5,361 research outputs found
Analysis of galactic tides and stars on CDM microhalos
A special purpose N-body simulation has been built to understand the tidal
heating of the smallest dark matter substructures (10^{-6}\msun and 0.01pc)
from the grainy potential of the Milky Way due to individual stars in the disk
and the bulge. To test the method we first run simulations of single encounters
of microhalos with an isolated star, and compare with analytical predictions of
the dark particle bound fraction as a function of impact parameter. We then
follow the orbits of a set of microhalos in a realistic flattened Milky Way
potential. We concentrate on (detectable) microhalos passing near the Sun with
a range of pericenter and apocenter. Stellar perturbers near the orbital path
of a microhalo would exert stochachstic impulses, which we apply in a Monte
Carlo fashion according to the Besancon model for the distribution of stars of
different masses and ages in our Galaxy. Also incorporated are the usual
pericenter tidal heating and disk-shocking heating. We give a detailed
diagnosis of typical microhalos and find microhalos with internal tangential
anisotropy are slightly more robust than the ones with radial anisotropy. In
addition, the dark particles generally go through of a random walk in velocity
space and diffuse out of the microhalos.
We show that the typical destruction time scales are strongly correlated with
the stellar density averaged along a microhalo's orbit over the age of the
stellar disk. We also present the morphology of a microhalo at several epochs
which may hold the key to dark matter detections.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure
Frequency and type of adverse analytical findings in athletics: Differences among disciplines.
Athletics is a highly diverse sport that contains a set of disciplines grouped into jumps,
throws, races of varying distances, and combined events. From a physiological standpoint,
the physical capabilities linked to success are quite different among
disciplines, with varying involvements of muscle strength, muscle power, and
endurance. Thus, the use of banned substances in athletics might be dictated by physical
dimensions of each discipline. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to
analyse the number and distribution of adverse analytical findings per drug class in
athletic disciplines. The data included in this investigation were gathered from the
Anti-Doping Testing Figure Report made available by the World Anti-Doping Agency
(from 2016 to 2018). Interestingly, there were no differences in the frequency of
adverse findings (overall, 0.95%, range from 0.77 to 1.70%) among disciplines
despite long distance runners having the highest number of samples analysed per year
( 9812 samples/year). Sprinters and throwers presented abnormally high
proportions of adverse analytical findings within the group of anabolic agents
(p < 0.01); middle- and long-distance runners presented atypically high proportions of
findings related to peptide hormones and growth factors (p < 0.01); racewalkers presented
atypically high proportions of banned diuretics and masking agents (p = 0.05).
These results suggest that the proportion of athletes that are using banned substances
is similar among the different disciplines of athletics. However, there are substantial
differences in the class of drugs more commonly used in each discipline. This information
can be used to effectively enhance anti-doping testing protocols in athletics.post-print1.911 K
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle modification programme in the prevention and treatment of subclinical, mild and moderate depression in primary care: A randomised clinical trial protocol
Introduction
Major depression is a highly prevalent pathology that is currently the second most common cause of disease-induced disability in our society. The onset and continuation of depression may be related to a wide variety of biological and psychosocial factors, many of which are linked to different lifestyle aspects. Therefore, health systems must design and implement health promotion and lifestyle modification programmes (LMPs), taking into account personal factors and facilitators. The main objective of this protocol is to analyse the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and cost utility of an LMP and an LMP with information and communication technologies (ICTs) as adjunctive treatment for depression in primary care patients. The secondary objectives are to analyse the clinical effectiveness in the subgroup that presents comorbidity and to analyse the correlation between personal factors on health behaviour and lifestyle patterns. Methods and analysis A randomised, multicenter pragmatic clinical trial with three parallel groups consisting of primary healthcare patients suffering from subclinical, mild or moderate depression. The following interventions will be used:
(1) Usual antidepressant treatment with psychological advice and/or psychotropic drugs prescribed by the general practitioner (treatment as usual (TAU)).
