PENERAPAN ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) UNTUK PERSEDIAAN TEH GOALPARA SEDUH DALAM UPAYA EFISIENSI BIAYA PERSEDIAAN DI UNIT INDUSTRI HILIR TEH PADA PT PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA VIII

ABSTRAK PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII adalah perusahaan BUMN yang berorientasi pada hasil perkebunan-perkebunan yang berada di wilayah Jawa Barat Indonesia. Tujuan didirikan PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII adalah untuk menghasilkan produk dengan kualitas atau mutu yang tinggi maka perlu adanya perencanaan yang baik untuk produk yang dihasilkan perusahaan guna mendapatkan keuntungan semaksimal mungkin dan mengeluarkan pengorbanan sekecil mungkin. Unit Industri Hilir Teh (IHT) PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII sebagai salah satu unit kerja yang berorientasi penuh pada operasional dan produksi sangat berkaitan dengan biaya-biaya produksi sehingga perlu adanya efisiensi biaya dari proses pelaksanaan produksi unit Industri Hilir Teh (IHT) PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. Salah satunya efisiensi biaya persediaan yang menjadi faktor penting dalam manajemen persediaan yang dilakukan oleh unit Industri Hilir Teh (IHT) PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII. Efisiensi biaya persediaan sangat berkaitan dan dipengaruhiu oleh metode persediaan yang tepat untuk diterapkan oleh perusahaan. Metode Economic order Quantity (EOQ) akan mampu menghasilkan efisiensi biaya persediaan dibandingkan dengan kebijakan metode persediaan yang selama ini diterapkan oleh perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan komparatif akan mampu mengambarkan dan membandingkan metode-metode persediaan yang tepat untuk diterapkan oleh perusahaan di kemudian hari. Kata Kunci: Efisiensi biaya persediaan, Economic order Quantity (EOQ), deksriptif dan komparati

Peningkatan Kreativitas Dan Kemandirian Belajar Akuntansi Melalui Metode Discovery Learning Pada Siswa Kelas X SMK Teknosa Surakarta Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016

This research aims to improve creativity and independent learningaccounting through discovery learning methodfor students of class X SMK TeknosaSurakarta in 2015/2016 academic year. This research type is a classroom action research conducted through two cycles. The subjects are teachers who provide action and the action recipients are students of class XSMK of Teknosa Surakarta in 2015/ 2016 academic year. The methods of collecting data are interview, observation and documentation. The techniques of analyzing data are data presentation and data verification. The results of this research showed an increase creativity of student learning that can be seen from the indicators, namely1) Have a great curiosity of prior actions as many as 16 students (53.3%) and at the end of the action as much as 26 students (86.6%), 2 ) often ask good questions before the measure as many as 10 students (33.3%) and at the end of the action as many as 27 students (90%), 3) Provide ideas or proposals before the action as much as 8 students (26.6%) and at the end of the action as many 20 students (66.6%), 4) Have your own opinion before the measure as many as 10 students (33.3%) at the end of the action as many and in akhit action as many as 22 students (73.3%), while the independence of the study can be seen from 1) has a sense of trust sewbelum themselves act as many as 11 students (36.6%) and at the end of the action as much as 26 students (86.6%), 2) Being able to learn on their own prior to the action as much as 9 students (30%) and at the end of the action as many as 21 students (70% ), 3) responsible before the measure as many as 10 students (33.3%) and at the end of the action as much as 25 students (83.3%). Based on the description above can be concluded that the application of discovery learning method can enhance students' creativity and independent learning

