Gluthatione system during physical loads and alimentary factor impact on it

Objective: to evaluate the functioning of gluthatione system (GS) in organism of swimmers during considerable endurance physical loads and to reveal the influence of nutritional factors on these features. Materials and methods: two groups of swimmers were studied. Sportsmen of the first group consumed «Sport nutrition product» (SNP) based on vegetable raw materials, obtained by cryogenic technology in addition to normal diet. In both groups the blood concentrations of reduced gluthatione (RG), oxidized gluthatione (OG), gluthatione reductase, gluthatione transferase, gluthatione peroxidase in blood were analyzed three times as well as parameters of cardio-vascular system and effectiveness of activity were examined. Results: low initial RG level was revealed in blood of swimmers. At the same time, RG/OG ratio was 25% lower than optimal in both groups. Towards the end of the study, the ratio significantly (50%) increased in group of sportsmen consumed SNP. The same dynamics was also observed by analyzing indices of effectiveness of activity and pulse rate. Conclusions: dynamics of examined parameters provided evidence that both intensity of physical load and peculiarities of nutrition status may influence on effectiveness of GS function in swimmers. SNP administration increased the effectiveness of activity, but a maximum effect was postponed and was observed in a month after cancelling of its administration

Earliness and morphotypes of common wheat cultivars of Western and Eastern Siberia

The global and local climate changes determine the producing of highly-adaptive common (bread) wheat commercial cultivars of a new generation whose optimal earliness matches the climatic features of the territory where the cultivars are farmed. Principal component analysis involving our own and published data has been applied to investigate 98 commercial common wheat cultivars from Western and Eastern Siberia comparing their morphotypes; cultivar zoning time; length of the vegetation period; 1000-grain weight, and inheritance of spring growth habit. It demonstrated that the dominant Vrn gene polymorphism determining the spring growth habit of the Siberian cultivars was minimally polymorphic. In 75 % of the tested cultivars, the spring growth habit was controlled by digenic, namely dominant Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 genes. In 25 % of them (24 cultivars), spring growth habit is controlled by a single gene. In 19 and 5 of these cultivars spring growth habit is controlled by only one dominant gene, Vrn-B1 or Vrn-A1, respectively. In cv. Tulun 15, a trigenic control was identified. A conclusion about the optimality of the digenic control for the climatic conditions of both Western and Eastern Siberia has been confirmed. However, since none of the tested cultivars had the dominant Vrn-D1 gene typical of the regions of China and Central Asia bordering Siberia, it can be considered as an additional argument in favor of the European origin of Siberian common wheat cultivars. The revealed high frequency of the Vrn-B1c allele in the Western Siberian cultivars and the Vrn-B1a allele in the Eastern Siberian cultivars suggests their selectivity. The analysis also confirmed the dominance of red glume (ferrugineum, milturum) and awned spike (ferrugineum, erythrospermum) varieties in the Eastern Siberian cultivars, and white glume and awnedless spike (lutescens and albidum) ones in the Western Siberian cultivars. Small grain size cultivars are more typical of Eastern than Western Siberia. The retrospective analysis based on the cultivars’ zoning time included in the “State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage” brought us to the conclusion that the earliness/lateness of modern Siberian commercial cultivars was not regionally but rather zonally-associated (taiga, subtaiga, forest-steppe and steppe zones)

Cosine families and semigroups really differ

We reveal three surprising properties of cosine families, distinguishing them from semigroups of operators: (1) A single trajectory of a cosine family is either strongly continuous or not measurable. (2) Pointwise convergence of a sequence of equibounded cosine families implies that the convergence is almost uniform for time in the entire real line; in particular, cosine families cannot be perturbed in a singular way. (3) A non-constant trajectory of a bounded cosine family does not have a limit at infinity; in particular, the rich theory of asymptotic behaviour of semigroups does not have a counterpart for cosine families. In addition, we show that equibounded cosine families that converge strongly and almost uniformly in time may fail to converge uniformly.Adam Bobrowski and Wojciech Chojnack

Plasma–liquid interactions: a review and roadmap

Plasma–liquid interactions represent a growing interdisciplinary area of research involving plasma science, fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, photolysis, multiphase chemistry and aerosol science. This review provides an assessment of the state-of-the-art of this multidisciplinary area and identifies the key research challenges. The developments in diagnostics, modeling and further extensions of cross section and reaction rate databases that are necessary to address these challenges are discussed. The review focusses on non-equilibrium plasmas

Crank-Nicolson scheme for abstract linear systems

This paper studies the Crank-Nicolson discretization scheme for abstract differential equations on a general Banach space. We show that a time varying discretization of a bounded analytic $C_0$-semigroups leads to a bounded discrete-time system. On Hilbert spaces this result can be extended to all bounded $C_0$-semigroups for which the inverse generator generates a bounded $C_0$-semigroup. The presentation is based on $C_0$-semigroup theory and uses a functional analysis approach

Stochastic methods for ill-posed problems

This paper is devoted to the numerical analysis of ill-posed problems of evolution equations in Banach spaces using certain classes of stochastic one-step methods. The linear stability properties of these methods are studied. Regularisation is given by the choice of the regularisation parameter as α = √τ, where τ is the stepsize and provides the convergence on smooth initial data. The case of the approximation of well-posed problems is also considered

Approximation of semilinear Cauchy problem for the second order equations in Banach spaces

this paper to consider the property of compactness and under the compactness condition consider the existence and approximation of the mild solution of (3). The following theorem ideologically is taken from [7] and reformulate the existence result for the second order case