Generation of two-mode nonclassical states and a quantum phase gate operation in trapped ion cavity QED

We propose a scheme to generate nonclassical states of a quantum system, which is composed of the one-dimensional trapped ion motion and a single cavity field mode. We show that two-mode SU(2) Schr\"odinger-cat states, entangled coherent states, two-mode squeezed vacuum states and their superposition can be generated. If the vibration mode and the cavity mode are used to represent separately a qubit, a quantum phase gate can be implemented.Comment: to appear in PR

Comments to paper entitled "Predicting scleral GP lens entrapped tear layer oxygen tensions"

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Bourgeois males of the peacock blenny, Salaria pavo, discriminate female mimics from females?

In a Portuguese population of Salaria pavo, two types of reproductively active males occur: large bourgeois males that defend nests and have fully developed secondary sex characters (SSC) and small sneaker males that mimic the females morphology and behaviour to approach nests and parasitize fertilizations. These two alternative reproductive tactics are sequential, as sneakers develop into bourgeois males. We investigated whether bourgeois males were able to discriminate between sneakers and females of different sizes. In a laboratory experiment bourgeois males were sequentially presented with a female and a sneaker matched for size. Complementary field observations were conducted on the interactions between females and sneakers with bourgeois males. If bourgeois males discriminated females from sneakers, we predicted that they should direct more aggressive behaviours towards sneakers and more courtship acts towards females. In general, bourgeois males courted and attacked small females and sneakers equally. However, large sneakers were courted less and attacked more than large females. Larger sneakers, beginning to develop SSC, were attacked more and courted less by the bourgeois male than smaller sneakers, and larger females were attacked less and courted more than smaller females. These results strongly suggest that only small female-mimicking males were able to deceive bourgeois males. In S. pavo, if the sneakers fertilization success correlates with their female-mimicking ability, a fitness decrease with an increasing body size can be predicted

Generation of arbitrary two dimensional motional state of a trapped ion

We present a scheme to generate an arbitrary two-dimensional quantum state of motion of a trapped ion. This proposal is based on a sequence of laser pulses, which are tuned appropriately to control transitions on the sidebands of two modes of vibration. Not more than $(M+1)(N+1)$ laser pulses are needed to generate a pure state with upper phonon number $M$ and $N$ in the $x$ and $y$ direction respectively.Comment: to appear in PR

Evaluating How Potential Pool of Partners Can Join Together in Different Types of Long Term Collaborative Networked Organizations

International audienceThe considerable benefits brought up by strategic alliances and diverse types of long term Collaborative Networked Organizations (CNOs) are nowadays widely recognized. There is an increasing demand in the industrial world for concretely implement new forms of collaborations. For example, demand often comes from pre-existent form of clusters or local productive arrangements, that want to evolve to more efficient forms of collaboration, or from small and medium enterprises that are facing a crisis, and look at collaboration with other enterprises as almost the last chance to survive. In general, variety of motivations in collaborating implies variety of missions of potential collaborations, that in turn requires the choice of an appropriate form of Collaborative Network aligned to the mission statement. This paper addresses the problem to define a methodology for analyzing potential pool of partners and for identifing the mission, the form, the governance structure and the value drivers of long term strategic alliance that would bring highest benefits to the partners. Three different forms of CNOs are considered: the Virtual organizations Breeding Environment (VBE), the Virtual Development Office (VDO) and the T-Holding

Desenvolvimento de uma versão portuguesa do nutritional risk screening NRS 2002

O Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) é um instrumento que foi desenvolvido pela Danish Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Trata-se de um sistema válido que permite detetar a presença do risco de desnutrição ou de desnutrição em indivíduos hospitalizados e que é aplicado pelos profissionais de saúde. Procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento de uma versão para a língua Portuguesa do NRS 2002 com equivalência linguística e cultural ao original, recorrendo à metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde "Processo de tradução e de adaptação de instrumentos". Realizou-se uma tradução avançada e a retrotradução, através das seguintes etapas: tradução (1.ª etapa), retrotradução efetuada por um ou mais especialistas (2.ª etapa), pré-teste (3.ª etapa) e preparação da versão final (4.ª etapa). Este artigo tem como objetivo divulgar este processo e também a versão Portuguesa do NRS 2002.The Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) is a tool that was developed by the Danish Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. It is a valid system that allows the detection of the risk of undernutrition or of undernutrition in hospitalized individuals and is applied by health professionals. A Portuguese language version of NRS 2002 was developed with linguistic and cultural equivalence to the original using the WHO proposed methodology "Process of translation and adaptation of instruments". Advanced translation and back-translation were carried out through the following steps: translation (1st stage), back-translation performed by one or more specialists (2nd stage), pre test (3rd stage) and preparation of the final version (4th stage). This article aims to describe this process and also the Portuguese version of NRS 2002

