Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Penguatan Hak Asasi Manusia Di Indonesia

The presence of articles on human rights in 1945 affirmed that Indonesia respect of human rights. In order to provide protection and guarantee of human rights, the 1945 Constitution authorizes judicial review to the Constitutional Court. Some of the verdict of the Court could be used as evidence that the Court conducted to protect and promote human rights. Constitutional Court not only act as guardian of the constitution institutions, but also as the guardian of human rights. Through its judicial review authority, the Constitutional Court appeared as law enforcement agencies that oversee the passage of state power in order not to violate of human rights

Ihwal Penyidik Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi

The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK; Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi) was a specially-designed institution due to the failures of conventional institutions (public prosecutor and the police) in the eradication of corruption. Such considerations demanded that KPK was not intended to be a temporary institution. In such position, this article explicates basic arguments and legitimacy of the formation of KPK investigators. By law, a series of Laws open the chances or possibilities of non-police investigators. This means that as an institution authorized to conduct investigation, the KPK bears the right to recruit its own investigators

Hubungan Presiden Dan DPR

Relation between executive and legislative tends to be intricate. Both parties often do not understand the functions and authorities of their respective institutions. At the end, disputes often emerge in playing their roles. This writing tries to discuss the problems concerning two state institutions: the President and the Parliament. The analysis will also address how both institutions manage themselves constitutionally in order not to solely immerse in political interests

Analisis Perencanaanpembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Berbantuan Program System Sizing Estimator

Hasil eksekusi program System Sizing Estimator, untuk beban rumah tangga dengan daya terpasang 450 VA membutuhkan total daya modul / panel surya sebesar 780 Wp dan dengan jumlah baterai sebanyak 19 buah (masing-masing baterai berkapasitas 12 V/105 Ah), sedangkan untuk beban rumah tangga dengan daya terpasang 900 VA membutuhkan total daya modul / panel surya sebesar 807 Wp dan dengan jumlah baterai sebanyak 20 buah (masing-masing baterai berkapasitas 12 V/105 Ah). Jika digunakan modul surya jenis Polikristalin sebesar 100 Wp, maka untuk beban rumah tangga dengan daya terpasang 450 VA membutuhkan modul surya sebanyak 8 buah, sedangkan untuk beban rumah tangga dengan daya terpasang 900 VA membutuhkan modul surya sebanyak 9 buah. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan manual untuk penentuan kapasitas Solar Charge Controller, diperoleh untuk beban rumah tangga dengan daya terpasang 450 VA membutuhkan Solar Charge Controller dengan kapasitas arus sebesar 50 A menggunakan tegangan ganda 12 V/24 V. Sedangkan untuk beban rumah tangga dengan daya terpasang 900 VA membutuhkan Solar Charge Controller dengan kapasitas arus sebesar 60 A menggunakan tegangan ganda 12 V/24 V. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan manual untuk penentuan kapasitas Inverter, diperoleh untuk beban rumah tangga dengan daya terpasang 450 VA membutuhkan Inverter dengan daya nominal 500 W (tegangan input 12 VDC/24 VDC dan tegangan output 110 VAC/220 VAC). Sedangkan untuk beban rumah tangga dengan daya terpasang 900 VA membutuhkan Inverter dengan daya nominal 1000 W (tegangan input 12 VDC/24 VDC/48 VDC dan tegangan output 110 VAC/220 VAC). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan manual, jumlah modul surya dan baterai yang digunakan untuk beban 450 VA dan 900 VA tidak terlalu jauh berbeda, hal ini disebabkan oleh perbedaan jumlah penghuni masing-masing rumah tangga (5 orang untuk 450 VA dan 3 orang untuk 900 VA). Semakin banyak jumlah orang maka semakin besar daya dan energi listrik yang dipakai

Modeling thermal response of polymer composite hydrogen cylinders subjected to external fires

With the anticipated introduction of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to the market, there is an increasing need to address the fire resistance of hydrogen cylinders for onboard storage. Sufficient fire resistance is essential to ensure safe evacuation in the event of car fire accidents. The authors have developed a Finite Element (FE) model for predicting the thermal response of composite hydrogen cylinders within the frame of the open source FE code Elmer. The model accounts for the decomposition of the polymer matrix and effects of volatile gas transport in the composite. Model comparison with experimental data has been conducted using a classical one-dimensional test case of polymer composite subjected to fire. The validated model was then used to analyze a type-4 hydrogen cylinder subjected to an engulfing external propane fire, mimicking a published cylinder fire experiment. The external flame is modelled and simulated using the open source code FireFOAM. A simplified failure criteria based on internal pressure increase is subsequently used to determine the cylinder fire resistance

Penerapan Pendekatan Saintifik melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw di Kelas X SMA Negeri 9 Palu pada Materi Stoikiometri