(2) TAU+LMP. A programme to be imparted in six weekly 90-minute group sessions, intended to improve the following aspects: behavioural activation+daily physical activity+adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern+sleep hygiene+careful exposure to sunlight.
(3) TAU+LMP+ICTs: healthy lifestyle recommendations (TAU+LMP)+monitoring using ICTs (a wearable smartwatch).
The primary outcome will be the depressive symptomatology and the secondary outcomes will be the quality of life, the use of health and social resources, personal factors on health behaviour, social support, lifestyle patterns and chronic comorbid pathology. Data will be collected before and after the intervention, with 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Aragón (approval number: C.P.-C.I. PI18/286) and the Research Ethics Committee of the Balearic Islands (IB3950/19 PI). Data distribution will be anonymous. Results will be disseminated via conferences and papers published in peer-reviewed, open-access journals. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03951350)
P67 195. Cirugía del tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo en el enfermo crítico
La extracción de los trombos pulmonares en el tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo antes de 1953 (operación de Trendelenburg) cosechó fracaso tras fracaso. Desde el advenimiento de la circulación extracorpórea (CEC) el porcentaje de éxito de esta operación mejoró notablemente, no habiendo dejado de aumentar hasta la actualidad, existiendo series que reflejan porcentajes de hasta el 94% de supervivencia inmediata, con 86 y 83% de supervivencia actuarial a 1 y 3años.Presentamos un caso de paciente varón de 35años sin enfermedad previa ni antecedentes familiares de enfermedad tromboembólica. Consulta por insuficiencia respiratoria, siendo diagnosticado por tomografía computarizada de tromboembolismo en AP izquierda, la cual ocluye. El ECO-Doppler de MMII descarta trombosis venosa profunda (TVP). Una nueva tomografía computarizada informa de persistencia de la obstrucción de AP izquierda y sus ramas, que parece haber aumentado. En ecocardiografía transtorácica (ETT) dilatación de cavidades derechas con función de ventrículo derecho (VD) normal y presión sistólica de la arteria pulmonar (PSAP) de 70 mmHg. Los estudios para investigar trombofilia fueron negativos.Tras unos días empeora su situación, produciéndose dos paradas cardiorrespiratorias, de las que es reanimado y tratado inmediatamente con TNK. La tomografía computarizada muestra la existencia de nuevo episodio de tromboembolismo pulmonar que afecta a la AP derecha gravemente.Es intervenido quirúrgicamente bajo CEC sin parada circulatoria, extrayéndose molde trombótico de tronco y ambas ramas de la AP. La evolución postoperatoria fue favorable. En tomografía computarizada de control se observan limpios el tronco y las ramas de la AP, con cierto compromiso en ramas subsegmentarias de la AP izquierda.Se muestran imágenes de la intervención y tomografía computarizada pre y posquirúrgicas
Slow evolution of elliptical galaxies induced by dynamical friction III. Role of density concentration and pressure anisotropy
In this paper we study the infall, by dynamical friction, of rigid
"satellites" taken in a variety of initial configurations and models. We thus
measure how dynamical friction depends on the density concentration and on the
pressure anisotropy of the host galaxy and, separately, the response of the
galaxy during the process.
The investigation is carried out by using a numerical laboratory set up in
previous papers of this series.
We find that the pressure anisotropy present in the host galaxy has little
effect on dynamical friction. Instead, the shape of the galaxy density profile
is very important. The classical idealized description appears to be applicable
to galaxy models characterized by a small density gradient but not to
concentrated models. In contrast to the behavior found in small density
gradient models, the orbits of satellites captured in concentrated models are
not circularized by dynamical friction.
