Measurement Of Sucrose And Ethanol Concentrations In Process Streams And Effluents Of Sugarcane Bioethanol Industry By Optical Fiber Sensor

The measurement of process streams and effluents from sugar-ethanol industry by using optical fiber sensor based on Fresnel reflection principle is reported. Firstly, binary sucrose-water and ethanol-water solutions were measured in order to determine the calibration curves. Secondly, the co-products from various processing stages were analyzed in order to identify the sucrose or ethanol concentration. The absolute error was calculated by comparison between the nominal concentration values obtained by plant laboratory analysis and the sensor response, yielding errors ≤ 5 wt% and ≤ 5 vol% for sucrose and ethanol content, respectively. The fiber sensor provided reliable results even for samples with more complex compositions than pure sucrose or ethanol solutions, with perspectives of application on the several stages of the plant facility. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).7753Oz Optics,Simbol Test Systems, Inc.,FISO Technologies, Inc.,CMC Microsystems Corporation,Innovative Economy: National Strategic Reference FrameworkCortez, L.A.B., Lora, E.E.S., Gómez, E.O., (2008) Biomass for Energy (Biomassa para Energia), pp. 435-472. , Editora da Unicamp, CampinasPaiva, R.P.O., Morabito, R., Na optimization model for the aggregate production planning of a Brazilian sugar and ethanol milling company (2009) Ann. Oper. Res., 169 (1), pp. 117-130Fujiwara, E., Takeishi, R.T., Hase, A., Ono, E., Santos, J.S., Suzuki, C.K., Real-time optical fibre sensor for hydro-alcoholic solutions (2010) Meas. Sci. Technol., 21 (9), pp. 094035+1-5Kim, C.-B., Su, C.B., Measurement of the refractive index of liquids at 1.3 and 1.5 micron using a fibre optic Fresnel ratio meter (2004) Meas. Sci. Tecnol., 15 (9), pp. 1683-1686Su, H., Huang, X.G., Fresnel-reflection-based fiber sensor for on-line measurement of solute concentration in solutions (2007) Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem., 126 (2), pp. 579-582Zhao, J.R., Huang, X.G., Chen, J.H., A Fresnel-reflection-based fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of liquid concentration and temperature (2009) J. Appl. Phys., 106 (8), pp. 1-5Longtin, J.P., Fan, C.-H., Precision laser-based concentration and refractive index measurement of liquids (1998) Nanosc. Microsc. Thermophys. Eng., 2 (4), pp. 261-272Herráez, J.V., Belda, R., Refractive indices, densities and excess molar volumes of monoalcohols+water (2006) J. Solut. Chem., 35 (9), pp. 1315-1328Chen, J.C.P., Chou, C.C., (1993) Cane Sugar Handbook: A Manual for Cane Sugar Manufactures and Their Chemists, pp. 779-970. , John Willey & Sons, New Yor

Irrelevance of photon events distinguishability in a class of Bell experiments

We show that the possibility of distinguishing between single- and two-photon detection events, usually not met in the actual experiments, is not a necessary requirement for proof that the experiments of Alley and Shih [Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2921 (1988)] and Ou and Mandel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 50 (1988)] are modulo a fair sampling assumption, valid tests of local realism. We also give the critical parameters for the experiments to be unconditional tests of local realism, and show that some other interesting phenomena (involving bosonic-type particle indistinguishability) can be observed during such tests

Real-time Optical Fiber Sensor For Hydro-alcoholic Solutions

The real-time determination of hydro-alcoholic concentration in alcohol distillation plants is a primordial condition in order to preserve the quality and reduce production losses. Presented research proposes a Fresnel reflectometric optical fiber sensor for the determination of hydro-alcoholic concentration in liquids. The intensity of reflected light and the sample temperature are continuously measured and processed by a fast algorithm. Calibration curves were prepared for a range from 0 to 100% of water in alcohol (ethanol) and adjusted to second order polynomials. According to functional tests, sensor provides maximal error of 1.3 % for concentration values and proportionates practically real-time analysis. © 2009 SPIE.7503Kamm, B., Gruber, P.R., Kamm, M., (2006) Biorefineries - Industrial Processes and Products: Status Quo and Future Directions, 1. , 964 p, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, GermanyGusken, E., Salgado, R.M., Rossel, C.E.V., Ohishi, T., Suzuki, C.K., Hybrid optical fiber sensor and artificial neural networks system for bioethanol quality control and productivity enhancement (2008) 19th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, , PerthPrasad, P.R., Rao, K.S.R., Bhuvaneswari, K., Praveena, N., Srikanth, Y.V.V., Determination of ethanol in blend petrol by gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2008) Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental EffectsYano, T., Aimi, T., Nakano, Y., Tamai, M., Prediction of the concentrations of ethanol and acetic acid in the culture broth of a rice vinegar fermentation using near-infrared spectroscopy (1997) J. Ferm. Bioeng, 84 (5), pp. 461-465Cardona, C.A., Sanches, O.J., Fuel ethanol production: Process design trends and integration opportunities (2007) Bioresource Technology, 98, pp. 2415-2457Kim, C.B., Su, C.B., Measurement of the refractive index of liquids at 1.3 and 1.5 microns using a fibre optic Fresnel ratiometer (2004) Meas. Sci. Technol, 15, pp. 1683-1686Lee, B., Review of present status of optical fiber sensors (2000) Opt. Fiber Technol, 71 (10), pp. 3864-3868Cho, S., Chung, H., Woo, Y.A., Kim, H.J., Determination of water content in ethanol by miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) systems (2005) Bull. Korean. Chem. Soc, 26 (1), pp. 115-118King, D., Lyons, W.B., Flanagan, C., Lewis, E., An optical-fiber sensor for use in water systems utilizing digital signal processing techniques and artificial neural network pattern recognition (2004) IEEE Sens. J, 4 (1), pp. 21-27C.K. Suzuki, E. Gusken, A.C. Mercado, E. Fujiwara, E. Ono, Fiber Optics Sensing System For Liquid Fuels, OMPI Patent, Prot. PCT/BR2008/000231, 2007Meyer, R.D., Eesley, G.L., Optical fiber refractometer (1987) Rev. Sci. Instrum, 58 (11), pp. 2047-2048Scott Jr., T.A., Refractive index of ethanol-water mixtures and density and refractive index of ethanol-water-ethyl ether mixtures (1946) J. Phys. Chem, 50 (5), pp. 406-41