PENGARUH IKLAN DAN CITRA MEREK TERHADAP PROSES KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN (Survei Pada Konsumen My Republic Bandung)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga variabel, yakni variabel iklan dan citra merek sebagai variabel bebas dan variabel proses keputusan pembelian sebagai variabel terikat. Melihat fenomena bahwa proses keputusan pembelian merupakan faktor penting bagi perusahaan yang menawarkan produk yang memiliki keterlibatan tinggi, dan ditemukannya faktor yang bermasalah yaitu iklan dan citra merek terhadap proses keputusan pembelian pada objek penelitian ini yaitu My Republic Bandung baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Hal ini dikarenakan terdapat fenomena di tiga tahun terakhir jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia sangat tinggi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan verifikatif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden. Pengujian instrumen menggunakan uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analsis regresi linier berganda, korelasi berganda, koefisien determinasi. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penelitian secara deskriptif membuahkan hasil bahwa iklan pada My Republic Bandung berada pada kondisi Kurang Baik, Citra Merek pada My Republic Bandung berada pada kondisi Kurang Baik, dan Proses Keputusan Pembelian pada My Republic Bandung Kurang Baik. Selanjutnya hasil dari penelitian secara verifikatif pada penelitian ini terdapat pengaruh positif antara iklan dan citra merek terhadap proses keputusan pembelian di My Republic Bandung. Besarnya pengaruh iklan dan citra merek terhadap proses keputusan pembelian secara simultan sebesar 30,4% dan sisanya sebesar 69,6% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti. Secara parsial besarnya pengaruh iklan terhadap proses keputusan pembelian sebesar 3,9% dan pengaruh citra merek terhadap proses keputusan pembelian sebesar 26,5% sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa citra merek memberikan pengaruh paling besar dalam penelitian ini terhadap proses keputusan pembelian. Kata kunci: Iklan, Citra Merek, dan Proses Keputusan Pembelia

Assessing the impact of a combined nutrition counselling and cash transfer intervention on women’s empowerment in rural Bangladesh: a randomised control trial protocol

Introduction There is growing interest in assessing the impact of health interventions, particularly when women are the focus of the intervention, on women’s empowerment. Globally, research has shown that interventions targeting nutrition, health and economic development can affect women’s empowerment. Evidence suggests that women’s empowerment is also an underlying determinant of nutrition outcomes. Depending on the focus of the intervention, different domains of women’s empowerment will be influenced, for example, an increase in nutritional knowledge, or greater control over income and access to resources. Objective This study evaluates the impact of the Shonjibon Cash and Counselling (SCC) Trial that combines nutrition counselling and an unconditional cash transfer, delivered on a mobile platform, on women’s empowerment in rural Bangladesh. Methods and analysis We will use a mixed-methods approach, combining statistical analysis of quantitative data from 2840 women in a cluster randomised controlled trial examining the impact of nutrition behaviour change communications (BCCs) and cash transfers on child undernutrition. Pregnant participants will be given a smartphone with a customised app, delivering nutrition BCC messages, and will receive nutrition counselling via a call centre and an unconditional cash transfer. This study is a component of the SCC Trial and will measure women’s empowerment using a composite indicator based on the Project-Level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index, with quantitative data collection at baseline and endline. Thematic analysis of qualitative data, collected through longitudinal interviews with women, husbands and mothers-in-law, will elicit a local understanding of women’s empowerment and the linkages between the intervention and women’s empowerment outcomes. This paper describes the study protocol to evaluate women’s empowerment in a nutrition-specific and sensitive intervention using internationally validated, innovative tools and will help fill the evidence gap on pathways of impact, highlighting areas to target for future programming. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (Ref. PR 17106) and The University of Sydney (Ref: 2019/840). Findings from this study will be shared in Bangladesh with dissemination sessions in-country and internationally at conferences, and will be published in peer-reviewed journals

Money in Islamic banking system

The idea of revisiting currency and the gold dinar from an Islamic standpoint is an interesting topic of discussion in the context of the current monetary system. This chapter examines the historical aspects and supremacy of a gold currency and the weakness of fiat money using a maslahah-mafsadah approach. It considers some possible alternative forms of gold as money and then discusses some obstacles and barriers in the hope of finding a model of gold as money to implement in the current economic system. A deductive method is used to explore the implementation of a gold currency based on historical study and library research. The findings reveal that money is not limited to gold and silver. However, by deriving new law from original law process, the law (hukm) of gold or silver as money is permissible