The induced evolution in the host galaxy reflects the initial conditions
adopted for the captured satellite. Satellites spiraling in on quasi-circular
orbits tend to modify the pressure tensor of the host galaxy in the tangential
direction and the galaxy shape from spherical to oblate, while satellites
captured along quasi-radial orbits tend to induce pressure anisotropy in the
radial direction and to generate a prolate shape. This result suggests that the
shape of early-type galaxies may result from occasional mergers rather than
being directly related to the effectiveness of the radial-orbit instability
during the process of formation via collisionless collapse, as often argued in
the past.Comment: 16 pages, 18 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic
Brain Sci
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (amnestic or non-amnestic) has different clinical and neuropsychological characteristics, and its evolution is heterogeneous. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), such as hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and the presence of the Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (ApoE epsilon4) polymorphism have been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias but the relationship is inconsistent worldwide. We aimed to establish the association between the ApoE epsilon4 carrier status and CVRF on MCI subtypes (amnestic and non-amnestic) in Mexican older adults. Cross-sectional study including 137 older adults (n = 63 with normal cognition (NC), n = 24 with amnesic, and n = 50 with non-amnesic MCI). Multinomial logistic regression models were performed in order to determine the association between ApoE epsilon4 polymorphism carrier and CVRF on amnestic and non-amnestic-MCI. ApoE epsilon4 carrier status was present in 28.8% participants. The models showed that ApoE epsilon4 carrier status was not associated neither aMCI nor naMCI condition. The interaction term ApoE epsilon4 x CVRF was not statistically significant for both types of MCI. However, CVRF were associated with both types of MCI and the association remained statistically significant after adjustment by sex, age, and education level. The carrier status of the ApoE genotype does not contribute to this risk
Indirect signals from light neutralinos in supersymmetric models without gaugino mass unification
We examine indirect signals produced by neutralino self-annihilations, in the
galactic halo or inside celestial bodies, in the frame of an effective MSSM
model without gaugino-mass unification at a grand unification scale. We compare
our theoretical predictions with current experimental data of gamma-rays and
antiprotons in space and of upgoing muons at neutrino telescopes. Results are
presented for a wide range of the neutralino mass, though our discussions are
focused on light neutralinos. We find that only the antiproton signal is
potentially able to set constraints on very low-mass neutralinos, below 20 GeV.
The gamma-ray signal, both from the galactic center and from high galactic
latitudes, requires significantly steep profiles or substantial clumpiness in
order to reach detectable levels. The up-going muon signal is largely below
experimental sensitivities for the neutrino flux coming from the Sun; for the
flux from the Earth an improvement of about one order of magnitude in
experimental sensitivities (with a low energy threshold) can make accessible
neutralino masses close to O, Si and Mg nuclei masses, for which resonant
capture is operative.Comment: 17 pages, 1 tables and 5 figures, typeset with ReVTeX4. The paper may
also be found at http://www.to.infn.it/~fornengo/papers/indirect04.ps.gz or
through http://www.astroparticle.to.infn.it/. Limit from BR(Bs--> mu+ mu-)
adde
Warped Radion Dark Matter
Warped scenarios offer an appealing solution to the hierarchy problem. We
consider a non-trivial deformation of the basic Randall-Sundrum framework that
has a KK-parity symmetry. This leads to a stable particle beyond the Standard
Model, that is generically expected to be the first KK-parity odd excitation of
the radion field. We consider the viability of the KK-radion as a DM candidate
in the context of thermal and non-thermal production in the early universe. In
the thermal case, the KK-radion can account for the observed DM density when
the radion decay constant is in the natural multi-TeV range. We also explore
the effects of coannihilations with the first KK excitation of the RH top, as
well as the effects of radion-Higgs mixing, which imply mixing between the
KK-radion and a KK-Higgs (both being KK-parity odd). The non-thermal scenario,
with a high radion decay constant, can also lead to a viable scenario provided
the reheat temperature and the radion decay constant take appropriate values,
although the reheat temperature should not be much higher than the TeV scale.
