Endophytic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum are abundant in the Phaseolus vulgaris and have high genetic diversity

To evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi from the leaves of the common bean and the genetic diversity of endophytic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum using IRAP (inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism) and REMAP (retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism) analyses. The fungi were isolated by tissue fragmentation and identified by analysing the morphological features and sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the rDNA large subunit (LSU). Twenty-seven different taxa were identified. Colletotrichum was the most commonly isolated genera from the common bean (32.69% and 24.29% of the total isolates from the Ouro Negro and Talismã varieties, respectively). The IRAP and REMAP analyses revealed a high genetic diversity in the Colletotrichum endophytic isolates and were able to discriminate these isolates from the phytopathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Fungi from the genus Colletotrichum are abundant in the Phaseolus vulgaris endophytic community, and the IRAP and REMAP markers can be used to rapidly distinguish between C. lindemuthianum and other Colletotrichum members that are frequently found as endophytes. This is the first report of the diversity of endophytic fungi present in the common bean and the use of IRAP and REMAP markers to assess the genetic diversity of endophytic fungi from the genus Colletotrichum

Adição De Farinha De Baru Em Cupcakes: Caracterização Físico-química E Sensorial Entre Crianças

The present study aimed to determine the sensory acceptability of cupcakes added baru flour (BF) among children and determine the physico-chemical composition of the standard formulation and that containing BF with similar sensory acceptance standard. The following formulations were developed cupcake: F1 - 0% (standard) and other added 6% (F2), 12% (F3) and 18% (F4) of BF. Participated in the sensory evaluation 59 untrained, of both genders, aged between 8 and 10 years. Higher scores were observed for F1 and F2, compared to F4 the appearance attribute. For aroma, taste, texture, color, overall acceptance and purchase intent, F1 to F4 showed greater acceptance, with no difference between the others. Higher contents of moisture, ash, protein, lipid, dietary fiber and calories in F3 compared to F1 were checked, but lower carbohydrate content was observed in F3. Thus, the development of products able to prove that an addition level of 12% BF cupcakes (50% reduction of refined wheat flour) was well accepted by the children tasters, yielding similar sensory acceptance to the product standard expectations and good marketing.40221322

Molecular and genetic mechanism of non-syndromic congenital cataracts. Mutation screening in Spanish families

Our purpose was to identify mutations responsible for non-syndromic congenital cataracts through the implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in our center. A sample of peripheral blood was obtained from probands and willing family members and genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes. DNA was analyzed implementing a panel (OFTv2.1) including 39 known congenital cataracts disease genes. 62 probands from 51 families were recruited. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 32 patients and 25 families; in 16 families (64%) these were de novo mutations. The mutation detection rate was 49%. Almost all reported mutations were autosomal dominant. Mutations in crystallin genes were found in 30% of the probands. Mutations in membrane proteins were detected in seven families (two in GJA3 and five in GJA8). Mutations in LIM2 and MIP were each found in three families. Other mutations detected affected EPHA2, PAX6, HSF4 and PITX3. Variants classified as of unknown significance were found in 5 families (9.8%), affecting CRYBB3, LIM2, EPHA2, ABCB6 and TDRD7. Mutations lead to different cataract phenotypes within the same familyThis research was funded by ONCE grant number 2020/0197782 and by FIS grant number PI18-1234-ISCII

Cross-Correlation Studies with CMB Polarization Maps

The free-electron population during the reionized epoch rescatters CMB temperature quadrupole and generates a now well-known polarization signal at large angular scales. While this contribution has been detected in the temperature-polarization cross power spectrum measured with WMAP data, due to the large cosmic variance associated with anisotropy measurements at tens of degree angular scales only limited information related to reionization, such as the optical depth to electron scattering, can be extracted. The inhomogeneities in the free-electron population lead to an additional secondary polarization anisotropy contribution at arcminute scales. While the fluctuation amplitude, relative to dominant primordial fluctuations, is small, we suggest that a cross-correlation between arcminute scale CMB polarization data and a tracer field of the high redshift universe, such as through fluctuations captured by the 21 cm neutral Hydrogen background or those in the infrared background related to first proto-galaxies, may allow one to study additional details related to reionization. For this purpose, we discuss an optimized higher order correlation measurement, in the form of a three-point function, including information from large angular scale CMB temperature anisotropies in addition to arcminute scale polarization signal related to inhomogeneous reionization. We suggest that the proposed bispectrum can be measured with a substantial signal-to-noise ratio and does not require all-sky maps of CMB polarization or that of the tracer field. A measurement such as the one proposed may allow one to establish the epoch when CMB polarization related to reionization is generated and to address if the universe was reionized once or twice.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures; Version in press with Phys. Rev.

Chaotic Inflationary Universe on Brane

The chaotic inflationary model of the early universe, proposed by Linde is explored in the brane world considering matter described by a minimally coupled self interacting scalar field. We obtain cosmological solutions which admit evolution of a universe either from a singularity or without a singularity. It is found that a very weakly coupled self-interacting scalar field is necessary for a quartic type potential in the brane world model compared to that necessary in general relativity. In the brane world sufficient inflation may be obtained even with an initial scalar field having value less than the Planck scale. It is found that if the universe is kinetic energy dominated to begin with, it transits to an inflationary stage subsequently.Comment: 13 pages, no fig., accepted in Physical Review

Gravitational lensing as a contaminant of the gravity wave signal in CMB

Gravity waves (GW) in the early universe generate B-type polarization in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which can be used as a direct way to measure the energy scale of inflation. Gravitational lensing contaminates the GW signal by converting the dominant E polarization into B polarization. By reconstructing the lensing potential from CMB itself one can decontaminate the B mode induced by lensing. We present results of numerical simulations of B mode delensing using quadratic and iterative maximum-likelihood lensing reconstruction methods as a function of detector noise and beam. In our simulations we find the quadratic method can reduce the lensing B noise power by up to a factor of 7, close to the no noise limit. In contrast, the iterative method shows significant improvements even at the lowest noise levels we tested. We demonstrate explicitly that with this method at least a factor of 40 noise power reduction in lensing induced B power is possible, suggesting that T/S=10^-6 may be achievable in the absence of sky cuts, foregrounds, and instrumental systematics. While we do not find any fundamental lower limit due to lensing, we find that for high-sensitivity detectors residual lensing noise dominates over the detector noise.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PR

Evaluation of microbial and enzymatic communities in soil and rizosphere from soybean plants.

