Institucionalização da propriedade fundiária e conflitos agrários no Município de Pinhão-Pr

Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Luiz Fernandes Cerveira FilhoOrientador: Prof. Dr. Osvaldo Heller da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/11/2013Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de Concentração SociologiaResumo: A presente dissertação partiu da seguinte indagação: quais foram os processos de institucionalização da propriedade fundiária rural no Paraná! Em específico, analisaremos as disputas pela propriedade fundiária envolvendo dois agentes sociais no município de Pinhão, centro-sul do Paraná, que há décadas estão em conflito, de um lado os denominados "Posseiros de Pinhão" e, de outro, a "Empresa Madeireira João José Zattar S.A". Os primeiros entendidos como uma fração dentro da diversidade que caracteriza o campesinato, o segundo compreendido como um representante da modernização conservadora no campo, identificado na atividade de extrativismo madeireiro. Para realizarmos nossa investigação optamos pela pesquisa qualitativa e analise documental tendo em vista rico (pela sua diversidade) e extenso (pela sua quantidade) acervo documental ao qual tivemos acesso, produzido por diversos órgãos estatais: Assembleia Legislativa, IAP, Poder Judiciário, movimentos sociais (AFATRUP), Junta Comercial do Paraná. De posse desta documentação realizamos nosso trabalho de campo no intuito de responder a questão norteadora que deveria ser alcançada por meio de três objetivos: I) Reconstrução dos processos institucionais da formação da propriedade fundiária em diferentes contextos sócio-históricos; II) Análise da formação e das relações estabelecidas entre os agentes sociais envolvidos no processo; III) Compreender os conflitos entre os agentes e sua relação com instituição propriedade fundiária. A par do trabalho deste trabalho de campo (catalogação, classificação e análise das fontes) realizou-se revisão da literatura especializada na formação da propriedade fundiária por teóricos do direito e história. A esta bibliografia somaram-se teóricos da sociologia e estudos especializados sobre estrutura fundiária e historiografia. Como fruto do trabalho investigativo aprofundou questões e produzimos novos subsídios à compreensão das relações de poder político e econômico que sustentaram a formação da propriedade privada no centro sul paranaense. Simultaneamente a este processo também contribuímos para a compreensão dos agentes sociais envolvidos nas disputas constantemente atualizadas do ponto de vista simbólico em torno da propriedade fundiária. Demonstramos que as definições usualmente utilizadas pela historiografia paranaense abordam apenas parcialmente as diferentes concepções de (direito) de propriedade existente no campesinato. Estes dois últimos aspectos (atualização de significados e diversidade de concepções de direito e de propriedade) têm alimentado diversos tipos de disputas pelo direito e pela terra em Pinhão nas últimas décadas.Abstract: This dissertation is an analysis of the processes of institutionalization of land ownership security in rural areas of Paraná State, Brazil. The main focus of the study was to analyze the dispute over the land ownership involving two social actor in the municipality of Pinhão, South-Central region of Paraná State, which for decades are in conflict. In one hand, the so-called "Squatters" of Pinhão, who can be characterized as a fraction within the diversity that characterizes the peasantry in the region and on the other hand, the logging company "João José Zattar Inc.", taking place as a representative of conservative modernization in the rural area. In order to carry out our investigation we have opted for a qualitative research and analysis of documents due to the richness (by its diversity) and extensiveness (by its quantity) documentary collection, produced by various State departments, such as Legislative Assembly of Paraná, IAP, Judiciary, the Board of Trade of Paraná State and social movements (AFATRUP). The rationale of the study was based on three points: I) reconstruction of institutional formation processes of land ownership in different socio-historical contexts; II) analysis of the formation and the relationships established between the social actors involved in the process; III) understanding the conflicts between actor and their relationship with the establishment of land property. After cataloguing, classifying and analyzing different sources of documents, a literature review focused on formation of land ownership was conducted based on the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu and Norbert Elias. We also added some specialized studies on land ownership structure and historiography. As a result of the investigative work, we present a deeper understanding of the issues, and as well as, the production of new subsidies for better understanding the political and economic relationships that sustained the formation of private property in the South Central region of Paraná State. At the same time, this study also contributes to understanding the involvement of social actor in the disputes that are constantly updated taking of view around land ownership. We demonstrate that the definitions used by the state historiography, usually cover only partially the different conceptions of (ownership) and property on the peasantry. These last two aspects (update of meanings and diversity of conceptions of ownership and property) have fueled different types of disputes by ownership of the land in Pinhão region in the recent decades

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Institucionalização da propriedade fundiária e conflitos agrários no Município de Pinhão-Pr

Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Luiz Fernandes Cerveira FilhoOrientador: Prof. Dr. Osvaldo Heller da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/11/2013Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de Concentração SociologiaResumo: A presente dissertação partiu da seguinte indagação: quais foram os processos de institucionalização da propriedade fundiária rural no Paraná! Em específico, analisaremos as disputas pela propriedade fundiária envolvendo dois agentes sociais no município de Pinhão, centro-sul do Paraná, que há décadas estão em conflito, de um lado os denominados "Posseiros de Pinhão" e, de outro, a "Empresa Madeireira João José Zattar S.A". Os primeiros entendidos como uma fração dentro da diversidade que caracteriza o campesinato, o segundo compreendido como um representante da modernização conservadora no campo, identificado na atividade de extrativismo madeireiro. Para realizarmos nossa investigação optamos pela pesquisa qualitativa e analise documental tendo em vista rico (pela sua diversidade) e extenso (pela sua quantidade) acervo documental ao qual tivemos acesso, produzido por diversos órgãos estatais: Assembleia Legislativa, IAP, Poder Judiciário, movimentos sociais (AFATRUP), Junta Comercial do Paraná. De posse desta documentação realizamos nosso trabalho de campo no intuito de responder a questão norteadora que deveria ser alcançada por meio de três objetivos: I) Reconstrução dos processos institucionais da formação da propriedade fundiária em diferentes contextos sócio-históricos; II) Análise da formação e das relações estabelecidas entre os agentes sociais envolvidos no processo; III) Compreender os conflitos entre os agentes e sua relação com instituição propriedade fundiária. A par do trabalho deste trabalho de campo (catalogação, classificação e análise das fontes) realizou-se revisão da literatura especializada na formação da propriedade fundiária por teóricos do direito e história. A esta bibliografia somaram-se teóricos da sociologia e estudos especializados sobre estrutura fundiária e historiografia. Como fruto do trabalho investigativo aprofundou questões e produzimos novos subsídios à compreensão das relações de poder político e econômico que sustentaram a formação da propriedade privada no centro sul paranaense. Simultaneamente a este processo também contribuímos para a compreensão dos agentes sociais envolvidos nas disputas constantemente atualizadas do ponto de vista simbólico em torno da propriedade fundiária. Demonstramos que as definições usualmente utilizadas pela historiografia paranaense abordam apenas parcialmente as diferentes concepções de (direito) de propriedade existente no campesinato. Estes dois últimos aspectos (atualização de significados e diversidade de concepções de direito e de propriedade) têm alimentado diversos tipos de disputas pelo direito e pela terra em Pinhão nas últimas décadas.Abstract: This dissertation is an analysis of the processes of institutionalization of land ownership security in rural areas of Paraná State, Brazil. The main focus of the study was to analyze the dispute over the land ownership involving two social actor in the municipality of Pinhão, South-Central region of Paraná State, which for decades are in conflict. In one hand, the so-called "Squatters" of Pinhão, who can be characterized as a fraction within the diversity that characterizes the peasantry in the region and on the other hand, the logging company "João José Zattar Inc.", taking place as a representative of conservative modernization in the rural area. In order to carry out our investigation we have opted for a qualitative research and analysis of documents due to the richness (by its diversity) and extensiveness (by its quantity) documentary collection, produced by various State departments, such as Legislative Assembly of Paraná, IAP, Judiciary, the Board of Trade of Paraná State and social movements (AFATRUP). The rationale of the study was based on three points: I) reconstruction of institutional formation processes of land ownership in different socio-historical contexts; II) analysis of the formation and the relationships established between the social actors involved in the process; III) understanding the conflicts between actor and their relationship with the establishment of land property. After cataloguing, classifying and analyzing different sources of documents, a literature review focused on formation of land ownership was conducted based on the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu and Norbert Elias. We also added some specialized studies on land ownership structure and historiography. As a result of the investigative work, we present a deeper understanding of the issues, and as well as, the production of new subsidies for better understanding the political and economic relationships that sustained the formation of private property in the South Central region of Paraná State. At the same time, this study also contributes to understanding the involvement of social actor in the disputes that are constantly updated taking of view around land ownership. We demonstrate that the definitions used by the state historiography, usually cover only partially the different conceptions of (ownership) and property on the peasantry. These last two aspects (update of meanings and diversity of conceptions of ownership and property) have fueled different types of disputes by ownership of the land in Pinhão region in the recent decades

Porque o "pinhao nao cai longe do pinheiro" : o saber socialmente construído no conselho dos ancioes do quilombo Paiol de Telha

Orientador : Graciliano da Silva DiasMonografia (especializaçao) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educaçao, Curso de Especializaçao em Educaçao do CampoInclui bibliografi