CORRELATION OF ADDUCTOR METACARPOPHALANGEAL SESAMOID OSSIFICATION STAGES WITH DENTOFACIAL PROFILE CHANGES

This study aimed to correlate facial growth velocity of certain parameters with ossification stages of adductor metacarpophalangeal sesamoid as a maturity indicator. 59 mixed longitudinal lateral cephalograms and left hand-wrist radiographs for Lebanese school children (Males 23, females 23) between 9 and 15 years of age were randomly selected from the records of the out-patient clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry at Beirut Arab University. Participants have had acceptable facial profile and class I skeletal relationship. The collected data were tabulated and statistically analyzed; one way analysis of variance (1- way Anova) was performed to detect the level of significant changes in facial profile parameters with respect to ossification stages. Pearson correlation test was employed to determine whether significant differences were present between the craniofacial profile parameters and ossification stages of adductor sesamoid for males and females. The results revealed that not all the parameters measured showed correlation with the adductor sesamoid ossification stages (P < 0.05) significance level, the mandibular dimensions (Ar-Go) (r=0.758) females, (r=0.655) for males & (S-Gn) (r=0.687) males, (r=0.518) females showed the highest correlation with ossification of the adductor sesamoid at stage 3; thus if adductor sesamoid is not ossified, mandibular growth is still to come

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in uropathogenic E. coli is of major concern worldwide due to its increasing resistance to several commonly prescribed antibiotics. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and to evaluate the presence and antibiogram pattern of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho city, Iraq.Methods: 1120 urine samples were collected from people. Samples were screened for E. coli isolates and their susceptibility to different antibiotics was analyzed.Results: Diagnoses tests showed that only 106 (9.4%) isolates were E. coli. Females (90, 85%) were more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than males (16, 15%) (p <0.05). The age 11-21 years old (23, 21.7%) was the most affected group (p <0.05). All isolates were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and aztreonam. While, all these isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem.Conclusions: The incidence of uropathogenic E. coli among people is comparable with reports from elsewhere. E. coli isolates are highly susceptible towards imipenem, and meropenem antibiotics, and highly resistant towards β-lactam and cephalosporins antibiotics. Education programs and improving the hygienic measures are necessary to prevent contaminations with E. coli and minimize the use of β-lactam and cephalosporin antibiotics

Sustainability of Complexes and Residential Buildings in the Architecture of Sana`a Old City and Use it in Contemporary Architecture