Understanding the biological and biochemical soil properties, as well as its enzymatic activity is important in designing an efficient alternative to demonstrate desired modifications in the soil. Such modifications are related to crop systems, cultivation practices or other human activities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of some microorganisms ( Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Trichoderma and Fusarium ) and enzymatic activity in soil from soybean crops with different yields. Soil sampling was determined according to the productivity yields of the property, which were divided into high, medium, and low yield. Microorganisms were evaluated by counting populations of fungi and bacteria through serial dilutions of total bacteria, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma and Fusarium. The \u3b2-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase activities were determined by spectrophotometry after one hour of incubation at 37 \ub0C, with the specific substrate p-nitrophenol-\u3b2-D-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenol-phosphate and p-nitrophenyl sulphate, respectively, for each studied enzyme. Urease was determined by the ammonium release method, after incubating the soil with urea for two hours, at 37 \ub0C. Soil samples from the high-yield plot had higher concentrations of Bacillus and total bacteria. The low-yield soil showed a higher level of colonies of the genus Fusarium. The studied enzyme activities (\u3b2-glycosidase, arylsulphatase and urea) were found at lower values in soil samples from the high-yield field and differed statistically from the low-yield field. However, in the rhizosphere samples, these enzymes had a higher activity in the high-yield field. In view of these results, it is possible that the yield of soybean plants influences the number of microorganisms and the enzymatic activity of the soil microbiota.Comprendre les propri\ue9t\ue9s biologiques et biochimiques du sol, de m\ueame que son activit\ue9 enzymatique est important dans la mise \u153uvre d\u2019une alternative efficiente pour d\ue9montrer les modifications d\ue9sir\ue9es dans le sol. De telles modifications sont reli\ue9es aux syst\ue8mes de culture, pratiques culturales ou les autres activit\ue9s humaines. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer la diversit\ue9 de quelques microorganismes ( Bacillus , Pseudomonas , Trichoderma and Fusarium ) et activit\ue9 enzymatique dans le sol des cultures du soja avec diff\ue9rents rendements. L\u2019\ue9chantillonnage des sols \ue9tait d\ue9termin\ue9 selon la productivit\ue9 de la propri\ue9t\ue9, qui \ue9tait divis\ue9e en \ue9lev\ue9e, moyenne et faible rendement. Les microorganismes \ue9taient \ue9valu\ue9s par comptage des populations des champignons et bact\ue9ries \ue0 travers des s\ue9ries de dilutions des bact\ue9ries totales, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma and Fusarium. Les activit\ue9s du b-glucosidase, acide phosphatase et arylsulphatase \ue9taient d\ue9termin\ue9es par la spectrophotom\ue9trie apr\ue8s une heure d\u2019incubation \ue0 37\ub0C, avec le substrat sp\ue9cifique de p-nitrophenol-\u3b2-D-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenol-phosphate et p-nitrophenyl sulphate, respectivement, pour chaque enzyme \ue9tudi\ue9e. Ur\ue9ase \ue9tait d\ue9termin\ue9e par la m\ue9thode de la lib\ue9ration d\u2019ammonium, apr\ue8s incubation du sol avec l\u2019ur\ue9e pendant deux heures, \ue0 37\ub0C. Les \ue9chantillons des terres \ue0 haut rendement ont les concentrations \ue9lev\ue9es en Bacillus et bact\ue9rie totale. Les terres \ue0 faible rendement ont montr\ue9 un niveau \ue9lev\ue9 de colonies du genre Fusarium. Les activit\ue9s des enzymes \ue9tudi\ue9es (b-glycosidase, arylsulphatase et ur\ue9e) \ue9taient trouv\ue9es \ue0 de faibles valeurs dans les \ue9chantillons de terres \ue0 haut rendement et diff\ue8rent statistiquement des terres \ue0 faible rendement. N\ue9anmoins, dans les \ue9chantillons de la rhizosph\ue8re, ces enzymes ont une activit\ue9 \ue9lev\ue9e sur les terres \ue0 rendement \ue9lev\ue9. D\u2019apr\ue8s ces r\ue9sultats, il est possible que le rendement des plants du soja influence le nombre de microorganismes et l\u2019activit\ue9 des enzymes des sols microbiote

A Influência De Crenças E Tabus Alimentares Na Amamentação

Cultural factors, such as food taboos, negatively influence the promotion of breastfeeding, resulting in early weaning. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in eating habits of a group of mothers in relation to breastfeeding. Cross-sectional study consisting of mothers of children under two years old enrolled in the Child Care Program of two Basic Health Units of Guarapuava-PR. One located in the peripheral region (US 1) and the other in the central area (US 2) to detect differences in eating habits of this population. The study included 96 mothers with mean age 25,11 years, of which 86.5% said they believed that some food would undermine breastfeeding. The main foods to be avoided, according to the mothers, were acidic foods, alcohol, chocolate and soft drinks. Mothers of units 1 and 2 have made mention consumption of foods derived from corn, and only two mentioned in the U.S. 2 beer consumption as food lactogenic black. No differences were found between the health U.S. 1 and U.S. 2. In relation to dietary restrictions were not found relevant data related to the taboos of the interviewees. Highlights the importance of orientation to promote breastfeeding and encourage mothers to solve any doubts, avoiding early weaning and continued breastfeeding until two years of age or older child.40222122