a proxy for the jet fragmentation function. A statistical subtraction is used to extract the direct photon-hadron yields in Au+Au collisions while a photon isolation cut is applied in p+p. I_ AA, the ratio of jet fragment yield in Au+Au to that in p+p, indicates modification of the jet fragmentation function. Suppression, most likely due to energy loss in the medium, is seen at high z_T. The fragment yield at low z_T is enhanced at large angles. Such a trend is expected from redistribution of the lost energy into increased production of low-momentum particles.Comment: 562 authors, 70 insitutions, 8 pages, and 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. v2 has minor changes to improve clarity. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Inclusive cross section and double helicity asymmetry for \pi^0 production in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV: Implications for the polarized gluon distribution in the proton

The PHENIX experiment presents results from the RHIC 2005 run with polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV, for inclusive \pi^0 production at mid-rapidity. Unpolarized cross section results are given for transverse momenta p_T=0.5 to 20 GeV/c, extending the range of published data to both lower and higher p_T. The cross section is described well for p_T < 1 GeV/c by an exponential in p_T, and, for p_T > 2 GeV/c, by perturbative QCD. Double helicity asymmetries A_LL are presented based on a factor of five improvement in uncertainties as compared to previously published results, due to both an improved beam polarization of 50%, and to higher integrated luminosity. These measurements are sensitive to the gluon polarization in the proton, and exclude maximal values for the gluon polarization.Comment: 375 authors, 7 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D, Rapid Communications. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Identified charged hadron production in p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 and 62.4 GeV

Transverse momentum distributions and yields for $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$ and $\bar{p}$ in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=200 and 62.4 GeV at midrapidity are measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). These data provide important baseline spectra for comparisons with identified particle spectra in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. We present the inverse slope parameter $T_{\rm inv}$, mean transverse momentum $$ and yield per unit rapidity $dN/dy$ at each energy, and compare them to other measurements at different $\sqrt{s}$ in $p+p$ and $p+\bar{p}$ collisions. We also present the scaling properties such as $m_T$ scaling, $x_T$ scaling on the $p_T$ spectra between different energies. To discuss the mechanism of the particle production in $p+p$ collisions, the measured spectra are compared to next-to-leading-order or next-to-leading-logarithmic perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations.Comment: 431 authors from 62 institutions, 32 pages, 23 figures, and 18 tables. Submitted to Physical Review C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm