19 research outputs found
EXPERIMENTALLY AND ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF AXIALLY LOADED TIED COLUMNS WITH AND WITHOUT STEEL FIBERS
Bu çalışmada, eksenel yük altındaki çelik lifli/fiberli ve lifsiz/fibersiz etriyeli betonarme kolonların davranışı, hem deneysel hem de analitik olarak incelenmiştir. Deneysel bölümde 18 adet dikdörtgen kesitli etriyeli betonarme kolon eksenel yük altında test edilmiştir. Deney numunelerinin taşıma güçleri ile eksenel yük-boyuna birim kısalma ilişkisi elde edilmiştir. Analitik çalışmada ise, malzeme için geliştirilmiş olan matematiksel modellerden Saatcioğlu ve Ravzi, Sheikh ve Üzümeri ile Geliştirilmiş Kent ve Park Modelleri ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmış, hesap esasları verilmiştir. Ayrıca, söz konusu bu matematiksel modeller kullanılarak deney numunelerinin analitik çözümü yapılmıştır. Elde edilen deneysel ve analitik sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak irdelenmiştir. In this study, the behaviour of axially loaded columns with and without steel fibers was investigated experimentally and analytically. In the experimental part, 18 rectangular reinforced concrete columns were tested under the axial load. Load carrying capacity and axial load-strain relationships of the specimens were obtained. In the analytical part, mathematical models (Saatcioglu and Ravzi, Sheikh and Uzumeri, Modified Kent and Park) which were derived for axially loaded column were investigated. In addition, the analytical solution which uses these mathematical models was carried out. Experimental and analytical results were compared and obtained results were discussed
Sliding Wear Behavior of Al2O3-TiO2 Coatings Fabricated by the Suspension Plasma Spraying Technique
[EN] The friction and dry sliding wear behavior of alumina and alumina-titania near-nanometric coatings were examined. Coatings were obtained by the suspension plasma spraying technique. Dry sliding wear tests were performed on a ball-on-disk tribometer, with an Al2O3 ball as counterpart material, a normal load of 2 N, a sliding distance of 1200 m and a sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. The effect of including TiO2 in the fabricated coatings on friction coefficient behavior, wear rates and wear damage patterns was determined. The addition of TiO2 to the coatings was found to greatly increase wear resistance by, for example, 2.6-fold for 40 wt% of TiO2. The analysis of the wear surface was correlated with microstructural parameters, mechanical properties and wear rates.The authors wish to thank for the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MAT2012-38364-C03) and the Autonomous Government of Valencia for funding for the stay in SPCTS-UMR CNRS (France), and the French FCENANOSURF consortium funded by the French Ministry and Industry and local governments of Region Centre and Region Limousin.Klyatskina, E.; Espinosa Fernández, L.; Darut, G.; Segovia López, EF.; Salvador Moya, MD.; Montavon, G.; Agorges, H. (2015). Sliding Wear Behavior of Al2O3-TiO2 Coatings Fabricated by the Suspension Plasma Spraying Technique. Tribology Letters. 59(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-015-0530-5S19591Pawlowski, L.: The Science and Engineering of Thermal Spray Coatings. Wiley: Hoboken (2008)Lampe, Th, Eisenberg, S., Cabeo, E.R.: Plasma surface engineering in the automotive industry—trends and future prospective. Surf. Coat. Technol. 174–175, 1–7 (2003)Wang, Y., Jiang, S., Wang, M., Wang, S., Xiao, T.D., Strutt, P.R.: Abrasive wear characteristics of plasma sprayed nanostructured alumina/titania coatings. Wear 237, 176–185 (2000)Kabacoff, L.T.: Nanoceramic coatings exhibit much higher toughness and wear resistance than conventional coatings. AMPITAC Newslett. 6(1), 37–42 (2002)Wang, M., Shaw, L.L.: Effects of the powder manufacturing method on microstructure and wear performance of plasma sprayed alumina–titania coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 202, 34–44 (2007)Shaw, L.L., Goberman, D., Ren, R., Gell, M., Jing, S., Wang, Y., Xiao, T.D., Strutt, P.R.: The dependency of microstructure and properties of nanostructured coatings on plasma spray conditions. Surf. Coat. Technol. 130, 1–8 (2000)Dahotre, N.B., Nayak, S.: Nanocoatings for engine application. Surf. Coat. Technol. 194(1), 58–67 (2005)Sathish, S., Geetha, M., Aruna, S.T., Balaji, N., Rajam, K.S., Asokamani, R.: Sliding wear behavior of plasma sprayed nanoceramic coatings for biomedical applications. Wear 271, 934–941 (2011)Pawlowski, L.: Finely grained nanometric and submicrometric coatings by thermal sparing: a review. Surf. Coat. Technol. 202, 4318–4328 (2008)Xiao, D., Wang, Y., Strutt, P.: Fabrication and evaluation of plasma sprayed nanostructured alumina–titania coatings with superior properties. Mater. Sci. Eng. 301, 80–89 (2001)Tjong, S.C., Chen, H.: Nanocrystalline materials and coatings. Mater. Sci. Eng. 45, 1–88 (2004)Fauchais, P., Montavon, G., Bertrand, G.: From powders to thermally sprayed coatings. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 19, 56–80 (2010)Lima, R.S., Marple, B.R.: Thermal spray coatings engineered from nanostructured ceramic agglomerated powders for structural, thermal barrier and biomedical applications: a review. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 16, 40–63 (2007)Fauchais, P., Etchart-Salas, R., Delbos, C., Tognonvi, M., Rat, V., Coudert, J.F., Chartier, T.: Suspension and solution plasma spraying of finely structured layers: potential application to SOFCs. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 40, 2394–2406 (2007)Ramachandran, K., Selvajaran, V., Ananthapadmanabhan, P.V., Sreekumar, K.P.: Microstructure, adhesion, micro hardness, abrasive wear resistance and electrical resistivity of the plasma sprayed alumina and alumina–titania coatings. Thin Solid Films 315, 144–152 (1998)Lee, S.W., Morillo, C., Lira-Olivares, J., Kim, S.H., Sekino, T., Niihara, K., Hockey, B.J.: Tribological and microstructural analysis of Al2O3/13TiO2 nanocomposites to use in femoral head of hip replacement. Wear 225, 1040–1044 (2003)Dejang, N., Watcharapasorn, A., Wirojupatump, S., Niranatlumpong, P., Jiansirisomboon, S.: Fabrication and properties of plasma-sprayed Al2O3/TiO2 composite coatings: a role of nano-sized TiO2 addition. Surf. Coat. Technol. 204, 1651–1657 (2010)Yimaz, S.: An evaluation of plasma sprayed coatings based on Al2O3 and Al2O3–13wt% TiO2 with bond coat on pure titanium substrate. Ceram. Int. 35, 2017–2022 (2009)Fervel, V., Normand, B., Coddet, C.: Tribological behavior of plasma sprayed Al2O3-based cermet coatings. Wear 230(1), 70–77 (1999)Vargas, F., Ageorges, H., Fauchais, P., López, M.E.: Mechanical and a tribological performance of Al2O3 coatings elaborated by flame and plasma spraying. Surf. Coat. Technol. 205, 1132–1136 (2010)Bacciochini, A., Ilavsky, J., Montavon, G., Denoirjean, A., Ben-ettouil, F., Valette, S., Fauchais, P., Wittmann-teneze, K.: Quantification of void network architectures of suspension plasma-sprayed (SPS) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings using ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS). Mater. Sci. Eng. 528, 91–102 (2010)ASTM International: ASTM G99-03: Standard test method for wear testing with a pin-on-disc apparatus. ASTM annual book of standards. ASTM International: West Conshohocken (2003)Lancaster, K.: The influence of substrate hardness on the formation and endurance of molybdenum disulphide films. Wear 10, 103–107 (1967)Fauchais, P., Rat, V., Delbos, C., Fazilleau, J., Coudert, J.F., Chartier, T., Bianchi, L.: Understanding of suspension plasma spraying of finely structured coatings for SOFC. IEEE Plasma Sci. 33(2), 920–930 (2005)Bannier, E., Vicent, M., Rayón, E., Benavente, R., Salvador, M.D., Sánchez, E.: Effect of TiO2 addition on the microstructure and nanomechanical properties of Al2O3 suspension plasma sprayed coatings. Appl. Surf. Sci. 316, 141–146 (2014)Darut, G., Klyatskina, E., Valette, S., Carles, P., Denoirjean, A., Montavon, G., Ageorges, H., Segovia, F., Salvador, M.D.: Architecture and phases composition of suspension plasma sprayed alumina–titania sub-micrometer-sized coatings. Mater. Lett. 67, 241–244 (2012)Fauchais, P., Montavon, G.: Latest developments in suspension and liquid precursor thermal spraying. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 19(1–2), 226–239 (2010)Darut, G., Ben-Ettouli, F., Denoirjean, A., Montavon, G., Ageourges, H., Fauchais, P.: Dry sliding behavior of sub-micrometer-sized suspension plasma sprayed ceramic oxide coatings. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 19, 275–285 (2010)Tingaud, O., Bacciochini, A., Montavon, G., Denoirjean, A., Fauchais, P.: Suspension DC plasma spraying of thick finely-structured ceramic coatings: process manufacturing mechanisms. Surf. Coat. Technol. 203, 2157–2161 (2009)Guesama, S., Bounazef, M., Nardin, P., Sahraoui, T.: Wear behavior of alumina–titania coatings: analysis of process and parameters. Ceram. Int. 32, 13–19 (2006)Espinosa-Fernández, L., Borrell, A., Salvador, M.D., Gutierrez-Gonzalez, C.F.: Sliding wear behavior of WC–Co–Cr3C2–VC composites fabricated by conventional and non-conventional techniques. Wear 307, 60–67 (2013)Zhang, J., Moslehy, F.A., Rice, S.L.: A model for friction in quasi-steady-state. Part I. Derivation. Wear 149, 1–12 (1991)Zhang, J., Moslehy, F.A., Rice, S.L.: A model for friction in quasi-steady-state sliding Part II. Numerical results and discussion. Wear 149, 13–25 (1991)Bolelli, G., Cannilo, V., Lusvarghi, L., Manfredini, T.: Wear behaviour of thermally sprayed ceramic oxide coatings. Wear 261, 1298–1315 (2006)Normand, B., Fervel, V., Coddet, C., Nikitine, V.: Tribological properties of plasma sprayed alumina–titania coatings: next term role and control of the microstructure. Surf. Coat. Technol. 123, 278–287 (2000)Hutchings, I.: Tribology: friction and wear of engineering materials. Mater. Des. 13, 187 (1992)Ahn, J., Hwang, B., Song, E.P., Lee, S., Kim, N.J.: Correlation of microstructure and wear resistance of Al2O3–TiO2 coatings plasma sprayed with nanopowders. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 37, 1851–1860 (2006)Erickson, L.C., Hawthorne, H.M., Troczynski, T.: Correlations between microstructural parameters, micromechanical properties and wear resistance of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings. Wear 250, 569–575 (2001)Song, E.P., Ahn, J., Lee, S., Kim, N.J.: Microstructure and wear resistance of nanostructured Al2O3–8 wt%TiO2 coatings plasma-sprayed with nanopowders. Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 1309–1315 (2006)Tucker Jr., R.C.: ASM Handbook Volume 5A: Thermal Spray Technology. ASM International, Materials Park (2013)Stachowiack, G.W., Batchelor, A.: Engineering Tribology Handbook. Elsevier-Butterworth-Heineman: Oxford (2005)Fischer, T.E., Zhu, Z., Kim, H., Shin, D.S.: Genesis and role of wear debris in sliding wear of ceramics. Wear 245, 53–60 (2000)Lima, R.S., Moureau, C., Marple, B.R.: HVOF-sprayed coatings engineered from mixtures of nanostructured and submicron Al2O3–TiO2 powders: an enhanced wear performance. J. Therm. Spray Technol. 16, 866 (2007
Spin-1/2 and spin-1 Ising model with crystal field on a bilayer Bethe lattice
We consider a system consisting of two layers of Bethe lattices each with a branching ratio of q Ising spins. The layer with spin-1/2 atoms interacting with the nearest-neighbor (NN) bilinear interaction J(1) is laid over the top of the other with spin-1 atoms interacting with the bilinear NN interaction J(2) and the crystal field interaction Delta, and the two layers are tied together via the bilinear interaction between the vertically aligned adjacent NN spins denoted as J(3). The exact recursion relations in a pairwise approach was employed for the solution of the problem on the bilayer Bethe lattice and the emphasis was especially given to the crystal field effects in obtaining the phase diagrams of the model. After studying the ground state (GS) phase diagrams and the thermal behaviors of the order-parameters, the temperature dependent phase diagrams of the model are obtained by considering only the ferromagnetic ordering of the layers, i.e. J(1) > 0 and J(2) > 0, and the ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic ordering of the adjacent spins of the layers, J(3) > 0 or J(3) < 0, respectively. Besides the second- and first-order phase transitions, the model also presents compensation temperatures for appropriate values of the system parameters. The paramagnetic phase is divided into two phases by studying the thermal behaviors of the quadrupolar moment for the lower layer containing only spin-1 atoms. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Contamination
Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the role of microbial exudates, e.g., exopolymeric substance (EPS) and alginic acid, on microbial Cr(VI) reduction by two different Pseudomonas strains (P. putida P18 and P. aeuroginosa P16) as a method for treating subsurface environment contaminated with Cr(VI). Our results indicate that microbial exudates significantly enhanced microbial Cr(VI) reduction rates by forming less toxic and highly soluble organo-Cr(III) complexes despite the fact Cr(III) has a very low solubility under the experimental conditions studied (e.g., pH 7). The formation of soluble organo-Cr(III) complexes led to the protection of the cells and chromate reductases from inactivation. In systems with no organic ligands, soluble organo-Cr(III) end products were formed between Cr(III) and the EPS directly released by bacteria due to cell lysis. Our results also provide evidence that cell lysis played an important role in microbial Cr(VI) reduction by Pseudomonas bacteria due to the release of constitutive reductases that intracellularly and/or extracellularly catalyzed the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The overall results highlight the need for incorporation of the release and formation of organo-Cr(Ill) complexes into reactive transport models to more accurately design and monitor in situ microbial remediation techniques for the treatment of subsurface systems contaminated with Cr(VI)
Elektrokoagülasyon Prosesi ile Fıstık Sanayi A tıksularının Arıtılmasında Başlangıç Atıksu pH’sının Etkisi
Bazik Kırmızı 18 (BK 18) Katyonik Boyar Maddesinin Montmorillonit Yüzeyinde Adsorpsiyonu: Başlangıç Konsantrasyon ve pH Etkisi
Comparison of in-111 octreotide scintigraphy with tc-99m hynic-toc/tate scintigraphy in the same patient group for diagnosis of somatostatin receptor expressing tumors
Magnetic resonance imaging in osteomalacic insufficiency fractures of the pelvis
AIMS: To report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of osteomalacic insufficiency fractures of the pelvis