Despite the diversity and variation in Yemen’s climate which includes several climatic regions: hot humid, temperate, hot-dry arid, semi-arid climates, most of the traditional Yemeni’s cities architecture has contributed to a great extent in satisfying the inhabitants requirements and at same time adapted to the surrounding natural environment. Yemen has largely preserved its traditional heritage and unique organic architecture that are characterized by using available local materials, blending with the climate, adapting to the environment, achieving comfort to its inhabitants, and contributing to the management of water usage and waste recycling. The old city of Sana`a is a living example of one of the most important traditional Yemeni cities, which features a unique architecture. The research aims to evaluate the elements of sustainability of complexes and Residential&nbsp; in the Architecture of Sana`a Old City, which is characterized by an environment mountainous and temperate climate semi-dry most months of the year and cold winters, this has led to the emergence of a special Architectural Old City of Sanaa tried through which to achieve the elements of sustainability in urban and architectural side and to achieve the objective of this research will be presented and analyzed various sustainability applications that have been adopted in the city of Sanaa, in terms of observance of the climatic conditions and the surrounding environment, and how she was able to meet the requirements of the occupants and check their comfort. The paper deals with the urban fabric of the city of different architectural and processors that have been used in communities and residential buildings, in particular, and explaining some of the possible ways to take advantage in contemporary Yemeni architecture by adopting and developing ways of achieving the elements of sustainability used in communities and residential buildings in building traditional Sana'a city and its application in contemporary architecture. Keywords: Sustainability, Complexes and residential buildings, Traditional architecture, Old City of Sana`a, Architectural elements, Contemporary architecture.على الرغم من تنوع وتباين مناخ اليمن والذي ينقسم إلى عدة أقاليم مناخية تشمل: المناخ الحار (الجاف والرطب)، المناخ المعتدل شبه الجاف، المناخ الصحراوي الجاف وشبه الصحراوي، إلا أن معظم عمارة المدن اليمنية التقليدية قد ساهمت إلى حد كبير في تلبية متطلبات ساكنيها وتكيفت مع بيئتها الطبيعية المحيطة. ولقد حافظت اليمن إلى حد كبير على تراثها التقليدي وعمارتها العضوية المتفردة المعتمدة على المواد المحلية المتاحة والمتلائمة مع المناخ والمحققة لراحة ساكنيها والمساهمة في إدارة استخدام المياه وتدوير مخلفاتها. وتعتبر مدينة صنعاء القديمة مثالاً حياً لإحدى أهم المدن اليمنية التقليدية والتي تتميز بطابع معماري متفرد. ويهدف البحث إلى تقييم مقومات تحقيق الاستدامة في التجمعات والمباني السكنية بمدينة صنعاء القديمة والتي تتميز ببيئة جبلية ومناخ معتدل شبه جاف أغلب شهور العام وشتاء بارد، وقد أدى هذا إلى ظهور طابع معماري خاص بمدينة صنعاء القديمة حاولت من خلاله تحقيق مقومات الاستدامة في الجانب العمراني والمعماري. ولتحقيق هدف البحث سيتم عرض وتحليل تطبيقات الاستدامة المختلفة التي تم تبنيها في مدينة صنعاء من حيث مراعاتها لظروفها المناخية وبيئتها المحيطة، وكيف استطاعت أن تلبي متطلبات ساكنيها وتحقق راحتهم. ويتناول البحث النسيج العمراني للمدينة والمعالجات المعمارية المختلفة التي تم استخدامها في التجمعات والمباني السكنية على وجه الخصوص، وموضحاً بعض سبل الاستفادة الممكنة في العمارة اليمنية الحديثة عن طريق تبني وتطوير طرق تحقيق مقومات الاستدامة المستخدمة في التجمعات والمباني السكنية في عمارة مدينة صنعاء التقليدية. الكلمات المفتاحية: مقومات الاستدامة، التجمعات والمباني السكنية، العمارة التقليدية، مدينة صنعاء القديمة، العناصر المعمارية، العمارة الحديثة

Genetic stability of in vitro multiplied Phalaenopsis gigantea protocorm-like bodies as affected by chitosan

Chitosan is a carbohydrate polymer derivative of chitin which presents in shell of crustaceans. This biopolymer is a non toxic and environmentally friendly, considered as a plant growth stimulator in some plant species. The present study investigates the effects of chitosan and media types on multiplication and genetic stability of Phalaenopsis gigantea protocorm-like bodies (PLBs). PLBs were inoculated in liquid New Dogashima Medium (NDM) and Vacin and Went (VW) supplemented with various concentrations of chitosan (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/L). The highest PLB multiplication was observed on VW and NDM supplemented with 10 mg/L chitosan with mean number of PLBs 177 and 147, respectively. Chitosan promoted the formation of juvenile leaves and the highest number was observed in NDM supplemented with 20 mg/L chitosan with mean number of 66 leaves after 8 weeks of culture. Genetic stability was assessed among mother plant and secondary PLBs after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of culture in liquid media. 8 out of 10 ISSR markers produced a total of 275 clear and reproducible bands with mean of 6.9 bands per primer. The secondary PLBs produced during sub-culturing process of chitosan treated liquid culture were genetically uniform and similar to mother plant

Bestimmung des antigenspezifischen T-Zellprofils im Verlauf einer Wespengift-Immuntherapie durch Anreicherung antigenspezifischer T-Zellen direkt und ex-vivo

Um ein besseres Verständnis für den Wirkmechanismus von spezifische Immuntherapie (SIT) zur Behandlung von Wespengiftallergien zu erlangen, wurden in der vorliegenden Untersuchung die antigenspezifischen, peripheren T-Zellantworten während der Einleitung einer Wespengift-Immuntherapie direkt und ex-vivo mittels Durchflusszytometrie charakterisiert. Hierfür wurde das neuartige antigenspezifische T-Zellen-Anreicherungs-Protokoll (ARTE: antigen-reactive T cell enrichment) eingesetzt, das es ermöglicht, geringe Mengen antigenspezifischer T-Zellen durchflusszytometrisch zu untersuchen.Wasp venom allergy is one of the main reasons for severe anaphylaxy. Although venom immunotherapy (VIT) is an efficient therapy, its mechanisms at the antigen specific T-cell level are still not completely understood and studies are limited due to their low frequency in the periphery. Here we characterised antigen-specific peripheral T-cell responses during initiation of VIT directly ex vivo by applying the novel flow cytometric antigen-reactive T cell enrichment protocol (ARTE) to analyse small amounts of antigen-specific T cells

Effect of soft story on structural response of high rise buildings.