Direct detection is found to be feasible if the DM has a small (KK-parity odd)
Higgs admixture. Indirect detection via a photon signal from the galactic
center is an interesting possibility, while the positron and neutrino fluxes
from KK-radion annihilations are expected to be rather small. Colliders can
probe characteristic aspects of the DM sector of warped scenarios with
KK-parity, such as the degeneracy between the radion and the KK-radion (DM)
modes.Comment: 43 pages, 16 figures; added reference
Cosmic Ray Anomalies from the MSSM?
The recent positron excess in cosmic rays (CR) observed by the PAMELA
satellite may be a signal for dark matter (DM) annihilation. When these
measurements are combined with those from FERMI on the total () flux
and from PAMELA itself on the ratio, these and other results are
difficult to reconcile with traditional models of DM, including the
conventional mSUGRA version of Supersymmetry even if boosts as large as
are allowed. In this paper, we combine the results of a previously
obtained scan over a more general 19-parameter subspace of the MSSM with a
corresponding scan over astrophysical parameters that describe the propagation
of CR. We then ascertain whether or not a good fit to this CR data can be
obtained with relatively small boost factors while simultaneously satisfying
the additional constraints arising from gamma ray data. We find that a specific
subclass of MSSM models where the LSP is mostly pure bino and annihilates
almost exclusively into pairs comes very close to satisfying these
requirements. The lightest in this set of models is found to be
relatively close in mass to the LSP and is in some cases the nLSP. These models
lead to a significant improvement in the overall fit to the data by an amount
dof in comparison to the best fit without Supersymmetry
while employing boosts . The implications of these models for future
experiments are discussed.Comment: 57 pages, 31 figures, references adde
Factors influencing citrus fruit scarring caused by Pezothrips kellyanus
[EN] Kelly s citrus thrips (KCT) Pezothrips kellyanus
(Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a recently recorded
cosmopolitan citrus pest, causing fruit scarring that results in
downgrading of fruit. Due to the detrimental effects caused
on fruits by KCT, we wanted to study some of the factors
influencing fruit scarring. Specifically, the objectives were:
(1) to determine the fruit development stage when citrus
fruits are damaged by KCT and the population structure of
KCT during this period, (2) to study the influence of temperature
on intensity of damage, and finally, (3) to identify
alternative host plants. KCT populations on flowers and
fruitlets and alternate plant hosts were sampled in four citrus
orchards from 2008 to 2010. The percentage of damaged
fruits was also recorded. The exotic vine Araujia sericifera
(Apocynaceae) was recorded as a new host for KCT. Thrips
scarring started to increase at 350 650 degree-days (DD)
above 10.2 C, coinciding with a peak abundance of the
second instar larval stages over all 3 years of the study. The
maximum percentage of larval stages of KCT was observed
in the 3 years at about 500 DD, a period which corresponds to
the end of May or early June. Variation in the severity of fruit
scarring appeared to be related to air temperature. Temperature
likely affects the synchronisation between the peak in
abundance of KCT larvae, and the period when fruitlets are
susceptible to thrips damage. Temperature can also influence
the survival and development of KCT populations in citrus
and other host plants in the citrus agro-ecosystem.The authors thank Alejandro Tena for his valuable suggestions and two anonymous referees for their careful review and helpful comments. We also extend our thanks to the owners of the commercial orchards for giving us permission to use their citrus orchards. The first author was awarded an FPI fellowship from the Polytechnic University of Valencia to obtain her PhD degree.Navarro Campos, C.; Pekas, A.; Aguilar Martí, MA.; Garcia Marí, F. (2013). Factors influencing citrus fruit scarring caused by Pezothrips kellyanus. Journal of Pest Science. (86):459-467. doi:10.1007/s10340-013-0489-7S45946786Baker GJ (2006) Kelly citrus thrips management. Fact sheet. Government of South Australia, primary industries and resources SA. http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/44875/kctfact_sheet.pdf . 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