Involving Nepali academics in health research

JMBTO SEE JHIn a world dominated by globalization and knowledge exchange conducting research and academic publishing has become increasingly important. In this light it is important to report the findings of research conducted in Nepal as it may be relevant and useful in North Korea as in Namibia. The editorial outlines some of the barriers and opportunities that exist for academics in Nepal

Chemical reaction and Soret effects on hydromagnetic micropolar fluid along a stretching sheet

AbstractFree convection effects of a micropolar fluid along a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium in the presence of a volumetric non-uniform heat source is investigated in the present paper. Thermal diffusion and first order chemical reaction are also considered in the present study to govern the flow characteristic. The generalization of the earlier studies centers round: (i) The magnetohydrodynamic flow is made to pass through a porous medium characterized by a non-Darcian drag coefficient affecting the momentum equation. (ii) The energy equation is modified with the interplay of non-uniform heat source. (iii) Consideration of chemically reactive species characterized by first order chemical reaction and thermal diffusion i.e. Soret modifying the equation of species concentration. Similarity transformation technique is used to transform the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. The numerical solutions are achieved showing the effects of pertinent parameters. For verification of the present findings the results of this study have been compared with the earlier works in particular cases

Heat Transfer in Viscous Free Convective Fluctuating MHD Flow through Porous Media Past a Vertical Porous Plate with Variable Temperature

In this paper, free convective Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a viscous incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past a hot vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium has been studied. The temperature of the plate varies both in space and time. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of porosity of the medium coupled with the variation of plate temperature with regards to space and time. The effect of pertinent parameters characterizing the flow has been presented through the graph. The most interesting finding is that presence of porous media has no significant contribution to the flow characteristics. Further, heating and cooling of the plate due to convective current is compensated by the viscous dissipation. Keywords?MHD flow/Span wise Co-sinusoidal/Free Convection /Heat transfer, porous medium

Heat Transfer in Viscous Free Convective Fluctuating MHD Flow Through Porous Media Past a Vertical Porous Plate with Variable Temperature

In this paper, free convective Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a viscous incompressible and electrically conducting fluid past a hot vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium has been studied. The temperature of the plate varies both in space and time. The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of porosity of the medium coupled with the variation of plate temperature with regards to space and time. The effect of pertinent parameters characterizing the flow has been presented through the graph. The most interesting finding is that presence of porous media has no significant contribution to the flow characteristics. Further, heating and cooling of the plate due to convective current is compensated by the viscous dissipation.   Keywords: MHD flow/Span wise Co-sinusoidal/Free Convection /Heat transfer, porous mediu

Optical Limiting in Single-walled Carbon Nanotube Suspensions

Optical limiting behaviour of suspensions of single-walled carbon nanotubes in water, ethanol and ethylene glycol is reported. Experiments with 532 nm, 15 nsec duration laser pulses show that optical limiting occurs mainly due to nonlinear scattering. The observed host liquid dependence of optical limiting in different suspensions suggests that the scattering originates from microbubbles formed due to absorption-induced heating.Comment: 10 pages, 5 eps figures, to appear in Chem. Phys. Let

Gluon Condensates, Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Pion Wave Function

We consider here chiral symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics arising from gluon condensates in vacuum. Through coherent states of gluons simulating a mean field type of approximation, we show that the off-shell gluon condensates of vacuum generate a mass-like contribution for the quarks, giving rise to chiral symmetry breaking. We next note that spontaneous breaking of global chiral symmetry links the four component quark field operator to the pion wave function. This in turn yields many hadronic properties in the light quark sector in agreement with experiments, leading to the conclusion that low energy hadron properties are primarily driven by the vacuum structure of quantum chromodynamics.Comment: 25 pages, IP/BBSR/92-76, revte

Sommerfeld enhancement from Goldstone pseudo-scalar exchange

We point out that the exchange of a Goldstone pseudo-scalar can provide an enhancement in the dark matter annihilation rate capable of explaining the excess flux seen in high energy cosmic ray data. The mechanism of enhancement involves the coupling of s and d waves through the tensor force that is very strong and, in fact, singular at short distances. The results indicate that large enhancements require some amount of fine tuning. We also discuss the enhancement due to other singular attractive potentials, such as WIMP models with a permanent electric dipole.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, v2 includes contact informatio

Effect of Ferroelectric Nanopowder on Electrical and Acoustical Properties of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal

Ferroelectric nano-materials are very sensitive to several external stimuli and have attracted great deal of attention due to their property of improving various properties such as photoluminescence, higher polarization, fast response time, low operating voltage and improved conductivity. For enhancing the physical properties, a proper selection of nano-materials for liquid crystals depends upon various factors such as size, shape, preparation methods, surfactant concentration and amount of doping materials. In the present study an attempt is made to study  electrical and acoustical properties of cholesteric liquid crystal after dispersing ferroelectric nano-powder of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3). In addition with this particle size and surface area of pure and nono-particle dispersed liquid crystal were also measured. Our investigation shows increase in Rao’s constant or molar sound velocity, which indicates increase in molecular density indicating a close packing of the material. The measurement of dielectric relaxation at different frequencies gives information about the dynamics of polar groups and molecular motion

Building Strong Primary Health Care to Tackle the Growing Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases in Nepal

Nepal is currently facing a double burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and communicable diseases, with rising trends of NCDs. This situation will add great pressure to already fragile health systems and pose a major challenge to the country’s development unless urgent action is taken. While the primary health care approach offers a common platform to effectively address NCDs through preventive and curative interventions, yet its potential is not fully tapped in Nepal. In line with the Alma-Ata and Astana declarations, we propose an integrated approach for Nepal, and other low-and middle-income countries, including six key reforms to enhance the primary care response to the increasing burden of NCD