Возможности применения трехмерной визуализации для дифференциальной диагностики опухолевидных образований надпочечников

Authors show that three-dimensional visualization significantly simplifies the differential diagnosis of suprarenal tumors and allows carrying out comprehensive planning of laparoscopic adrenalectomy even in patients with huge suprarenal tumors.

Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease:A randomized controlled trial

Objective: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of lutein combined with vitamin and mineral supplementation on contrast sensitivity in people with age-related macular disease (ARMD). Design: A prospective, 9-month, double-masked randomized controlled trial. Setting: Aston University, Birmingham, UK and a UK optometric clinical practice. Subjects: Age-related maculopathy (ARM) and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) participants were randomized (using a random number generator) to either placebo (n = 10) or active (n=15) groups. Three of the placebo group and two of the active group dropped out. Interventions: The active group supplemented daily with 6 mg lutein combined with vitamins and minerals. The outcome measure was contrast sensitivity (CS) measured using the Pelli-Robson chart, for which the study had 80% power at the 5% significance level to detect a change of 0.3log units. Results: The CS score increased by 0.07 ± 0.07 and decreased by 0.02 ± 0.18 log units for the placebo and active groups, respectively. The difference between these values is not statistically significant (z = 0.903, P = 0.376). Conclusion: The results suggest that 6 mg of lutein supplementation in combination with other antioxidants is not beneficial for this group. Further work is required to establish optimum dosage levels

Outpatient diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (For a practicing doctor)

The article is focused on the diagnosis of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Comorbidities should be always excluded In smokers with clinical symptoms of exacerbations and normal lung function. Because of high rate (>50%) of undiagnosed COPD exacerbation we recommend to use validated questionnaires: «Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool» (EXACT) or «Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale» (BCSS) and leaflet for patients during their follow-up. We proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of COPD exacerbations in outpatient facilities in real clinical practiceХроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) является одним из наиболее распространенных заболеваний во всем мире и в России. Статья посвящена диагностике обострений хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) у амбулаторных больных. Сопутствующие заболевания должны быть всегда исключены у курильщиков с клиническими симптомами обострений и нормальной функцией легких. Поэтому, при оценке обострения ХОБЛ на основании симптомов, необходимо убедиться, что у больного имеется ХОБЛ. Степень понимания пациентами термина «обострение» в целом является низкой. 59,2% больных никогда не слышали этот термин или не знают, что он означает. Данное обстоятельство свидетельствует об актуальности диагностики обострений ХОБЛ в амбулаторных условиях. Для диагностики обострения ХОБЛ используются два валидизированных опросника: «Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool» (EXACT) и «Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Scale» (BCSS) и памятка для пациентов с ХОБЛ. С целью оптимизации диагностики обострений ХОБЛ в амбулаторных условиях предлагается алгоритм действий врача на поликлиническом приеме с бальной оценкой симптомов

Cancer Biomarker Discovery: The Entropic Hallmark

Background: It is a commonly accepted belief that cancer cells modify their transcriptional state during the progression of the disease. We propose that the progression of cancer cells towards malignant phenotypes can be efficiently tracked using high-throughput technologies that follow the gradual changes observed in the gene expression profiles by employing Shannon's mathematical theory of communication. Methods based on Information Theory can then quantify the divergence of cancer cells' transcriptional profiles from those of normally appearing cells of the originating tissues. The relevance of the proposed methods can be evaluated using microarray datasets available in the public domain but the method is in principle applicable to other high-throughput methods. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using melanoma and prostate cancer datasets we illustrate how it is possible to employ Shannon Entropy and the Jensen-Shannon divergence to trace the transcriptional changes progression of the disease. We establish how the variations of these two measures correlate with established biomarkers of cancer progression. The Information Theory measures allow us to identify novel biomarkers for both progressive and relatively more sudden transcriptional changes leading to malignant phenotypes. At the same time, the methodology was able to validate a large number of genes and processes that seem to be implicated in the progression of melanoma and prostate cancer. Conclusions/Significance: We thus present a quantitative guiding rule, a new unifying hallmark of cancer: the cancer cell's transcriptome changes lead to measurable observed transitions of Normalized Shannon Entropy values (as measured by high-throughput technologies). At the same time, tumor cells increment their divergence from the normal tissue profile increasing their disorder via creation of states that we might not directly measure. This unifying hallmark allows, via the the Jensen-Shannon divergence, to identify the arrow of time of the processes from the gene expression profiles, and helps to map the phenotypical and molecular hallmarks of specific cancer subtypes. The deep mathematical basis of the approach allows us to suggest that this principle is, hopefully, of general applicability for other diseases

