Potensi Formulasi Pasta Gigi Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih (Piper Betle L.), Biji Pinang (Areca Catechu), Gambir (Uncaria Gambir) Terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida Albicans

Candida albicans is a normal flora in the oral cavity. The imbalance of the amount of growth of this fungus in the oral cavity and turn into pathogens can cause local to systemic disease. Maintaining the balance of the amount of growth of Candida albicans can be done regularly by maintaining oral hygiene. Efforts to maintain the health and hygiene of people's teeth and mouth are now more recommended for brushing teeth. The use of toothpaste when brushing your teeth has proven to be effective in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. Toothpaste contains various active substances that are antifungal so that they can control the growth of fungi in the oral cavity. These active substances can come from herbal plants such as betel leaves, areca seeds and gambier. Toothpaste made from a combination of these three ingredients is expected to be an effective toothpaste in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Candida albicans in the oral cavity. Objective: To see the potential of toothpaste formulation in combination with ethanol extract of betel leaf (Piper betle L), areca nut (Areca catechu), gambir (Uncaria gambir) in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans fungus. Conclusion: Toothpaste combination of ethanol extract of betel leaf, betel nut and gambier is expected to be able to inhibit the growth of the fungus Candida albicans in the oral cavity

Therapeutic effects of co-inhaled roflumilast or formoterol and fluticasone on asthma-induced ultrastructural changes in murine airways

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effects of "inhaled" roflumilast and formoterol separately or combined with fluticasone on the ultrastructural airway changes in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice.Methods: The asthmatic mice were divided randomly into seven groups (n = 8): positive control, vehicle, and five treated groups. The following treatments were given by inhalation (15 min once/day) for seven days: roflumilast (500 μg/kg), formoterol (50 μg/kg), fluticasone (1000 μg/kg), roflumilast + fluticasone (500 + 1000 μg/kg), and formoterol + fluticasone (50 + 1000 μg/kg). Ultrathin lung sections (50 - 70 nm thick) were examined by transmission electron microscopy.Results: The asthmatic mice showed marked degenerative changes in bronchiolar epithelial cells. The alveolar septal walls were thickened with cellular changes and capillary congestion. The basement membranes showed marked thickening and the airway lumens contained abundant mucinous secretions. These ovalbumin-induced ultrastructural airway changes were markedly-reversed in the roflumilast + fluticasone group, moderately-reversed in the roflumilast, fluticasone, and formoterol + fluticasone groups, but were not affected in the formoterol group.Conclusion: Co-inhalation of roflumilast + fluticasone significantly improved the ultrastructural airway changes than co-inhalation of formoterol + fluticasone in ovalbumin-asthmatic mice due to its antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects.Keywords: Asthma, Fluticasone Propionate, Formoterol, Roflumilast, Ovalbumin, Remodeling, Bronchiolar epitheliu

Diseminasi Long Range (LoRa)Sebagai Perangkat Nirkabel Pada Jaringan Lokal Internet Of Things di SMK 2 Praya Lombok Tengah

Internet of Things atau dikenal juga dengan singkatan IoT, merupakan wujud perkembangan teknologi internet yang memungkinkan setiap barang (things) yang dimiliki dapat terhubung ke internet sehingga dapat dikendalikan dari jarak jauh menggunakan smartphone atau bahkan dengan perintah suara. Saat ini pemerintah sedang giat mengembangkan teknologi IoT untuk mendukung penerapan konsep Smart City. Salah satu himbauan pemerintah adalah meminta peran generasi muda khususnya yang berada pada jenjang Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) untuk mengenal, mempelajari dan mengimplementasikan produk IoT yang mampu bersaing pada era globalisasi. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan, para guru dan siswa SMKN 2 Praya Tengah, belum mengerti mengenai IoT. Pengetahuan dan kompetensi IoT juga masih dirasa sangat rendah dikarenakan kurikulum belum secara langsung mengakomodir pada pembelajaran IoT. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kompetensi di kalangan siswa terutama tentang IoT, diperlukan pelatihan bagi guru dan siswa SMKN 2 Praya Tengah terutama yang memiliki kompetensi Elektronika. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan memberikan ceramah mengenai IoT dan komunikasi LoRa, dilanjutkan dengan pengenalan dan perakitan modul penggunaan LoRa berbasis IoT. Dengan Pelatihan tersebut, para guru dan siswa khususnya kompetensi elektronika, mengerti dan memahami pemanfaatan IoT serta mampu mengimplementasikan IoT menggunakan jaringan komunikasi LoRa.