Severe structural damage suffered by several modern buildings during recent earthquakes illustrates the importance of avoiding sudden changes in lateral stiffness and strength. Recent earthquakes that occurred have shown that a large number of existing reinforced concrete buildings are vulnerable to damage or even collapse during a strong earthquake. While damage and collapse due to soft story are most often observed in buildings, they can also be developed in other types of structures. The lower level containing the concrete columns behaved as a soft story in that the columns were unable to provide adequate shear resistance during the earthquake. Usually the most economical way of retrofitting such as a building is by adding proper bracing to soft stories. So, in this paper occurring of soft at the lower level of high rise buildings subjected to earthquake has been studied. Also has been tired to investigate on adding of bracing in various arrangements to structure in order to reduce soft story effect on seismic response of building. It is lead to assess the vulnerability level of existing multi-storied buildings so that they can be retrofitted to possess the minimum requirements. This will help in minimizing the impending damages and catastrophes

Réponse à la température et à la salinité de la germination des semences d’Allium ampeloprasum en Tunisie

High salinity and temperature are major problems inhibiting seeds germination and threatening plant cover in arid environment such as the conditions in some regions in Tunisia. Thus, the use of adapted species to rehabilitate these regions could be an alternative to overcome these environmental constraints. In the present study, we intended to evaluate the effect of salt and temperature on seed germination of the wild leek (A. ampeloprasum L.) from two different Tunisian islands (Kneiss & Djerba). Three temperatures (15° C, 23° C & 30° C) and four salinity levels (0, 75, 150 & 225 mM NaCl) were tested in a 14 h dark:10 h light photoperiod. The two studied populations showed a similar behaviour. The optimum temperature for seed germination was 15° C. G ermination was inhibited by an increase in both temperature and salinity. Salt stress decreased both the final germination rate and the final germination percentage (PG%). Delay of germination (T0) and the time to half of germination (T50) significantly (p < 0.05) increased in response to salt and temperature increasing. An interaction between salinity and temperature completely inhibited germination in 225 mM NaCl at 30° C. S eeds transferred from salt solution to distilled water showed a recovery percentage (R%) varying from 0 to 40.6 %. Viability test showed that all non-germinated seeds were alive proving that A. ampeloprasum adopted a strategy of temporal inhibition of germination to survive under salt and temperatures increasing. As such it could be classified as a moderately salt tolerant speciesLa salinité et les températures élevées sont les principaux problèmes inhibant la germination des semences et menaçant le couvert végétal dans les environnements arides comme c'est lc cas dans certaines régions de Tunisie. Ainsi, pour réhabiliter ces régions, des espèces adaptées peuvent être utilisées pour contourner ces contraintes environnementales. Dans la présente étude, on a évalué l'effet du sel et de la température sur la germination des semences d'Allium ampeloprasum de deux îles tunisiennes (Kneiss & Djerba). Trois températures (15° C, 23° C & 30° C) et quatre niveaux de salinité (0, 75, 150 & 225 mM NaCl) ont été testés à une photopériode de 10 h. Les deux populations étudiées ont montré des comportements similaires. L'optimum thermique pour la germination a été de 15° C. La germination a été inhibée par une augmentation de température et de salinité. Le sel a diminué le taux de germination finale et le pourcentage de germination (PG%). Le délai de germination (To) et le temps pour 50 % de germination (T50) ont augmenté significativement en réponse à une augmentation de la température et de la salinité. Une interaction entre la salinité et la température a complètement inhibé la germination à 30° C avec 225 mM NaCl. Les semences transférées à l'eau distillée ont montré un pourcentage de recouvrement variant de 0 à 40,6 %. Le test de viabilité a montré que toutes les semences non germées étaient viables, prouvant ainsi que A. ampeloprasum adopte une stratégie d'inhibition temporaire de germination pour survivre à des hautes températures et salinités. A. ampeloprasum peut être classifié comme une espèce modérément tolérante

Inelastic seismic response of RC building with control system.