This study aims to determine the influence of implementation a scientific approach through cooperative-jigsaw learning model on Stoichiometry to the learning achievement of students in class X at SMAN 9 Palu. The method was a quasi experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The population was students of class X SMA Negeri 9 Palu, where the sample was class XB as the experimental group (n = 29) and class XA as the control group (n = 27), determined by purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical Mann-Whitney U-Test analysis. The results showed output “Rank” for the mean value of the experimental class was greater than the control class, 33.14 ˃ 23.52. The output of “Test Statistics”, Sig. 2-Tailed (0,026) ˂ 0.05 and Zcount(-2.23) ˂ Ztable (-1.96), as well as each classical completeness and absorption for experimental class were 79% and 83%, while for the control class were 59% and 75%. This study concluded that scientific approach through cooperative-jigsaw model on Stoichiometry influenced positively to the learning achievement of students in class X at SMA Negeri 9 Palu

GaMin’11 – an International Inter-laboratory Comparison for Geochemical CO2 - Saline Fluid - Mineral Interaction Experiments

Due to the strong interest in geochemical CO2-fluid-rock interaction in the context of geological storage of CO2 a growing number of research groups have used a variety of different experimental ways to identify important geochemical dissolution or precipitation reactions and – if possible – quantify the rates and extent of mineral or rock alteration. In this inter-laboratory comparison the gas-fluid-mineral reactions of three samples of rock-forming minerals have been investigated by 11 experimental labs. The reported results point to robust identification of the major processes in the experiments by most groups. The dissolution rates derived from the changes in composition of the aqueous phase are consistent overall, but the variation could be reduced by using similar corrections for changing parameters in the reaction cells over time. The comparison of experimental setups and procedures as well as of data corrections identified potential improvements for future gas-fluid-rock studies

The assisi think tank meeting breast large database for standardized data collection in breast cancer\u2014attm.Blade

Background: During the 2016 Assisi Think Tank Meeting (ATTM) on breast cancer, the panel of experts proposed developing a validated system, based on rapid learning health care (RLHC) principles, to standardize inter-center data collection and promote personalized treatments for breast cancer. Material and Methods: The seven-step Breast LArge DatabasE (BLADE) project included data collection, analysis, application, and evaluation on a data-sharing platform. The multidisciplinary team developed a consensus-based ontology of validated variables with over 80% agreement. This English-language ontology constituted a breast cancer library with seven knowledge domains: baseline, primary systemic therapy, surgery, adjuvant systemic therapies, radiation therapy, followup, and toxicity. The library was uploaded to the BLADE domain. The safety of data encryption and preservation was tested according to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) guidelines on data from 15 clinical charts. The system was validated on 64 patients who had undergone post-mastectomy radiation therapy. In October 2018, the BLADE system was approved by the Ethical Committee of Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy (Protocol No. 0043996/18). Results: From June 2016 to July 2019, the multidisciplinary team completed the work plan. An ontology of 218 validated variables was uploaded to the BLADE domain. The GDPR safety test confirmed encryption and data preservation (on 5000 random cases). All validation benchmarks were met. Conclusion: BLADE is a support system for follow-up and assessment of breast cancer care. To successfully develop and validate it as the first standardized data collection system, multidisciplinary collaboration was crucial in selecting its ontology and knowledge domains. BLADE is suitable for multi-center uploading of retrospective and prospective clinical data, as it ensures anonymity and data privacy

Protective paraspeckle hyper-assembly downstream of TDP-43 loss of function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Background Paraspeckles are subnuclear bodies assembled on a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1. Their enhanced formation in spinal neurons of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients has been reported but underlying mechanisms are unknown. The majority of ALS cases are characterized by TDP-43 proteinopathy. In current study we aimed to establish whether and how TDP-43 pathology may augment paraspeckle assembly. Methods Paraspeckle formation in human samples was analysed by RNA-FISH and laser capture microdissection followed by qRT-PCR. Mechanistic studies were performed in stable cell lines, mouse primary neurons and human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons. Loss and gain of function for TDP-43 and other microRNA pathway factors were modelled by siRNA-mediated knockdown and protein overexpression. Results We show that de novo paraspeckle assembly in spinal neurons and glial cells is a hallmark of both sporadic and familial ALS with TDP-43 pathology. Mechanistically, loss of TDP-43 but not its cytoplasmic accumulation or aggregation augments paraspeckle assembly in cultured cells. TDP-43 is a component of the microRNA machinery, and recently, paraspeckles have been shown to regulate pri-miRNA processing. Consistently, downregulation of core protein components of the miRNA pathway also promotes paraspeckle assembly. In addition, depletion of these proteins or TDP-43 results in accumulation of endogenous dsRNA and activation of type I interferon response which also stimulates paraspeckle formation. We demonstrate that human or mouse neurons in vitro lack paraspeckles, but a synthetic dsRNA is able to trigger their de novo formation. Finally, paraspeckles are protective in cells with compromised microRNA/dsRNA metabolism, and their assembly can be promoted by a small-molecule microRNA enhancer. Conclusions Our study establishes possible mechanisms behind paraspeckle hyper-assembly in ALS and suggests their utility as therapeutic targets in ALS and other diseases with abnormal metabolism of microRNA and dsRNA