Structuring heterogeneous biological information using fuzzy clustering of k-partite graphs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Extensive and automated data integration in bioinformatics facilitates the construction of large, complex biological networks. However, the challenge lies in the interpretation of these networks. While most research focuses on the unipartite or bipartite case, we address the more general but common situation of <it>k</it>-partite graphs. These graphs contain <it>k </it>different node types and links are only allowed between nodes of different types. In order to reveal their structural organization and describe the contained information in a more coarse-grained fashion, we ask how to detect clusters within each node type.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Since entities in biological networks regularly have more than one function and hence participate in more than one cluster, we developed a <it>k</it>-partite graph partitioning algorithm that allows for overlapping (fuzzy) clusters. It determines for each node a degree of membership to each cluster. Moreover, the algorithm estimates a weighted <it>k</it>-partite graph that connects the extracted clusters. Our method is fast and efficient, mimicking the multiplicative update rules commonly employed in algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization. It facilitates the decomposition of networks on a chosen scale and therefore allows for analysis and interpretation of structures on various resolution levels. Applying our algorithm to a tripartite disease-gene-protein complex network, we were able to structure this graph on a large scale into clusters that are functionally correlated and biologically meaningful. Locally, smaller clusters enabled reclassification or annotation of the clusters' elements. We exemplified this for the transcription factor MECP2.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In order to cope with the overwhelming amount of information available from biomedical literature, we need to tackle the challenge of finding structures in large networks with nodes of multiple types. To this end, we presented a novel fuzzy <it>k</it>-partite graph partitioning algorithm that allows the decomposition of these objects in a comprehensive fashion. We validated our approach both on artificial and real-world data. It is readily applicable to any further problem.</p

Alteration of Striatal Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in a Mouse Model of DYT11 Myoclonus-Dystonia

Background: DYT11 myoclonus-dystonia (M-D) syndrome is a neurological movement disorder characterized by myoclonic jerks and dystonic postures or movement that can be alleviated by alcohol. It is caused by mutations in SGCE encoding e-sarcoglycan (e-SG); the mouse homolog of this gene is Sgce. Paternally-inherited Sgce heterozygous knockout (Sgce KO) mice exhibit myoclonus, motor impairment and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, modeling several clinical symptoms observed in DYT11 M-D patients. The behavioral deficits are accompanied by abnormally high levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum of Sgce KO mice. Neuroimaging studies of DYT11 M-D patients show reduced dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability, although the possibility of increased endogenous dopamine, and consequently, competitive D2R occupancy cannot be ruled out. Methodology/Principal Findings: The protein levels of striatal D2R, dopamine transporter (DAT), and dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in Sgce KO mice were analyzed by Western blot. The striatal dopamine release after amphetamine injection in Sgce KO mice were analyzed by microdialysis in vivo. The striatal D2R was significantly decreased in Sgce KO mice without altering DAT and D1R. Sgce KO mice also exhibited a significant increase of dopamine release after amphetamine injection in comparison to wild-type (WT) littermates. Conclusion/Significance: The results suggest e-SG may have a role in the regulation of D2R expression. The loss of e-S

Endocrine and Growth Abnormalities in 4H Leukodystrophy Caused by Variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, and POLR1C.

CONTEXT: 4H or POLR3-related leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessive disorder typically characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR1C, and POLR3K. The endocrine and growth abnormalities associated with this disorder have not been thoroughly investigated to date. OBJECTIVE: To systematically characterize endocrine abnormalities of patients with 4H leukodystrophy. DESIGN: An international cross-sectional study was performed on 150 patients with genetically confirmed 4H leukodystrophy between 2015 and 2016. Endocrine and growth abnormalities were evaluated, and neurological and other non-neurological features were reviewed. Potential genotype/phenotype associations were also investigated. SETTING: This was a multicenter retrospective study using information collected from 3 predominant centers. PATIENTS: A total of 150 patients with 4H leukodystrophy and pathogenic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, or POLR1C were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Variables used to evaluate endocrine and growth abnormalities included pubertal history, hormone levels (estradiol, testosterone, stimulated LH and FSH, stimulated GH, IGF-I, prolactin, ACTH, cortisol, TSH, and T4), and height and head circumference charts. RESULTS: The most common endocrine abnormalities were delayed puberty (57/74; 77% overall, 64% in males, 89% in females) and short stature (57/93; 61%), when evaluated according to physician assessment. Abnormal thyroid function was reported in 22% (13/59) of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm pubertal abnormalities and short stature are the most common endocrine features seen in 4H leukodystrophy. However, we noted that endocrine abnormalities are typically underinvestigated in this patient population. A prospective study is required to formulate evidence-based recommendations for management of the endocrine manifestations of this disorder

DIALEKTIKA AKAL DAN WAHYU: PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM ISLAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI HUKUM

