Muscle dysmorphia research neglects DSM-5 diagnostic criteria

This systematic review aimed to collect, evaluate, and synthesize the research on muscle dysmorphia (MD) post official recognition as a specifier for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in the DSM-5, and provide recommendations for future research. Literature searches were conducted in four databases to see if inclusion criteria were met. Results revealed 33 studies meeting inclusion criteria, none of which utilized DSM-5 criteria for MD and/or acknowledged the criterion in their research. Few studies acknowledged the association between MD and BDD, and the methodological quality of recent MD research was considered low due to a lack of clinical samples, measurements not using validated cut-off scores, and the research designs. In conclusion, future MD research is encouraged to utilize DSM-5 diagnostic criteria to better inform clinical practice; and significantly improve the methodological quality. As such, more effective treatment options may be developed reducing the risk of health harming consequences in these individuals

Community Resilience and Creating Capacities for Risk Reduction in First Nations Communities, Case Study in Minegoziibe Anishinabe (Pine Creek First Nation)

The colonization of Indigenous peoples in Canada has serious consequences on First Nations, including forced removal and displacement from their ancestral lands, environmental degradation, declining resources and capacities, and human rights violations. First Nations communities are currently facing the amplified effects of human-driven climate change. Sustainability of the environment is not just a concept, but a practiced way of life, that recognizes the interdependence of all living things. This deep respect for Aki (earth) is at the foundation of First Nations cultures and continues to guide their actions to insure better futures for Seven Generations. The community of Minegoziibe Anishinabe (Pine Creek First Nation), located in Manitoba, has recently confronted life-threatening events of wildfires and floods. Like many First Nations, they have also faced the harmful social effects resulting from the legacy of Indian Residential Schools (IRS) and the epidemic of drug and alcohol use (Bombay et al., 2014). The community is creating capacities for risk reduction through taking care of their mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. Traditional roles and responsibilities of the Chief and Council, Elders, Knowledge Keepers, and community members have helped guide mechanisms for emergency response and recovery. The analysis uses a holistic approach to understand community resilience (CR) through decolonized frameworks for disaster risk reduction (DRR). Keywords: First Nations, Indigenous, land-based knowledge, Medicine Wheel, community resilience (CR), disaster risk reduction (DRR

Dihedral Quintic Fields with a Power Basis

It is shown that there exist infinitely many dihedral quintic fields with a power basis.</p

Intervention development for people with muscle dysmorphia symptoms:best practice and future recommendations

Symptoms of muscle dysmorphia carry significant risks for people’s health and wellbeing. A key priority is therefore to support this group in reducing their symptoms and distorted behaviors to mitigate against the development of clinically severe muscle dysmorphia. However, few interventions exist and there is a need to develop new programs urgently. In this article, we provide researchers and practitioners with evidence-based recommendations on how to effectively achieve this. Recommendations are based on the health intervention development literature and the Intervention Mapping Protocol is introduced as a valuable tool for systemizing the development process. We encourage and now call on researchers and practitioners to action this imminent and important task of developing interventions to address muscle dysmorphia symptoms

A psycho-educational curriculum for sport career transition practitioners: Development and evaluation

Research question: This paper is an integration of three studies. Study 1 investigates sport career transition organisational intervention programmes for high performance athletes and training and development programmes for sport career transition practitioners in order to find a research gap with regard to sport career transition supporting services. A psycho-educational curriculum was developed for sport career transition practitioner in Study 2 to fill the research gap. In Study 3, the curriculum was examined to see if the curriculum contributed to enhancing practitioners’ confidence in key competences.  Research methods: A range of methods were applied to the studies including One Group Pre- and Post-test design, Case Study, Focus Group, Semi-Structured Interview, two-round Delphi-Method and Questionnaires. The data for Study 1 collected from 19 countries worldwide and total 16 participants based in seven different countries were invited to development and evaluation of the curriculum.  Results and Findings: A novel psycho-educational curriculum for sport career transition practitioner was developed and evaluated concerning four competences as a form of curriculum package. The findings revealed that the curriculum package increased the participants’ confidence in key competences concerning sport career transition.  Implications: The findings deepen the knowledge of sport career transition in the areas of organisational intervention programmes focusing on high performance athletes and sport career transition practitioners. These findings contribute to modifying the Conceptual Model of Adaptation to Career Transition (Lavallee, Park, & Taylor, 2014) by strengthening the organisational intervention perspective and applied work in respect of sporting organisation management strategie

Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on private domestic groundwater sample numbers, E. coli presence and E. coli concentration across Ontario, January 2020–March 2021: An interrupted time-series analysis

Approximately 1.5 million individuals in Ontario are supplied by private water wells (private groundwater supplies). Unlike municipal supplies, private well water quality remains unregulated, with owners responsible for testing, treating, and maintaining their own water supplies. The COVID-19 global pandemic and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have impacted many environmental (e.g., surface water and air quality) and human (e.g., healthcare, transportation) systems over the past 15-months (January 2020 to March 2021). To date, the impact of these interventions on private groundwater systems remains largely unknown. Accordingly, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of a province-wide COVID-19 lockdown (late-March 2020) on health behaviours (i.e., private domestic groundwater sampling) and groundwater quality (via Escherichia coli (E. coli) detection and concentration) in private well water in Ontario, using time-series analyses (seasonal decomposition, interrupted time-series) of a large-spatio-temporal dataset (January 2016 to March 2021; N = 743,200 samples). Findings indicate that lockdown concurred with an immediate (p = 0.015) and sustained (p \u3c 0.001) decrease in sampling rates, equating to approximately 2200 fewer samples received per week post-interruption. Likewise, a slightly decreased E. coli detection rate was observed approximately one month after lockdowns began (p = 0.003), while the proportion of “highly contaminated” samples (i.e., E. coli \u3e 10 CFU/100 mL) was shown to increase within one month (p = 0.02), followed by a sustained decrease for the remainder of the year (May 2020–December 2020). Analyses strongly suggest that COVID-19 interventions resulted in discernible impacts on both well user behaviours and hydrogeological mechanisms. Findings may be used as an evidence-base for assisting policy makers, public health practitioners and private well owners in developing recommendations and mitigation strategies to manage public health risks during extreme and/or unprecedented future events

Early predictors of separation anxiety disorder : early stranger anxiety, parental pathology and prenatal factors

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; The present study seeks to extend research on the etiology of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in a German-speaking sample by examining differences between children with SAD and healthy comparisons, using a retrospective-reporting paradigm. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; The sample included 106 children with SAD and 44 healthy children between the ages of 4 and 14 years. Parents completed questionnaires and structured clinical interviews to assess parental pathology, pregnancy variables and strong early stranger anxiety. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Children with SAD were more likely than healthy children to have had a phase of stronger stranger anxiety in infancy. Further, early stranger anxiety remained a significant predictor of SAD after controlling for maternal depression. Meaningful effects were not found for the influence of parental age at birth or other pregnancy factors. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; This study provides beginning evidence of the potential predictive value of strong stranger anxiety in distinguishing children with SAD from those with no disorder, above and beyond the influence of parental pathology.</jats:p

Filling the void - enriching the feature space of successful stopping

The ability to inhibit behavior is crucial for adaptation in a fast changing environment and is commonly studied with the stop signal task. Current EEG research mainly focuses on the N200 and P300 ERPs and corresponding activity in the theta and delta frequency range, thereby leaving us with a limited understanding of the mechanisms of response inhibition. Here, 15 functional networks were estimated from time-frequency transformed EEG recorded during processing of a visual stop signal task. Cortical sources underlying these functional networks were reconstructed, and a total of 45 features, each representing spectrally and temporally coherent activity, were extracted to train a classifier to differentiate between go and stop trials. A classification accuracy of 85.55% for go and 83.85% for stop trials was achieved. Features capturing fronto-central delta- and theta activity, parieto-occipital alpha, fronto-central as well as right frontal beta activity were highly discriminating between trial-types. However, only a single network, comprising a feature defined by oscillatory activity below 12 Hz, was associated with a generator in the opercular region of the right inferior frontal cortex and showed the expected associations with behavioral inhibition performance. This study pioneers by providing a detailed ranking of neural features regarding their information content for stop and go differentiation at the single-trial level, and may further be the first to identify a scalp EEG marker of the inhibitory control network. This analysis allows for the characterization of the temporal dynamics of response inhibition by matching electrophysiological phenomena to cortical generators and behavioral inhibition performanc