Structural and topological analysis of electric energy consumption of municipalities as the basis for the development of the regional energy efficiency strategy

The amplifying polarization of the development of municipalities, the concentration of megalopolises' development possibilities and the decrease of potential of the development of small territories make it urgent to create tools for monitoring, estimating and forecasting of the electric energy consumption in order to develop the regional energy efficiency strategy, which will facilitate the sustainable development of municipalities. The paper gives the authors' definition of the energy efficiency of municipal units as the degree of real electric energy consumption compliance with the indicators of efficient energy consumption, along with providing comfortable habitation for the residents. The target indicators of municipal units' energy efficiency can be achieved by the efficient consumption and usage of electric energy. The authors carried out structural and topological analysis of electric energy consumption municipal units of the region, based on the sustainable development methodology. The formulated S-distributions of electric energy consumption of municipal units revealed a self-organization regularities in the region, which were reflected in municipal units' three-zone rating, formulated in accordance with electric energy consumption intensity. The results of the structural and topological analysis of electric energy consumption in absolute indicators and competitive speed indexes (intensity of electric energy consumption) are the basis for electric energy consumption forecasting of the region, as an integral structure formed by municipal units. © 2014 WIT Press.International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering;International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning;WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environmen

Evolution of Military Hospitals Architecture in Russia from 1707 Year Till Nowadays

In article authors show the history of evolution of military hospitals in Russia from 1707. More than 300 years are presented in a short to draw a picture of development of this type of buildings. Special attention is devoted to the modern projects and their characteristics. Also authors consider field and mobile hospitals, their constructivepeculiar properties and predictable future of this sphere

Anomalous thermoelectric transport phenomena from interband electron-phonon scattering

The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are two critical quantities to optimize simultaneously in designing thermoelectric materials, and they are determined by the dynamics of carrier scattering. We uncover a new regime where the co-existence at the Fermi level of multiple bands with different effective masses leads to strongly energy-dependent carrier lifetimes due to intrinsic electron-phonon scattering. In this anomalous regime, electrical conductivity decreases with carrier concentration, Seebeck coefficient reverses sign even at high doping, and power factor exhibits an unusual second peak. We discuss the origin and magnitude of this effect using first-principles Boltzmann transport calculations and simplified models. We also identify general design rules for using this paradigm to engineer enhanced performance in thermoelectric materials.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure

Methods of Effective Governance of Territorial Transformations in Russian Federation

Considerable territorial differentiation existing in Russia today contributes to both federal and regional economic slowdown. Alongside with that, gaining control over the process of territorial differentiation at the micro-level in order to reduce disparity among rural municipalities and to ensure their sustainable development, is considerably hindered, taking into account the gap between the tasks local self-governing bodies have to accomplish and the financial resources at their disposal. Territorial transformation of municipal entities (regional rural settlements) may become one of the possible solutions to the problem. That would make it possible to optimize local administrative machineries, to reduce imbalance and disparity in economic development of rural municipalities and to channel the funds released towards the vital problems of local significance. However, the problem of preliminary comparison of socio-economic development rates of municipal entities within a region, which is required for further successful implementation of strategies of rural territorial transformations, still remains unsolved, since currently no generally acknowledged and scientifically based specific methods for that purpose are available. As the result of the theoretical and practical research work carried out by the author, the article presents the territorial transformation procedure algorithm and proposes the model to evaluate synergistic effect of the activities intended to foster optimization of territorial structure of rural areas. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p35

МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ В ЯПОНСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ ПЕРИОДОВ КАМАКУРА И МУРОМАТИ