Islam in its form has two forms. First, Islam as an ideal transcendental religious system. That is as stated in various Islamic sciences which are the result of the interpretation or contextual understanding of the ulama' of the Qur'an and the example of the Prophet Saw. Second, Islam is reflected in the historical reality of Muslim culture, civilization and society. This means how Islam as a religion that contains divine teachings can be spoken and implemented by humans, so that to be able to translate the message of Allah through the Qur'an as a book of guidance for Muslims, it is necessary to have a thought or study of science to understand the message conveyed by the Qur'an, so that the Qur'an can be grounded in each of the heartstrings of Muslims.Islam dalam wujudnya memiliki dua bentuk. Pertama, Islam sebagai sistem keagamaan yang bersifat transendental yang ideal. Yaitu sebagaimana tertuang dalam berbagai ilmu keislaman yang merupakan hasil interpretasi atau pemahaman secara kontekstual para ulama’ terhadap Al- Qur’an dan keteladanan Rasulullah Saw. Kedua, Islam yang tercermin dalam realitas sejarah kebudayaan, peradaban dan masyarakat muslim. Ini artinya bagaimana Islam sebagai agama yang memuat ajaran-ajaran Ilahi dapat dibahasakan dan dilaksanakan oleh manusia, sehingga untuk dapat menerjemahkan pesan Allah melaui Al-Qur’an sebagai kitab tuntunan umat Islam, maka perlu adanya suatu pemikiran atau kajian ilmu untuk memahami pesan yang disampaikan Al- Qur’an, sehingga Al-Qur’an dapat membumi di masing-masing hati sanubari umat Islam.

Kinerja jaringan saraf berbasis backpropagation dan LVQ sebagai algoritme fingerprint RSS LoRa untuk penentuan posisi pada ruang terbuka

Outdoor positioning is one of the important applications in the Internet of things (IoT). The usage of GPS is unsuitable for low-power IoT devices. Alternatively, it can use the LoRa devices. This research aims to find a better method as the fingerprint algorithm for determining the outdoor position using RSS LoRa. The methods used as the fingerprint algorithm were two artificial neural network models, i.e. backpropagation (BP) with four types of training methods and learning vector quantization (LVQ) with two types of training methods. The experiment results show the performance of LVQ1 better than those of LVQ2. Besides, the LVQ1 was also better than the BP method. However, both BP and LVQ2 have a performance that is almost similar to about 70 %. Both of the artificial neural network models, BP and LVQ, can be used as a fingerprint algorithm to determine quite accurate the outdoor object position.Penentuan posisi ruang terbuka merupakan salah satu aplikasi penting pada internet of things. Penggunaan GPS tidak cocok untuk perangkat IoT yang berdaya rendah. Sebagai alternatif digunakan perangkat LoRa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan metode yang lebih baik sebagai algoritme fingerprint dalam menentukan posisi objek pada ruang terbuka berdasarkan RSS LoRa. Metode yang digunakan sebagai algoritme fingerprint adalah dua model jaringan saraf tiruan, yaitu backpropagation (BP) dengan empat jenis metode pelatihan dan learning vector quantization (LVQ) dengan dua metode pelatihan. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kinerja LVQ1 lebih baik dibanding LVQ2. Selain itu, kinerja LVQ1 juga lebih baik dibandingkan BP, sedangkan metode BP dan LVQ2 memiliki tingkat keberhasilan hampir sama di sekitar 70 %. Kedua model jaringan saraf tiruan, baik BP maupun LVQ, dapat digunakan sebagai algoritme fingerprint untuk menentukan posisi objek pada ruang terbuka dengan akurasi yang cukup tinggi

Dyslipidemic drugs in metabolic syndrome

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome predisposes to diabetes and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Statins reduce cardiovascular events, so all metabolic syndrome patients should be evaluated for dyslipidemia. Many patients fail to achieve lipid goals with statin monotherapy. Co-administration of ezetimibe (EZE) and atorvastatin (ATV) may enable more patients to achievelow-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) goal while avoiding risks of high-dose statin monotherapy. Materials and Methods: The present study compares rosuvastatin (Rsv) with a combination of (Atv) and (Eze). Metabolic syndrome patients, 30-70 years with LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl and a 10-year CHD risk score of 10% were randomized to double-blind treatment with (Rsv) 5 mg (n = 67) or (Atv) 10 mg+(Eze) 10 mg (n = 68) for 12 weeks. Results: LDL-C reduced significantly; (32.3% and 30.3%, P < 0.001) in (Atv)+(Eze) and (Rsv), respectively, but there was no significant difference between two arms. More patients achieved LDL-C goal of ≤100 mg/dl with (Atv)+(Eze) compared to (Rsv) (65% vs. 58%, P < 0.05). Triglycerides (TG) were reduced more with (Atv)+(Eze) compared to (Rsv) (28.1% and 21.4%, P < 0.001). Greater increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed with (Atv)+(Eze). Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion: This study shows that the combination of (Atv)+(Eze) has more efficacy and comparable safety to that of (Rsv)