A biphotons double slit experiment

In this paper we present a double slit experiment where two undistinguishable photons produced by type I PDC are sent each to a well defined slit. Data about the diffraction and interference patterns for coincidences are presented and discussed. An analysis of these data allows a first test of standard quantum mechanics against de Broglie-Bohm theory

Magnetism in a lattice of spinor Bose condensates

We study the ground state magnetic properties of ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates confined in a deep optical lattices. In the Mott insulator regime, the ``mini-condensates'' at each lattice site behave as mesoscopic spin magnets that can interact with neighboring sites through both the static magnetic dipolar interaction and the light-induced dipolar interaction. We show that such an array of spin magnets can undergo a ferromagnetic or anti-ferromagnetic phase transition under the magnetic dipolar interaction depending on the dimension of the confining optical lattice. The ground-state spin configurations and related magnetic properties are investigated in detail

Single-particle nonlocality and entanglement with the vacuum

We propose a single-particle experiment that is equivalent to the conventional two-particle experiment used to demonstrate a violation of Bell's inequalities. Hence, we argue that quantum mechanical nonlocality can be demonstrated by single-particle states. The validity of such a claim has been discussed in the literature, but without reaching a clear consensus. We show that the disagreement can be traced to what part of the total state of the experiment one assigns to the (macroscopic) measurement apparatus. However, with a conventional and legitimate interpretation of the measurement process one is led to the conclusion that even a single particle can show nonlocal properties.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Combined kinase inhibitors of MEK1/2 and either PI3K or PDGFR are efficacious in intracranial triple-negative breast cancer

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lacking expression of hormone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors, is an aggressive subtype that frequently metastasizes to the brain and has no FDA-approved systemic therapies. Previous literature demonstrates mitogen-Activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) pathway activation in TNBC brain metastases. Thus, we aimed to discover rational combinatorial therapies with MEK inhibition, hypothesizing that co-inhibition using clinically available brain-penetrant inhibitors would improve survival in preclinical models of TNBC brain metastases. Methods: Using human-derived TNBC cell lines, synthetic lethal small interfering RNA kinase screens were evaluated with brain-penetrant inhibitors against MEK1/2 (selumetinib, AZD6244) or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K; buparlisib, BKM120). Mice bearing intracranial TNBC tumors (SUM149, MDA-MB-231Br, MDA-MB-468, or MDA-MB-436) were treated with MEK, PI3K, or platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR; pazopanib) inhibitors alone or in combination. Tumors were analyzed by western blot and multiplexed kinase inhibitor beads/mass spectrometry to assess treatment effects. Results: Screens identified MEK+PI3K and MEK+PDGFR inhibitors as tractable, rational combinations. Dual treatment of selumetinib with buparlisib or pazopanib was synergistic in TNBC cells in vitro. Both combinations improved survival in intracranial SUM149 and MDA-MB-231Br, but not MDA-MB-468 or MDA-MB-436. Treatments decreased mitogen-Activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K (Akt) signaling in sensitive (SUM149 and 231Br) but not resistant models (MDA-MB-468). Exploratory analysis of kinome reprogramming in SUM149 intracranial tumors after MEK PI3K inhibition demonstrates extensive kinome changes with treatment, especially in MAPK pathway members. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that rational combinations of the clinically available inhibitors selumetinib with buparlisib or pazopanib may prove to be promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of some TNBC brain metastases. Additionally, effective combination treatments cause widespread alterations in kinase pathways, including targetable potential resistance drivers

Quantum Cryptography Using Single Particle Entanglement

A quantum cryptography scheme based on entanglement between a single particle state and a vacuum state is proposed. The scheme utilizes linear optics devices to detect the superposition of the vacuum and single particle states. Existence of an eavesdropper can be detected by using a variant of Bell's inequality.Comment: 4 pages, 3figures, revte

Optical mapping compendium of structural variants across global cattle breeds

Structural variants (SV) have been linked to important bovine disease phenotypes, but due to the difficulty of their accurate detection with standard sequencing approaches, their role in shaping important traits across cattle breeds is largely unexplored. Optical mapping is an alternative approach for mapping SVs that has been shown to have higher sensitivity than DNA sequencing approaches. The aim of this project was to use optical mapping to develop a high-quality database of structural variation across cattle breeds from different geographical regions, to enable further study of SVs in cattle. To do this we generated 100X Bionano optical mapping data for 18 cattle of nine different ancestries, three continents and both cattle sub-species. In total we identified 13,457 SVs, of which 1,200 putatively overlap coding regions. This resource provides a high-quality set of optical mapping-based SV calls that can be used across studies, from validating DNA sequencing-based SV calls to prioritising candidate functional variants in genetic association studies and expanding our understanding of the role of SVs in cattle evolution