Conventional buildings are mainly designed based on elastic analysis of structures subjected to moderate earthquakes. In this case, the seismic forces are much smaller than the forces introduced by strong ground motions with the considered structural behavior going to nonlinear response during these severe earthquakes. Improving the earthquake resistance of reinforced concrete buildings using a variety of earthquake energy dissipation systems has received considerable attention in recent years by civil engineers. In the present study, a nonlinear computational scheme was developed to predict the complete nonlinear dynamic response of reinforced concrete framed buildings equipped with viscous damper device subjected to earthquake excitation. A finite element program code is developed based on the nonlinear analysis procedure of reinforced concrete buildings equipped with viscous damper devices and a two dimensional, five story models of RC buildings subjected to earthquake were analyzed. Result of nonlinear analysis of RC buildings which furnished by viscous dampers indicated that using of viscous dampers effectively reduced the damages occurring in the building and structural motion during severe earthquakes

PREVALENCE AND GENOTYPING OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AND EVALUATION OF HCV-CORE ANTIGEN TEST IN SCREENING PATIENTS FOR DIALYSIS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN

Objective: Hepatitis C virus infection is a constant worldwide public health concern. The prevalence of HCV infection is higher in patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) than in the general population. Despite the control of blood products, hepatitis C virus transmission is still being observed among patients undergoing dialysis. Detection systems for serum HCV antibodies are insensitive in the acute phase because of the long serological window. Direct detection of HCV depends on PCR test but this test is not suitable for routine screening.&nbsp; The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of HCV, genotyping and&nbsp; if&nbsp; HCV core antigen test could be a better alternative to NAT techniques for the diagnosis of HCV infection during the window period and whether the sensitivity for antibody detection is preserved. Methods: Current study includes screening of 159 patients on long-term dialysis by HVC antibodies test, PCR HCV-RNA and HCV core antigen test by commercial tests. Results: The prevalence of HCV was 10.7% (17 patients) and genotype 4 was the most common one (64.7%). The sensitivity of HCV core antigen test was 94.1%, the specificity 100%, the positive predictive power 100%, and the negative predictive power 97.9%. In conclusions; patients on maintenance HD in Yemen have a high prevalence of HCV infection comparing with general population; and genotype 4 is predominant. Conclusion: The performance of serological detection of HCV core antigen was better than that of HCV antibodies test and&nbsp;&nbsp; may be an alternative to nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) for routine monitoring of patients on chronic dialysis. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Peer Review History: Received 24 March 2019; &nbsp;&nbsp;Revised 11 April; Accepted 21 April, Available online 15 May 2019 Academic Editor:&nbsp;Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. O.J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Dalia Kamal Zaffar Ali,&nbsp;Modern University for technology and information, Egypt,&nbsp;[email protected] Similar Articles: SERO-PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG DENTAL CLINIC WORKERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN AND THE RISK FACTORS CONTRIBUTING FOR ITS INFECTION EXPLOSION OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUSES AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AS A RESULT OF HEMODIALYSIS CRISIS IN YEME

Effect of an Educational Program based on Health Belief Model on Medication Adherence in Elderly Patients with Hypertension

Background: Aging population growth is accompanied by the risk of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Medication nonadherence is one of the problems affecting patients, especially elderly individuals with high blood pressure. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the effect of an educational program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on medication adherence in older adults suffering from hypertension. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60-year-old elderly people referring to health centers in Mashhad, Iran, during 2017. To this end, the intervention group received education on medication adherence while the control group was only subjected to typical routine services. The data were analyzed in SPSS Software (Version 20) through the independent t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The mean ages of the participants in the intervention and control groups were 69.1±8.3 and 63.9±6.7 years, respectively. The post-test mean score of medication adherence obtained by the intervention group was 6.7±0.5 that was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.7±1.0) (P˂0.001). Moreover, the mean score of medication adherence in the intervention group had significantly increased in the post-test phase (P˂0.001) based on the within-group results of the paired t-test. Implications for Practice: The HBM might improve medication adherence in elderly individuals with hypertension by changing their beliefs. Therefore, it was recommended to use this model for teaching self-care to older adults suffering from chronic illnesses and also in other senior healthcare centers