Cluster and Factor Analyses as Contributions to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring of the Marizal/São Sebastião Aquifer System, Alagoinhas (Bahia, Brazil)

The Marizal/São Sebastião aquifer system is the main water supply of the municipality of Alagoinhas in the state of Bahia. However, anthropic interventions contribute to soil and groundwater pollution, increasing the need for related research. Multivariate statistical analysis is a widely used tool, helping in the investigation of groundwater quality while being capable of simultaneously evaluating diverse variables of a sample set. In this study, factor analysis and multivariate cluster analysis methodologies were applied. Ten of the most influential variables for groundwater quality were selected and then grouped into two factors. The first factor included electrical conductivity, salinity, calcium, chloride, sulfate, manganese, and iron, which are indicators of water salinity. The second factor encompassed pH,  bicarbonate, and phosphate, indicating anthropic interventions and alkalinity in the environment. The multivariate cluster analysis was applied to the parameters of both factors, resulting in dendrograms with four clusters. The present study showed that the multivariate statistical analysis is an efficient tool for monitoring and can contribute to the management of groundwater quality

ANÁLISE HIDROGEOQUÍMICA COMPARATIVO ENTRE OS AMBIENTES CARBONÁTICOS DO ESTADO DA BAHIA – UMA ABORDAGEM ESTATÍSTICA

This study discusses the hydrogeochemistry among the carbonate environments of the State of Bahia. The study areas are: Fm Salitre; Fm Sete Lagoas / Lagoa do Jacaré; and Fm Olhos d’água / Jacoca. The results suggest that Fm. Olhos D'água/ Jacoca shows a high concentration of physical-chemical elements, hardness, salinity and geochemical signature shows chloride and sodium tendency. The electrical conductivity shows significant correlation with Na+ e Cl-, elements of climatic origin. The Lagoas de Sete Lagoas / Lagoa do Jacaré have registered the lower concentration of parameters, hardness, salinity and geochemical signature shows bicarbonate and calcium tendency. The electrical conductivity shows significant correlation with Na+, Cl-, SO4-2 e HCO3-, suggesting a shared contribution between the elements of climatic and lithological origin. In the Salitre Fm, the geochemical signature shows bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium tendency. The electrical conductivity shows significant correlation with Mg+2, suggesting influence of elements of lithological. The three environments differ themselves according to the mean variations of Mg+ 2 and HCO3-. The Sete Lagoas / Lagoa do Jacaré Fm differ themselves of the others according to mean variation of Ca+2. These results are related with diferente mineral distributions in lithofacies. The Sete Lagoas / Lagoa do Jacaré Fm differ themselves of Salitre Fm according to mean variation of SO4-2, possibly associated with concentration variation of sulfide in the área.O presente trabalho discute as variações hidrogeoquímicas nas águas subterrâneas dos ambientes carbonáticos do Estado da Bahia. As Formações (Fm) em estudo são: Fm Salitre; Fm Sete Lagoas/Lagoa do Jacaré; e Fm Olhos d’água/Jacoca. Os resultados apontam que as Fm Olhos d’água/Jacoca apresentam maior concentrações de constituintes químicos, dureza, salinidade e assinatura geoquímica revelando tendências cloretadas e sódicas. A CE apresentou forte correlacão com Na+ e Cl-, componentes pluviométricos. As Fm Sete Lagoas/Lagoa do Jacaré apresentaram menor concentração de elementos químicos, dureza, salinidade e assinatura geoquímica revelando tendências bicarbonatada cálcica. A CE apresentou forte correlação com o Na+, Cl-, SO4-2 e HCO3-, indicando contribuição climática e litológicos. Já na Fm Salitre apresentou assinatura geoquímica revelando tendências bicarbonatada, cálcica e secundariamente magnesiana. A CE apresentou forte correlação com o Mg+2, indicando influência de componentes litológicos. Os três ambientes se diferenciaram em relação às médias de Mg+2 e HCO3-2. Já as Fm Sete Lagoas/Lagoa do Jacaré se diferenciam das demais devido às médias de Ca+2. Estes resultados foram associados as diferentes distribuições mineralógicas nas litofácies. As Fm Sete Lagoas/Lagoa do Jacaré também se diferenciam da Fm Salitre devido às médias de SO4-2, possivelmente associado à variação de concentração de sulfetos nas áreas

ANÁLISE DE FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS À INDICAÇÃO DE RECOSNTRUÇÃO MAMÁRIA IMEDIATA

Objetivos: Esse trabalho teve como objetivo identificar se os fatores de risco descritos estão associados à contra-indicação de reconstrução mamária imediata em um serviço filantrópico da cidade de São Paulo. Métodos: Registros de uma base de dados mantida prospectivamente incluindo todas as pacientes operadas no Serviço de Filantropia do Núcleo de Mastologia do Hospital Sírio Libanês durante o ano de 2015 foi consultado. Os fatores de risco analisados foram: Idade, comorbidades, tabagismo, índice de massa corporal e tratamento neoadjuvante. A indicação de reconstrução imediata das mamas foi considerada como desfecho principal. Resultados: Foram incluídas no estudo 225 pacientes operadas por câncer de mama. Destas, 124 (55,1%) pacientes realizaram a reconstrução mamária no mesmo tempo cirúrgico. A idade média das pacientes que realizaram reconstrução imediata das mamas foi 52,3 com desvio padrão de 1,0. Cento e trinta e oito pacientes (61,3%) possuíam alguma comorbidade clínica. Dessas, 65 (47%) realizaram reconstrução imediata. Das pacientes tabagistas, 16 (59,3%) realizaram resconstrução imediata. Já do grupo de pacientes composto por ex tabagistas e por pacientes que nunca fumaram, 102 (58,7%) foram submetidas ao procedimento cirúrgico. A média de IMC das pacientes que realizaram reconstrução imediata das mamas foi 27 com desvio padrão de 0,4. Das pacientes que realizaram neoadjuvância, 55 (73,3%), também foram submetidas à reconstrução imediata. Conclusão: A indicação cirúrgica deve ser personalizada, levando em consideração diversas características da paciente

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: Peering through the waves

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods: This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to 4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results: Throughout the study, 17,101 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130 (0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was 54 (IQR: 43.0;64.0) years in 2020 and 53 (IQR: 46.0;63.5) years in 2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In 2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in 2021 (25.0% vs. 25.1%; p > 0.999). Conclusions: Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in 2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Qualidade de vida de indivíduos com HIV: revisão integrativa / Quality of living of individuals with HIV integration review

 A qualidade de  vida de pacientes vivendo com HIV/AIDS é essencial, tendo em vista o caso específico dos adolescentes é ainda mais importante porque o jovem além de lidar com a resistência e a aceitação da doença, deve também enfrentar os conflitos da puberdade.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa em relação a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HIV. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa realizado no período de 2016 a 2017, utilizando-se o banco de dados Medline e Lilacs. Apesar do impacto da infecção pelo HIV/AIDS na saúde psicológica e nas relações sociais dos indivíduos infectados, assim como no domínio físico, o uso da TARV provocou consequências positivas na saúde psicológica, proporcionando a desconstrução da ideia de morte advinda ao diagnóstico de portador do HIV/AIDS e a construção de melhores perspectivas de vida. A adesão ao tratamento em HIV/AIDS está relacionada a um aumento da sobrevida e de sua qualidade. Porém deve-se respeitar a posição pessoal do portador para fazer ou não o tratamento

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost