51 research outputs found
Approximate Deadline-Scheduling with Precedence Constraints
We consider the classic problem of scheduling a set of n jobs
non-preemptively on a single machine. Each job j has non-negative processing
time, weight, and deadline, and a feasible schedule needs to be consistent with
chain-like precedence constraints. The goal is to compute a feasible schedule
that minimizes the sum of penalties of late jobs. Lenstra and Rinnoy Kan
[Annals of Disc. Math., 1977] in their seminal work introduced this problem and
showed that it is strongly NP-hard, even when all processing times and weights
are 1. We study the approximability of the problem and our main result is an
O(log k)-approximation algorithm for instances with k distinct job deadlines
Scale Factor Dependent Equations of State for Curvature Inspired Dark Energy, Phantom Barrier and Late Cosmic Acceleration
Here, it is found that dark energy and dark matter emerge from the
gravitational sector, if non-linear term of scalar curvature is added to
Einstein-Hilbert lagrangian. An equation of state for dark energy, having the
form p_{\rm de}(\rho_{\rm de})f(a)a(t)t{\rm w}_{\rm de} = p_{\rm
de}/\rho_{\rm de} = - 1a = a_{\rm w}a < a_{\rm
w}, {\rm w}_{\rm de} > - 1{\rm w}_{\rm de} a_{\rm w},a = a_{\rm w} < a_0
(a_0$ being current scale factor of the universe). PACS no.: 98.80 Cq.Comment: 10 PAGES. To appear in Phys. Lett.
Genesis of Dark Energy: Dark Energy as Consequence of Release and Two-stage Tracking Cosmological Nuclear Energy
Recent observations on Type-Ia supernovae and low density () measurement of matter including dark matter suggest that the present-day
universe consists mainly of repulsive-gravity type `exotic matter' with
negative-pressure often said `dark energy' (). But the nature
of dark energy is mysterious and its puzzling questions, such as why, how,
where and when about the dark energy, are intriguing. In the present paper the
authors attempt to answer these questions while making an effort to reveal the
genesis of dark energy and suggest that `the cosmological nuclear binding
energy liberated during primordial nucleo-synthesis remains trapped for a long
time and then is released free which manifests itself as dark energy in the
universe'. It is also explained why for dark energy the parameter . Noting that for stiff matter and for radiation; is for dark energy because is due to `deficiency of
stiff-nuclear-matter' and that this binding energy is ultimately released as
`radiation' contributing , making . When
dark energy is released free at , . But as on present day
at when radiation strength has diminished to , . This, thus almost solves the dark-energy mystery of
negative pressure and repulsive-gravity. The proposed theory makes several
estimates /predictions which agree reasonably well with the astrophysical
constraints and observations. Though there are many candidate-theories, the
proposed model of this paper presents an entirely new approach (cosmological
nuclear energy) as a possible candidate for dark energy.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, minor correction
Dissipative Future Universe without Big Rip
The present study deals with dissipative future universe without big rip in
context of Eckart formalism. The generalized chaplygin gas, characterized by
equation of state , has been considered as
a model for dark energy due to its dark-energy-like evolution at late time. It
is demonstrated that, if the cosmic dark energy behaves like a fluid with
equation of state ; , as well as chaplygin gas
simultaneously then the big rip problem does not arises and the scale factor is
found to be regular for all time.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, To appear in Int. J. Theor. Phy
Future Universe With w < -1 Without Big Smash
It is demonstrated that if cosmic dark energy behaves like a fluid with
equation of state and being pressure and energy
density respectively) as well as generalized Chaplygin gas simultaneously, Big
Rip or Big smash problem does not arise even for equation of state parameter
.Unlike other phantom models, here, scale factor for the future
universe is found regular for all time.Comment: 11 pages. To appear in Phys. Lett.
Entropy and statefinder diagnosis in chameleon cosmology
In this paper, the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics and entropy
is revisited in the context of cosmological models with bouncing behavior such
as chameleon cosmology where the boundary of the universe is assumed to be
enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon. From a thermodynamic point of view,
to link between thermodynamic and geometric parameters in cosmological models,
we introduce "entropy rate of change multiplied by the temperature" as a model
independent thermodynamic state parameter together with the well known statefinder to differentiate the dark energy models.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. will be published in Astrophys. Space Sc
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
ANOMALOUS TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF A LO MODE IN LiKSO4
Raman scattering measurements for LiKSO4 over the temperature range 200 K to 725 K are reported. The results corroborate the occurrence of a phase transition at 700 K and also exhibit two unusual lattice dynamical features viz an invested LO-TO splitting and an increase in the frequency of a normal mode with rise in temperature. A phenomenological explanation for these features is given
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