Consensus Paper—ICIS Expert Meeting Basel 2009 treatment milestones in immune thrombocytopenia

The rarity of severe complications of this disease in children makes randomized clinical trials in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) unfeasible. Therefore, the current management recommendations for ITP are largely dependent on clinical expertise and observations. As part of its discussions during the Intercontinental Cooperative ITP Study Group Expert Meeting in Basel, the Management working group recommended that the decision to treat an ITP patient be individualized and based mainly on bleeding symptoms and not on the actual platelet count number and should be supported by bleeding scores using a validated assessment tool. The group stressed the need to develop a uniform validated bleeding score system and to explore new measures to evaluate bleeding risk in thrombocytopenic patients—the role of rituximab as a splenectomy-sparing agent in resistant disease was also discussed. Given the apparently high recurrence rate to rituximab therapy in children and the drug's possible toxicity, the group felt that until more data are available, a conservative approach may be considered, reserving rituximab for patients who failed splenectomy. More studies of the effectiveness and side effects of drugs to treat refractory patients, such as TPO mimetics, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and cytotoxic agents are required, as are long-term data on post-splenectomy complications. In the patient with either acute or chronic ITP, using a more personalized approach to treatment based on bleeding symptoms rather than platelet count should result in less toxicity and empower both physicians and families to focus on quality-of-life

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and renal functions in children with a solitary kidney

The aim of this study is to investigate the blood pressure (BP) profile, microalbuminuria, renal functions, and relations with remaining normal kidney size in children with unilateral functioning solitary kidney (UFSK). Sixty-six children with UFSK were equally divided into three groups: unilateral renal agenesis (URA), unilateral atrophic kidney (UAK), and unilateral nephrectomy (UNP). Twenty-two age-, weight-, and height-matched healthy children were considered as a control group. The serum creatinine level and first-morning urine microalbumin and creatinine concentrations were determined by the standard methods. Also, the BP profile was determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). We found that the serum creatinine level was higher and creatinine clearance was lower in each patient groups compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with the controls, each group of patients had mean office, 24-h, daytime, and night-time systolic and diastolic BP values similar to those of the controls (p > 0.05). An inverse correlation was found between the renal size standard deviation scores (SDS) of normal kidneys and 24-h systolic and diastolic BP load SDS in all of the patients (p < 0.05; r = −0.372, r = −0.295, respectively). The observed relationship between renal size SDS and 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic and diastolic BP load SDS suggests that children with UFSK should be evaluated by using ABPM for the risk of hypertension

Outcomes of abdominoperineal resection for management of anal cancer in HIV-positive patients: a national case review

BACKGROUND: The incidence of anal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals is increasing, and how co-infection affects outcomes is not fully understood. This study sought to describe the current outcome disparities between anal cancer patients with and without HIV undergoing abdominoperineal resection (APR). METHODS: A retrospective review of all US patients diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinoma, undergoing an APR, was performed. Cases were identified using a weighted derivative of the Healthcare Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample (2000–2011). Patients greater than 60 years old were excluded after finding a skewed population distribution between those with and without HIV infection. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear modeling analysis examined factors associated with postoperative outcomes and cost. Perioperative complications, in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs were compared for those undergoing APR with and without HIV infection. RESULTS: A total of 1725 patients diagnosed with anal squamous cell cancer undergoing APR were identified, of whom 308 (17.9 %) were HIV-positive. HIV-positive patients were younger than HIV-negative patients undergoing APR for anal cancer (median age 47 years old versus 51 years old, p < 0.001) and were more likely to be male (95.1 versus 30.6 %, p < 0.001). Postoperative hemorrhage was more frequent in the HIV-positive group (5.1 versus 1.5 %, p = 0.05). Mortality was low in both groups (0 % in HIV-positive versus 1.49 % in HIV-negative, p = 0.355), and length of stay (LOS) (10+ days; 75th percentile of patient data) was similar (36.9 % with HIV versus 29.8 % without HIV, p = 0.262). Greater hospitalization costs were associated with patients who experienced a complication. However, there was no difference in hospitalization costs seen between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients (p = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS: HIV status is not associated with worse postoperative recovery after APR for anal cancer as measured by length of stay or hospitalization cost. Further study may support APRs to be used more aggressively in HIV-positive patients with anal cancer. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12957-016-0970-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Interacting multi-channel topological boundary modes in a quantum Hall valley system