The article gives an overview of Japanese medical views during the period of Kamakura (late XII-XIV) and Muromachi (XIV-XVI). It emphasizes the most significant medical treatises and the most powerful medical views of the Kamakura and Muromachi periods. The medicine is considered as a part of Medieval Japanese culture affected by Chinese impact, Buddhist and Shintō ideas. During the Kamakura period new Chinese medical knowledge of Sung dynasty (960-1279) was introduced to Japan due to religious and commercial relations between Japan and China. Buddhist priests-physicians dominated medical theory and practice at that time. The article investigates “Buddhist medicine” as well as the main medical treatises of the Kamakura and Muromachi eras: Kissa Yōjōki (On Drinking Tea as a Means to Long Life) by Myōan Eisai, Tonishō (Book of the Simple Physician) by Kajiwara Shōzen, Idanshō (Collection of Medical Advice) by Koremune Tokitoshi. Classical literature of the Kamakura and Muromachi periods such as Tsurezuregusa (Essays in Idleness) by Kenkō Yoshida, otogizōshi, The Confes-sions of Lady Nijō also represents some medical views. Medieval writings reflect an ancient belief that most illnesses were divine retribution or spirit intervention. Ac-cording to this belief many diseases were treated through exorcism and purification ritu-als. Three prominent Japanese physicians lived during the periods of Sengoku (Warring States period) and Azuchi–Momoyama (1573-1603): Nagata Tokuhon, Tashiro Sanki and Manase Dōsan. Further Japanization of traditional Chinese medicine began with the es-tablishment of Goseihoha School (School of Later Developments in Medicine) of Kampo medicine. When Portuguese merchants and missioners came to Japan European medicine was introduced for the first time, yet it didn’t have much influence on Japanese medicine of the XVIth century. The most common diseases and main medical specialties of the Kamakura and Muromachi periods are mentioned as well. Keywords: Medicine in Japan, Medieval Japanese Culture,Данная статья представляет собой обзор медицинских представлений, бытовавших в японской культуре периодов Камакура (кон. XII-XIV вв.) и Муромати (XIV-XVI вв.). В статье отмечены наиболее значимые медицинские трактаты и главные медицинские постулаты эпохи. В данном случае медицина рассматривается в связи с культурно-историческими условиями, учитывается влияние на медицинские представления буддизма и синтоизма. В период Камакура происходило освоение китайской медицины эпохи династии Сун (960-1279) благодаря активизации рели-гиозных и торговых связей между Китаем и Японией. Одним из первых проводни-ков нового этапа принятия китайских знаний о медицине в Японии периода Кама-кура стал основатель первой в Японии школы дзэн-буддизма Мёан Эйсай. В статье изложены основные положения таких трактатов как «Кисса ёдзё ки» («Записки о питье чая и сохранении жизни») Мёан Эйсая, «Тонисё» («Беглые заметки о меди-цине») Кадзивара Сёдзэн, «Идансё» («Собрание медицинских советов») Корэмунэ Токитоси, также анализируется «буддийская медицина» рассматриваемой эпохи. В древней Японии причиной болезней считали гнев богов или происки злых духов, соответственно, лечение во многом носило магико-мистический характер и вклю-чало различные обряды и ритуалы с использованием амулетов и заклинаний, направленные на изгнание этих злых духов. Подобные практики не прекратили свое существование и в средневековой Японии. Помимо собственно медицинских сочинений ценными источниками послужили известные литературные произведе-ния эпох Камакура и Муромати, написанные в разных жанрах: дзуйхицу (записки, эссе) — «Цурэдзурэгуса» («Записки от скуки») Кэнко-хоси, отогидзоси (занима-тельные рассказы), никки (дневник) — «Товадзугатари» («Непрошенная повесть») Нидзё. В статье дается краткая справка о вкладе наиболее видных врачей периода Сэнгоку (эпохи «воюющих провинций») и годов Адзути-Момояма (1573-1603): Нагата Токухон, а также основатели школы медицины кампо Госэй-ха («Школа более поздних достижений в медицине») — Тасиро Санки и Манасэ Досан. Не-смотря на то, что в период Муромати в Японию прибыли первые европейцы, и бла-годаря португальским миссионерам в Японию проникли первые сведения о евро-пейской медицине, заметного влияния на японскую медицину и дальнейшее ее развитие это событие не оказало. В статье указаны наиболее распространенные всредневековой Японии болезни, а также основные направления медицины перио-дов Камакура и Муромати

New aspects of non-invasive diagnosis of intestinal pathology.

A comparative assessment of fecal calprotectin (FC) levels was performed in 160 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD) (Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC)) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The results of FC in patients with CIBD and IBS were compared with the values of FC  of 31 healthy patients (control group). The mean FC level in pa­tients with CIBD was 65.75 μg/g compared to the control group (13.72 μg/g) (p<0.05). In the group of patients with IBS, the FC level was 16.18 μg/g (p≥0.05). Significant correlation was found between the levels of FC with CIBD and FC with IBS (p<0.05). The obtained results confirmed the high diagnostic value of the method of determining fecal calprotectin in the differential diagnosis of functional and inflammatory bowel diseases

Studying the long-time variability of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 4388 with INTEGRAL and Swift

We present analysis results on the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 4388 based on 6 yr of INTEGRAL data combined with Swift/Burst Alert Telescope survey and Swift/X-Ray Telescope pointed observations. These data, taken from 2003 to 2009, allow us to study the broad-band properties of this active galactic nucleus in the 0.3-300 keV energy range. The continuum emission of NGC 4388 is well represented by an absorbed power-law model with exponential cut-off at high energies and an upper limit on the reflection component of R < 0.5. We find slow strong variations of the hard X-ray emission, indicating both flux and spectral slope changes on the 3-6 months time-scale. In comparison with previous results on NGC 4388, the source shows a complex variability behaviour, i.e. the spectral shape and the 20-60 keV flux vary independentl

Сучасна зарубіжна практика вирішення комерційних (торгових) спорів у судовому порядку

Федорова Т. С. Сучасна зарубіжна практика вирішення комерційних (торгових) спорів у судовому порядку / Т. С. Федорова // Актуальні проблеми держави і права : зб. наук. пр. / редкол.: В. В. Завальнюк (голов. ред.) [та ін.]. – Одеса : Видавничий дім "Гельветика", 2017. – Вип. 79. – С. 141-150.Сучасне зарубіжне законодавство по-різному вирішує питання про те, які суди повинні розглядати економічні (господарські) спори. Як правило, існують два способи вирішення цього питання: або створюються суди спеціальної юрисдикції, уповноважені розглядати економічні справи, або такі справи підвідомчі судам загальної юрисдикції.Современное зарубежное законодательство по-разному решает вопрос о том, какие суды должны рассматривать экономические (хозяйственные) споры. Как правило, существует два способа решения этого вопроса: либо создаются суды специальной юрисдикции, уполномоченные рассматривать экономические дела, либо такие дела подведомственны судам общей юрисдикции.Modern foreign legislation differently decides the question of which courts should consider economic disputes. As a rule, there are two ways to resolve this issue: either courts of special jurisdiction are created that are authorized to consider economic cases, or such cases are subordinate to courts of general jurisdiction