Composition of Primary Cosmic Rays Beyond the ``Knee''from Emulsion Chamber Observations

We show that the simplest assumptions for the dynamics of particle production allow us to understand the fluxes of hadrons and photons at mountain altitudes as well as the structure of individual events. The analysis requires a heavy nuclear component of primary cosmic rays above the ``knee" in the spectrum with average mass number $= 7.3 \pm 0.9$.Comment: Revtex, 11 pages, 5 postscript figures ("\special" command used to embed figures at end of tex file). Compressed postscript version also available at http://phenom.physics.wisc.edu/pub/preprints/1996/madph-96-932.ps.Z or ftp://phenom.physics.wisc.edu/pub/preprints/1996/madph-96-932.ps.

Single observable concurrence measurement without simultaneous copies

We present a protocol that allows us to obtain the concurrence of any two qubit pure state by performing a minimal and optimal tomography of one of the subsystems through measuring a single observable of an ancillary four dimensional qudit. An implementation for a system of trapped ions is also proposed, which can be achieved with present day experimental techniques.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Redescription of Leptohyphes cornutus Allen, 1967 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) and description of three related new species

Leptohyphes cornutus Allen from Brazil (Santa Catarina) and Misiones, Argentina is re-studied from new material and newly diagnosed as follows: tubercles on head (two pairs), pronotum (two pairs, anterior pair very small), and mesonotum (two pairs), abdominal terga without paired tubercles, nor remnants of them; fore femur length/maximum width, 1.4?1.8; tarsal claws denticulation 4?11+1; hind wing pads present in females; gill formula 3/10/8/8/5. Three new species are described from the nymphal stage: 1) Leptohyphes airuoca sp. nov. from Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) characterized by: i) two paired tubercles on head, two pairs on pronotum, and one pair on mesonotum, abdominal terga VI?IX with single medial tubercle projecting from hind margin; ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 1.7?2.0; iii) tarsal claws denticulation 4+0; iv) hind wing pads absent in female; v) gill formula 3/9/9/7/6. 2) Leptohyphes cornutillus sp. nov. from Espirito Santo (Brazil), with: i) paired tubercles on head (two pairs), pronotum (two pairs, anterior pair very small), and mesonotum (three pairs), abdominal terga with remnants of paired tubercles on hind margin (blunt and short undulations in dorsal view); ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 2.1?2.3; iii) tarsal claws denticulation 6+1; iv) hind wing pads present in females; v) gill formula 3/11/9/9/6. And 3) Leptohyphes nebulosus sp. nov. from Espirito Santo (Brazil), with: i) two paired tubercles on head, one pair on pronotum, and one pair on mesonotum, abdominal terga VI?VII with paired submedian tubercles on hind margin; ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 1.6; iii) tarsal claws denticulation 5+1; iv) hind wing pads present in females; v) gill formula 3/9/9/9/6.Fil: Nascimento, Jeane M. C.. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Divisão de Curso de Entomologia; BrasilFil: Molineri, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Tucuman. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical; ArgentinaFil: Salles, Frederico F.. Universidade Federal Do Espirito Santo; Brasi

Entropic Entanglement Criteria for Continuous Variables

We derive several entanglement criteria for bipartite continuous variable quantum systems based on the Shannon entropy. These criteria are more sensitive than those involving only second-order moments, and are equivalent to well-known variance product tests in the case of Gaussian states. Furthermore, they involve only a pair of quadrature measurements, and will thus should prove extremely useful the experimental identification of entanglement.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Influence of the anisotropic behavior on equibiaxial paths

Marciniak and Nakajima tests are commonly used in building FLD's, since they allow covering all regions from uniaxial to almost equibiaxial strain paths. In this work, the deviation from equibiaxial strain paths is analyzed as function of the material anisotropic behavior. The numerical results show that material with r0 = r90 present equibiaxial stress and strain paths, while for the ones with r0 ≠ r90 the paths are neither equibiaxial in stress nor strain. Moreover, it is shown that despite the similarities between the two tests, they present different sensitivity to the control of the blank holder force and to the friction coefficient. Namely, the stress and strain paths in the Marciniak specimen center are more sensitive to the control of the blank holder force. On the other hand, the stress and strain paths in the Nakajima specimen center are more sensitive to the friction coefficient. The deviation from the equibiaxial strain path indicates that the stress ratio is also not necessarily 1.0, meaning that the stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter also present some deviation from the reference values for an equibiaxial stress state. This should be taken into account when analyzing forming limit results.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER030592 (PTDC/EME-EME/30592/2017) and UIDB/00285/2020 financed by the Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization, in its FEDER/FNR component, and the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT), in its State Budget component (OE)

The Promethean: Fall 2012

Fall 2012 edition of The Promethean. Contents: From the Director 2 Honors Study Abroad 4 Tips for Writing Your Senior Thesis 6 Collected Poetry 8 Freshman Experience Articles 9 Remembering Alex Kogut 10https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/promethean/1007/thumbnail.jp