Symmetry and topology play key roles in the identification of phases of matter and their properties. Both concepts are central to understanding quantum Hall ferromagnets (QHFMs), two-dimensional electronic phases with spontaneously broken spin or pseudospin symmetry whose wavefunctions also have topological properties. Domain walls between distinct broken symmetry QHFM phases are predicted to host gapless one-dimensional (1D) modes that emerge due to a topological change of the underlying electronic wavefunctions at such interfaces. Although a variety of QHFMs have been identified in different materials, probing interacting electronic modes at these domain walls has not yet been accomplished. Here we use a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to directly visualize the spontaneous formation of boundary modes, within a sign-changing topological gap, at domain walls between different valley-polarized quantum Hall phases on the surface of bismuth. By changing the valley occupation and the corresponding number of modes at the domain wall, we can realize different regimes where the valley-polarized channels are either metallic or develop a spectroscopic gap. This behavior is a consequence of Coulomb interactions constrained by the symmetry-breaking valley flavor, which determines whether electrons in the topological modes can backscatter, making these channels a unique class of interacting Luttinger liquids

Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides Inhibit Endothelial Cell Functions Essential for Angiogenesis

Heparan sulfate (HS) is an important regulator of the assembly and activity of various angiogenic signalling complexes. However, the significance of precisely defined HS structures in regulating cytokine-dependent angiogenic cellular functions and signalling through receptors regulating angiogenic responses remains unclear. Understanding such structure-activity relationships is important for the rational design of HS fragments that inhibit HS-dependent angiogenic signalling complexes.We synthesized a series of HS oligosaccharides ranging from 7 to 12 saccharide residues that contained a repeating disaccharide unit consisting of iduronate 2-O-sulfate linked to glucosamine with or without N-sulfate. The ability of oligosaccharides to compete with HS for FGF2 and VEGF165 binding significantly increased with oligosaccharide length and sulfation. Correspondingly, the inhibitory potential of oligosaccharides against FGF2- and VEGF165-induced endothelial cell responses was greater in longer oligosaccharide species that were comprised of disaccharides bearing both 2-O- and N-sulfation (2SNS). FGF2- and VEGF165-induced endothelial cell migration were inhibited by longer 2SNS oligosaccharide species with 2SNS dodecasaccharide activity being comparable to that of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting FGFR or VEGFR-2. Moreover, the 2SNS dodecasaccharide ablated FGF2- or VEGF165-induced phosphorylation of FAK and assembly of F-actin in peripheral lamellipodia-like structures. In contrast, FGF2-induced endothelial cell proliferation was only moderately inhibited by longer 2SNS oligosaccharides. Inhibition of FGF2- and VEGF165-dependent endothelial tube formation strongly correlated with oligosaccharide length and sulfation with 10-mer and 12-mer 2SNS oligosaccharides being the most potent species. FGF2- and VEGF165-induced activation of MAPK pathway was inhibited by biologically active oligosaccharides correlating with the specific phosphorylation events in FRS2 and VEGFR-2, respectively.These results demonstrate structure-function relationships for synthetic HS saccharides that suppress endothelial cell migration, tube formation and signalling induced by key angiogenic cytokines