26 research outputs found
Comparação de amostragens em uma floresta estacional semidecidual no entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó MG.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar o método de amostragem de
parcelas de área fixa com métodos de amostragem de distância (quadrantes e Prodan) para caracterização florÃstica e fitossociológica da comunidade arbórea do fragmento florestal com aproximadamente 94, 38 ha na fazenda Recanto Verde, localizado no municÃpio de Alto Jequitibá entorno do Parque Nacional do Caparaó- MG, Zona da Mata Mineira. Para o método de parcelas de área fixa foram alocadas 17 parcelas 20 x 30m (600 m2). Para localização e marcação no campo, utilizou-se um GPS de navegação tomando-se como referência o ponto central da parcela. Para marcação dos pontos referentes aos métodos de distâncias, foi criada uma malha em um mapa gerado a partir de uma imagem do satélite IKONOS, obtida em agosto de 2004. Foram alocados 104 pontos com distância entre linhas amostrais de 100 metros e distância entre pontos dentro da linha de amostragem igual a 50
metros. Em cada parcela e ponto, foram medidas todas as árvores com DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito a 1,30 m de altura) igual ou superior a 5 cm. As famÃlias Araliaceae, Burseraceae, Celastraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Lecythidaceae, Rhamnaceae, Simaroubaceae, Thymeliaceae e Vochysiaceae são observadas apenas no método de parcelas de área fixa, enquanto que as famÃlias Elaeocarpaceae e Lamiaceae são amostradas apenas nos métodos de quadrantes e
Prodan. As espécies com maior VI(%) são: Plathymenia foliolosa método de parcelas de área fixa, Dalbergia nigra método de quadrantes e Mabea fistulifera método de Prodan. A estrutura diamétrica do fragmento florestal estudado segue o padrão geral das florestas ineqüiâneas, em J invertido para os três métodos de
amostragem. Considerando-se todas as estimativas para riqueza, diversidade e estruturas horizontal e diamétrica obtidas pelos três métodos de amostragem, além da intensidade amostral e tempo gasto na aplicação de cada método, o método de parcelas de área fixa demonstra ser o mais fidedigno e com melhor desempenho em
termos de tempo na proposta de retratar a comunidade arbórea estudada
Immunolocalization of protein kinase C isoenzymes alpha, beta I, beta II, delta, and epsilon in mouse kidney
Localization of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes alpha, beta I, beta II, delta, and epsilon was studied employing Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical methods including confocal laser-scanning microscopy in the kidney of two mice strains, namely, C57BL/6 and 129/Sv, which have recently been used as genetic backgrounds for respective knockout mice. Immunoblot analysis identified immunoreactive bands for each isoenzyme in total kidney cell extracts. Isoenzyme expression sites were identical for both strains. Glomeruli expressed PKC-alpha, -beta I, and -epsilon. The latter isoenzyme was also detected in apical aspects of proximal convoluted but not in proximal straight tubules. In contrast to rats, neither PKC-alpha nor PKC-beta I was detectable in the proximal tubule. Immunofluorescence was observed in luminal membranes of medullary (MTAL) and cortical thick ascending limbs for PKC-beta I and in MTAL for PKC-epsilon. The cortical collecting duct expressed PKC-alpha, -beta I, and -delta in intercalated cells only. In the outer medullary collecting duct, PKC-alpha and -beta I were detectable in principal cells, whereas PKC-delta was found in intercalated cells. In the inner medullary collecting duct, PKC-alpha, -beta I, and -beta II were detected. As described for the rat, the expression of PKC-beta II was otherwise restricted to cortical and medullary interstitial cells. The specificity of all labeling was confirmed in respective PKC isoenzyme knockout mice. In summary, distinct expression patterns were shown for PKC isoenzymes alpha, beta I, beta II, delta, and epsilon in the mouse kidney
A cost estimating framework for electronic, electrical and electromechanical (EEE) components obsolescence within the use-oriented product-service systems contracts
This paper provides a cost estimating framework for electrical, electronic and electromechanical (EEE) components obsolescence, which represents the main source of obsolescence issues, owing to the increasingly short life cycle of these types of component. The framework comprises several areas: component complexity levels, obsolescence management levels, obsolescence resolution profiles and obsolescence cost metrics. Several studies, based on the literature and on interaction with numerous obsolescence management experts from industry, have been employed in this research, following a systematic approach. The framework is able to estimate the non-recurring cost of obsolescence during the contracted period within the inservice phase. This is based on the information available at the bidding stage concerning the product breakdown structure (PBS) and the obsolescence management strategy deployed. This framework has been validated at four different UK organizations in the defence and aerospace sectors using seven case studies, one of which is presented in this paper in detail