Observations of Submesoscale Variability and Frontal Subduction within the Mesoscale Eddy Field of the Tasman Sea

Submesoscale lenses of water with anomalous hydrographic properties have previously been observed in the East Australian Current (EAC) system, embedded within the thermocline of mesoscale anticyclonic eddies. The waters within these lenses have high oxygen content and temperature–salinity properties that signify a surface origin. However, it is not known how these lenses form. This study presents field observations that provide insight into a possible generation mechanism via subduction at upper-ocean fronts. High-resolution hydrographic and velocity measurements of submesoscale activity were taken across a front between a mesoscale eddy dipole downstream of the EAC separation point. The front had O(1) Rossby number, strong vertical shear, and flow conducive to symmetric instability. Frontogenesis was measured in conjunction with subduction of an anticyclonic water parcel, indicative of intrathermocline eddy formation. Twenty-five years of satellite imagery reveals the existence of strong mesoscale strain coupled with strong temperature fronts in this region and indicates the conditions that led to frontal subduction observed here are a persistent feature. These processes impact the vertical export of tracers from the surface and dissipation of mesoscale kinetic energy, implicating their importance for understanding regional ocean circulation and biological productivity

Handedness for Unimanual Grasping in 564 Great Apes: The Effect on Grip Morphology and a Comparison with Hand Use for a Bimanual Coordinated Task

A number of factors have been proposed to influence within and between species variation in handedness in non-human primates. In the initial study, we assessed the influence of grip morphology on hand use for simple reaching in a sample of 564 great apes including 49 orangutans Pongo pygmaeus, 66 gorillas Gorilla gorilla, 354 chimpanzees Pan troglodytes and 95 bonobos Pan paniscus. Overall, we found a significant right hand bias for reaching. We also found a significant effect of the grip morphology of hand use. Grasping with the thumb and index finger was more prevalent in the right compared to left hand in all four species. There was no significant sex effect on the patterns of handedness. In a subsample of apes, we also compared consistency in hand use for simple reaching with previously published data on a task that measures handedness for bimanual actions. We found that the ratio of subjects with consistent right compared to left hand use was more prevalent in bonobos, chimpanzees and gorillas but not orangutans. However, for all species, the proportion of subjects with inconsistent hand preferences between the tasks was relatively high suggesting some measures may be more sensitive in assessing handedness than others

Coastal Mooring Observing Networks and Their Data Products: Recommendations for the Next Decade

Instrumented moorings (hereafter referred to as moorings), which are anchored buoys or an anchored configuration of instruments suspended in the water column, are highly valued for their ability to host a variety of interchangeable oceanographic and meteorological sensors. This flexibility makes them a useful technology for meeting end user and science-driven requirements. Overall, societal needs related to human health, safety, national security, and economic prosperity in coastal areas are met through the availability of continuous data from coastal moorings and other complementary observing platforms within the Earth-observing system. These data streams strengthen the quality and accuracy of data products that inform the marine transportation industry, the tourism industry, fisheries, the military, public health officials, coastal and emergency managers, educators, and research scientists, among many others. Therefore, it is critical to sustain existing observing system networks, especially during this time of extreme environmental variability and change. Existing fiscal and operational challenges affecting the sustainability of observing networks will likely continue into the next decade, threatening the quality of downstream data and information products – especially those used for long-term monitoring, planning, and decision-making. This paper describes the utility of coastal moorings as part of an integrated coastal observing system, with an emphasis on stakeholder engagement to inform observing requirements and to ensure data products are tailored to user needs. We provide 10 recommendations for optimizing moorings networks, and thus downstream data products, to guide regional planners, and network operators: 1.Develop strategies to increase investment in coastal mooring networks2.Collect stakeholder priorities through targeted and continuous stakeholder engagements3.Include complementary systems and emerging technologies in implementation planning activities4.Expand and sustain water column ecosystem moorings in coastal locations5.Coordinate with operators and data managers across geographic scales6.Standardize and integrate data management best practices7.Provide open access to data8.Promote environmental health and operational safety stewardship and regulatory compliance9.Develop coastal mooring observing network performance metrics10.Routinely monitor and assess the design of coastal mooring network

Impact du vent sur la circulation hydrodynamique dans le Golfe du Lion : modélisation haute résolution