Fine-mapping of common genetic variants associated with colorectal tumor risk identified potential functional variants

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with colorectal cancer risk. These SNPs may tag correlated variants with biological importance. Fine-mapping around GWAS loci can facilitate detection of functional candidates and additional independent risk variants. We analyzed 11,900 cases and 14,311 controls in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium and the Colon Cancer Family Registry. To fine-map genomic regions containing all known common risk variants, we imputed high-density genetic data from the 1000 Genomes Project. We tested single-variant associations with colorectal tumor risk for all variants spanning genomic regions 250-kb upstream or downstream of 31 GWAS-identified SNPs (index SNPs). We queried the University of California, Santa Cruz Genome Browser to examine evidence for biological function. Index SNPs did not show the strongest association signals with colorectal tumor risk in their respective genomic regions. Bioinformatics analysis of SNPs showing smaller P-values in each region revealed 21 functional candidates in 12 loci (5q31.1, 8q24, 11q13.4, 11q23, 12p13.32, 12q24.21, 14q22.2, 15q13, 18q21, 19q13.1, 20p12.3, and 20q13.33). We did not observe evidence of additional independent association signals in GWAS-identified regions. Our results support the utility of integrating data from comprehensive fine-mapping with expanding publicly available genomic databases to help clarify GWAS associations and identify functional candidates that warrant more onerous laboratory follow-up. Such efforts may aid the eventual discovery of disease-causing variant(s).National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Three-dimensional visualization of suprarenal tumors for differential diagnosis

Authors show that three-dimensional visualization significantly simplifies the differential diagnosis of suprarenal tumors and allows carrying out comprehensive planning of laparoscopic adrenalectomy even in patients with huge suprarenal tumors

Образование трет-бутилдифенилметилнитроксильного радикала в реакции дикротоната трифенилвисмута и C-фенил-N-трет-бутилнитрона в бензоле

Decomposition of triphenylbismuth dicrotonate in diffused light in bensene in the presence of spin trap of C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone leads to formation of phenyl radicals which are registered as the adduct PhCH(Ph)N(O•)Bu-t.Triphenylbismuth dicrotonate Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHCH3)2 in benzene solition in the presence of C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone PhCH=N(O)Bu-t decomposes in light. An adduct of phenyl radical and spin trap PhCH(Ph)N(O•)Bu-t was registered by ESR method.Распад дикротоната трифенилвисмута на рассеянном свету в бензоле в присутствии спиновой ловушки C-фенил-N-трет-бутилнитрона приводит к образованию фенильных радикалов, которые регистрируются как аддукт PhCH(Ph)N(O•)Bu-t.Дикротонат трифенилвисмута Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHCH3)2 в присутствии C-фенил-N-трет-бутилнитрона PhCH=N(O)Bu-t на свету распадается в бензоле. Аддукт фенильного радикала и спиновой ловушки PhCH(Ph)N(O•)Bu-t был зафиксирован методом ЭПР

Образование трет-бутилдифенилметилнитроксильного радикала в реакции дикротоната трифенилвисмута и C-фенил-N-трет-бутилнитрона в бензоле

Received: 01.03.2017; accepted: 03.04.2017; published: 14.07.2017.Поступило: 01.03.2017; принято: 03.04.2017; опубликовано: 14.07.2017.Decomposition of triphenylbismuth dicrotonate in diffused light in bensene in the presence of spin trap of C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone leads to formation of phenyl radicals which are registered as the adduct PhCH(Ph)N(O•)Bu-t. Triphenylbismuth dicrotonate Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHCH3)2 in benzene solition in the presence of C-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone PhCH=N(O)Bu-t decomposes in light. An adduct of phenyl radical and spin trap PhCH(Ph)N(O•)Bu-t was registered by ESR method.Распад дикротоната трифенилвисмута на рассеянном свету в бензоле в присутствии спиновой ловушки C-фенил-N-трет-бутилнитрона приводит к образованию фенильных радикалов, которые регистрируются как аддукт PhCH(Ph)N(O•)Bu-t. Дикротонат трифенилвисмута Ph3Bi(O2CCH=CHCH3)2 в присутствии C-фенил-N-трет-бутилнитрона PhCH=N(O)Bu-t на свету распадается в бензоле. Аддукт фенильного радикала и спиновой ловушки PhCH(Ph)N(O•)Bu-t был зафиксирован методом ЭПР