SISTEM FILTERING BERBAHAN PELEPAH PISANG UNTUK EMISI PARTIKULAT PM 2,5 (PARTICULATE MATTER 2,5 )

Particulate Matter (PM) merupakan jenis polutan berbahaya dengan berbagai ukuran, yang dapat mengakibatkan tingginya kematian akibat pajanan polusi udara. Particulate Matter 2,5μm (PM2.5) atau yang disebut dengan fine particle merupakan salah satu jenis partikulat yang berukuran sangat kecil dan dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit. Apabila terhirup ke dalam tubuh dapat berpenetrasi ke dalam saluran pernapasan bawah serta dapat melewati aliran darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenganalisis keefektifan sistem Filtering Berbahan Pelepah Pisang Untuk Emisi Partikulat PM 2,5 (Particulate Matter 2,5). Rancang bangun penelitian yang digunakan adalah Eksperimen. Penelitian dilaksanakan Laboratorium Kampus B dan Laboratorium UNKHAIR. Alat yang digunakan dalam pengukuran PM2.5 adalah PM2.5 portable. Data yang terkumpul kemudian diolah menggunakan program statistik. Hasil peneliian menujukan bahwa kadar PM2.5 menggunakan system filtering berbahan pelepah pisang lebih kecil dibandingkan menggunakan nonfilter. Artinya filter pelepah pisang efektif dalam menyaring PM2.5, terdapat penurunan PM2.5 pada motor Kawasaki dan Yamaha yang menggunakan filter pelepah pisang, dan erdapat perbedaan kadar PM2.5 pada motor Kawasaki dan Yamaha, walaupun perbedaan kadar PM2.5tidak terlalu jauh

Link Budget Analysis and Architecture of a Proposed VSAT Based E-Learning System for ARCSSTE-E

E-Learning is aderivative of information technology and has been generally recognized as a modern tool for learning and teaching other than the conventional method of learning (which involves physical contact between the student and the instructor). The case study for the proposed system is the African Regional Centre for Space Science and Technology Education in English (ARCSSTE-E) in Nigeria. Thepurposeof the centre is to develop quality indigenous space scientists in English speakingAfrican countries for the development of various application of space science and technology for sustainable national and regional development. Therefore, to accomplish this, the centre plans to develop the skills and knowledge of candidates in four significantareasof space science and technology such as; Remote Sensing & GIS, Satellite Meteorology and Global Climate, Satellite Communication and Basic Space and Atmospheric Sciences. This paper presents the VSAT architecture, link margin calculations and link budget analysis done to implement the proposed VSAT based Elearning system for the Centre. This is a conceptual frame work. The proposed system is to enhance the centre with tremendous potential to reach out to people within Anglophone countries that cannot make it down to ARCSSTE-E due to lack of sponsorship, constraint in time, distance, Financial or other challenges

Novel non-invasive algorithm to identify the origins of re-entry and ectopic foci in the atria from 64-lead ECGs: A computational study.

Atrial tachy-arrhytmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), are characterised by irregular electrical activity in the atria, generally associated with erratic excitation underlain by re-entrant scroll waves, fibrillatory conduction of multiple wavelets or rapid focal activity. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase in AF prevalence in the developed world associated with an ageing society, highlighting the need for effective treatment options. Catheter ablation therapy, commonly used in the treatment of AF, requires spatial information on atrial electrical excitation. The standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) provides a method for non-invasive identification of the presence of arrhythmia, due to irregularity in the ECG signal associated with atrial activation compared to sinus rhythm, but has limitations in providing specific spatial information. There is therefore a pressing need to develop novel methods to identify and locate the origin of arrhythmic excitation. Invasive methods provide direct information on atrial activity, but may induce clinical complications. Non-invasive methods avoid such complications, but their development presents a greater challenge due to the non-direct nature of monitoring. Algorithms based on the ECG signals in multiple leads (e.g. a 64-lead vest) may provide a viable approach. In this study, we used a biophysically detailed model of the human atria and torso to investigate the correlation between the morphology of the ECG signals from a 64-lead vest and the location of the origin of rapid atrial excitation arising from rapid focal activity and/or re-entrant scroll waves. A focus-location algorithm was then constructed from this correlation. The algorithm had success rates of 93% and 76% for correctly identifying the origin of focal and re-entrant excitation with a spatial resolution of 40 mm, respectively. The general approach allows its application to any multi-lead ECG system. This represents a significant extension to our previously developed algorithms to predict the AF origins in association with focal activities

Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Ventricular Activation Sequences: Implications for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Next to clinical and experimental research, mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in medicine. Biomedical research takes place on many different levels, from molecules to the whole organism. Due to the complexity of biological systems, the interactions between components are often difficult or impossible to understand without the help of mathematical models. Mathematical models of cardiac electrophysiology have made a tremendous progress since the first numerical ECG simulations in the 1960s. This paper briefly reviews the development of this field and discusses some example cases where models have helped us forward, emphasizing applications that are relevant for the study of heart failure and cardiac resynchronization therapy

Contributing factors affecting the prognosis surgical outcome for thoracic OLF

The thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a disease that produces spastic paraparesis, and there are various factors that may affect the surgical outcome of thoracic OLF patients. The authors of this study treated 19 of these thoracic OLF patients from 1998 to 2002, and retrospectively reviewed the patients′ age, sex, symptom duration, involved disease level, preoperative clinical features, neurological findings, radiological findings, the other combined spinal diseases and the surgical outcomes. There were excellent or good surgical outcomes in 16 patients, but 3 patients did not improve after thoracic OLF surgery: this included 1 patient, whose motor function worsened after decompressive thoracic OLF surgery. The favorable contributing factors of surgical outcome in thoracic OLF are a short preoperative symptom duration, single-level lesion, and unilateral lesion type on CT axial scan. On the contrary, the poor prognostic factors are beak type lesion and intramedullary signal changes on T2-weighted sagittal MRI. The complete preoperative evaluation including radiologic findings will provide valuable aid in presuming the surgical outcome for the thoracic OLF patients.ope

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Design and construction of water holding bulkheads at Xstratacoal\u27s Oaky No 1 Mine

A systematic approach is required for the design of bulkheads including consideration of the longevity of building materials, quality control during construction and methods to monitor performance of the retention system. Bulkhead site preparation and construction method using wet mix concrete is described with particular reference to anchoring the bulkheads to the strata with keys and steel bolts and post-construction resin injection of the concrete/strata interface

Computational Analysis of Some More Rectangular Tessellations of Kekulenes and Their Molecular Characterizations

Cycloarene molecules are benzene-ring-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have been fused in a circular manner and are surrounded by carbon–hydrogen bonds that point inward. Due to their magnetic, geometric, and electronic characteristics and superaromaticity, these polycyclic aromatics have received attention in a number of studies. The kekulene molecule is a cyclically organized benzene ring in the shape of a doughnut and is the very first example of such a conjugated macrocyclic compound. Due to its structural characteristics and molecular characterizations, it serves as a great model for theoretical research involving the investigation of π electron conjugation circuits. Therefore, in order to unravel their novel electrical and molecular characteristics and foresee potential applications, the characterization of such components is crucial. In our current research, we describe two unique series of enormous polycyclic molecules made from the extensively studied base kekulene molecule, utilizing the essential graph-theoretical tools to identify their structural characterization via topological quantities. Rectangular kekulene Type-I and rectangular kekulene Type-II structures were obtained from base kekulene molecules arranged in a rectangular fashion. We also employ two subcases for each Type and, for all of these, we derived ten topological indices. We can investigate the physiochemical characteristics of rectangular kekulenes using these topological indices