Towards implementing climate services in Peru – The project CLIMANDES

AbstractCLIMANDES is a pilot twinning project between the National Weather Services of Peru and Switzerland (SENAMHI and MeteoSwiss), developed within the Global Framework for Climate Services of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Split in two modules, CLIMANDES aims at improving education in meteorology and climatology in support of the WMO Regional Training Center in Peru, and introducing user-tailored climate services in two pilot regions in the Peruvian Andes.Four areas were prioritized in the first phase of CLIMANDES lasting from 2012 to 2015 to introduce climate services in Peru. A demand study identified the user needs of climate services and showed that climate information must be reliable, of high-quality, and precise. The information should be accessible and timely, understandable and applicable for the users’ specific needs. Second, the quality of climate data was enhanced through the establishment of quality control and homogenization procedures at SENAMHI. Specific training and application of the implemented methods at stations in the pilot regions was promoted to ensure the sustainability of the work. Third, the specific work on climate data enabled the creation of a webpage to disseminate climate indicators among users. The forth priority of the project enhanced the broad communication strategy of SENAMHI through creation of a specialized network of journalists, diverse climate forums, and the establishment of a user database.The efforts accomplished within CLIMANDES improved the quality of the climate services provided by SENAMHI. The project hence contributed successfully to higher awareness and higher confidence in the climate information by SENAMHI

Calotropis procera: um levantamento preliminar sobre as suas capacidades de fitoextração no Brasil

Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) is a non-native species that has its origin in Africa and Asia, but was introduced into the northeastern region of Brazil in the beginning of last century. In some areas, the dry biomass of C. procera is used as animal feed. However, previous studies indicated that the species is capable of accumulating many chemical elements. On the other hand, it could also mean that this species may be used for phytoremediation. Hence, we used neutron activation analysis, k0-method, to test the capability of the leaves of C. procera to accumulate trace elements. The study was carried out in two distinct areas (polluted and non-polluted) in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Our results indicate that new elements can be added to the list of elements taken up by C. procera, thus contributing to the understanding of the biology of this plant species as an accumulator of trace elements. Some elements, such as Ba and Sr, have higher concentrations in the non-polluted areas than in polluted areas. Thus, the presence of many trace elements in C. procera indicates that its use as animal feed should be viewed with extreme caution. However low levels of these trace elements in C. procera do not indicate that this species is a hyper-accumulator plant.Key words: phytoremediation, biological invasion, invasive species, Pernambuco.Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) é uma espécie exótica originária da África e Ásia tropical, introduzida na região nordeste do Brasil no início do século passado. Em algumas regiões do Brasil e do mundo, a biomassa seca de C. procera é utilizada como alimento forrageiro para animais. Entretanto, muitos estudos indicam que essa espécie é capaz de acumular diversos elementos químicos. Isso pode significar que a espécie também pode ser utilizada em processos de fitorremediação. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma análise de ativação neutrônica, método k0, para testar a capacidade das folhas de C. procera acumularem elementos-traço. O estudo foi realizado em duas áreas distintas (poluídas e não poluídas) no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Nossos resultados indicam que novos elementos podem ser adicionados à lista de elementos-traço absorvidos por C. procera, contribuindo para o entendimento da biologia dessa espécie como acumuladora de elementos-traço. Alguns destes, tais como Ba e Sr, ocorreram em maiores concentrações em áreas não-poluídas em comparação com áreas poluídas. Dessa forma, o uso de C. procera como ração animal deve ser vista com extrema cautela. Entretanto, as baixas concentrações desses elementos-traço não sugerem que C. procera seja uma hiperacumuladora.Palavras-chave: fitorremediação, invasão biológica, espécie invasora, Pernambuco