Many physical processes are involved in the Gulf of Lions hydrody- namics, Mediterranean Sea, exhibiting high spatial and temporal variability. Their generation is often linked to atmospheric conditions and in particular to wind forcing. This works aims at understanding this influence on small scale processes and investigates the relevance of high resolution atmospheric forcing for hydrodynamic modeling. Firstly, the impact of the local wind forcing on the generation of a mesoscale eddy, previously observed by HF radars, is evidenced. Several idealized configurations also allow to analyze the role of river discharge, background shelf circulation and bathymetric effects, through idealized numerical modeling. Then, different atmospheric models are assessed to drive hydrodynamic modeling in the Gulf of Lions, with distinctive resolutions. Iner- tial motions, internal oscillations and mesoscale variability are shown to be accentuated when using high-resolution forcing. The importance of wind spatial variability is also evidenced, in terms of upwelling system and shelf intrusions.L'hydrodynamique du Golfe du Lion, situé en Méditerranée Nord Occidentale, fait intervenir de nombreux processus physiques, présentant des échelles de variabilité spatiale et temporelle très hétérogènes. La plupart de ces processus sont générés en réponse aux conditions atmosphériques et en particulier au forçage du vent. Ce travail de thèse contribue à la compréhension de cet impact sur les processus de petit échelle et met en évidence l'intérêt de la haute-résolution de ces forçages. Dans un premier temps, une étude de processus a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence du vent sur la génération d'un tourbillon méso-échelle situé à l'Est du golfe, pécédemment observé par radars HF. Les influences respectives de la bathymétrie, des effets de flottabilité et de la circulation générale ont également été évaluées à l'aide de configurations idéalisées du modèle hydrodynamique MARS3D. Dans un deuxième temps, différents modèles atmosphériques, de résolutions différentes, ont été comparés en tant que forçage d'un modèle hydrodynamique réaliste du Golfe du Lion. D'un point de vue énergétique, les mouvements inertiels de la couche de surface, les oscillations de la thermocline et la variabilité méso-échelle de l'océan sont amplifiés avec le modèle atmosphérique haute- résolution AROME. Cette étude également permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de la variabilité spatiale du vent pour la génération de l'upwelling au Nord du plateau et les intrusions le long de la côte Ouest

Impact du vent sur la circulation hydrodynamique dans le Golfe du Lion : modélisation haute résolution

L hydrodynamique du Golfe du Lion, situé en Méditerranée Nord Occidentale, fait intervenir de nombreux processus physiques, présentant des échelles de variabilité spatiale et temporelle très hétérogènes. La plupart de ces processus sont générés en réponse aux conditions atmosphériques et en particulier au forçage du vent. Ce travail de thèse contribue à la compréhension de cet impact sur les processus de petite échelle et met en évidence l intérêt de la haute- résolution de ces forçages. Dans un premier temps, une étude de processus a permis de mettre en évidence l influence du vent sur la génération d un tourbillon méso- échelle situe à l Est du golfe, précédemment observe par radars HF. Les influences respectives de la bathymétrie, des effets de flottabilité et de la circulation générale ont également été évaluées à l aide de configurations idéalisées du modèle hydrodynamique MARS3D. Dans un deuxième temps, différents modèles atmosphériques, de résolutions différentes, ont été comparés en tant que forçage d un modèle hydrodynamique réaliste du Golfe du Lion. D un point de vue énergétique, les mouvements inertiels de la couche de surface, les oscillations de la thermocline et la variabilité méso- échelle de l océan sont amplifiés avec le modèle atmosphérique haute résolution AROME. Cette étude a également permis de mettre en évidence l importance de la variabilité spatiale du vent pour la génération de l upwelling au Nord du plateau et les intrusions le long de la cote Ouest.TOULON-BU Centrale (830622101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Characterizing frontal eddies along the East Australian Current from HF radar observations

International audienceThe East Australian Current (EAC) dominates the ocean circulation along south‐eastern Australia, however, little is known about the submesoscale frontal instabilities associated with this western boundary current. One year of surface current measurements from HF radars, in conjunction with mooring and satellite observations, highlight the occurrence and propagation of meanders and frontal eddies along the inshore edge of the EAC. Eddies were systematically identified using the geometry of the high spatial resolution (∼1.5 km) surface currents, and tracked every hour. Cyclonic eddies were observed irregularly, on average every 7 days, with inshore radius ∼10 km. Among various forms of structures, frontal eddies associated with EAC meanders were characterized by poleward advection speeds of ∼0.3–0.4 m/s, migrating as far as 500 km south, based on satellite imagery. Flow field kinematics show that cyclonic eddies have high Rossby numbers (0.6–1.9) and enhance particle dispersion. Patches of intensified surface divergence at the leading edge of the structures are expected to generate vertical uplift. This is confirmed by subsurface measurements showing temperature uplift of up to 55 m over 24 h and rough estimates of vertical velocities of 10s of meters per day. While frontal eddies propagate through the radar domain independently of local wind stress, upfront wind can influence their stalling and growth, and can also generate large cold core eddies through intense shear. Such coherent structures are a major mechanism for the transport and entrainment of nutrient rich coastal or deep waters, influencing physical and biological dynamics, and connectivity over large distances

Influence of high-resolution wind forcing on hydrodynamic modeling of the Gulf of Lions

The impact of the choice of high-resolution atmospheric forcing on ocean summertime circulation in the Gulf of Lions (GoL; Mediterranean Sea) is evaluated using three different datasets: AROME (2.5 km, 1 h), ALADIN (9.5 km, 3 h), and MM5 (9 km, 3 h). A short-term ocean simulation covering a 3-month summer period was performed on a 400-m configuration of the GoL. The main regional features of both wind and oceanic dynamics were well-reproduced by all three atmospheric models. Yet, at smaller scales and for specific hydrodynamic processes, some differences became apparent. Inertial oscillations and mesoscale variability were accentuated when high-resolution forcing was used. Sensitivity tests suggest a predominant role for spatial rather than temporal resolution of wind. The determinant influence of wind stress curl was evidenced, both in the representation of a mesoscale eddy structure and in the generation of a specific upwelling cell in the north-western part of the gulf