Low Power Processor Architectures and Contemporary Techniques for Power Optimization – A Review

The technological evolution has increased the number of transistors for a given die area significantly and increased the switching speed from few MHz to GHz range. Such inversely proportional decline in size and boost in performance consequently demands shrinking of supply voltage and effective power dissipation in chips with millions of transistors. This has triggered substantial amount of research in power reduction techniques into almost every aspect of the chip and particularly the processor cores contained in the chip. This paper presents an overview of techniques for achieving the power efficiency mainly at the processor core level but also visits related domains such as buses and memories. There are various processor parameters and features such as supply voltage, clock frequency, cache and pipelining which can be optimized to reduce the power consumption of the processor. This paper discusses various ways in which these parameters can be optimized. Also, emerging power efficient processor architectures are overviewed and research activities are discussed which should help reader identify how these factors in a processor contribute to power consumption. Some of these concepts have been already established whereas others are still active research areas. © 2009 ACADEMY PUBLISHER

On Arabic abstract and concrete words recall using cued recall paradigms: is it abstractness, concreteness, or zero effect?

The purpose of the study is to see whether abstract or concrete words are better recalled in cued recall type and to measure forward and backward displayed factors in cued recall. 9 undergraduates in King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, participated in this study where they were trained to differentiate between abstract and concrete words. A list of 20 Arabic abstract and concrete words was then given to them to be classified into abstract and concrete words based on four factors: concreteness, imageability, meaningfulness and age of acquisition. An observation sheet was provided to the experiment administrator to document the observed recall effects and recalled words. Three methods were used to facilitate this experiment: auditory, visual and writing methods. The sheets were designed to measure both forward and backward recall factor

Pengukuran Kualitas Jaringan Internet dengan Sinyal 3G Lte pada STMIK Budi Darma Medan dengan Metode Quality Of Service (QoS)

In today\u27s age the internet needs are very important for communicating or looking for information. The longer the development of the internet network is increasingly widespread such as 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G technologies. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a long-term radio evolution access network issued by the 3rd (Generation Partnership Project). To improve internet network services at STMIK Budidarma, testing and measurement are carried out using the Quality Of Service (QoS) method to determine the quality and power of data transfer. The Quality Of Service (QoS) method found on a TCP / IP network is one that focuses on allocating bandwidth within the internet network that flows fairly and as needed. The QoS method that relies on testing the process of delay time, latency time, packet request time and creating a network topology to reduce the risk that arises

Identification of Anemonefishes (Amphiprioninae) and Their Simbiont in Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi

The study was conducted in June 2009 around the waters of Samalona, Barranglompo, Koedingareng Keke, Badi, Langkai and Kapoposang islands, representing four zones of Spermonde Archipelago of South Sulawesi. Seven species of anemonefish from two genera were found living symbiotically with 7 species of sea anemones. Those fishes were Amphiprion clarkii, A. melanopus, A. ocellaris, A. sandaracinos, A. perideraion, A. polymnus and Premnas biaculeatus. Three of these fishes were simbiotically found with one species of anemone (specific symbiont), and one species of fish was symbiotically found with five species of anemones

The Effect of Capacity Building and School Principal’s Leadership towards Teacher’s Performance

Capacity building is part of improving the quality of performance. This research aimed at determining the effect of capacity building and leadership of school principals on teachers’ performance in Primary School of Pulau Rimau. The population and sample in this study were teachers who taught at Primary School of Pulau Rimau, sampling was conducted using purposive sampling techniques. The results obtained there is positive and significant effect of capacity building on the performance of teachers; there is positive and significant influence of school leadership on the performance of teachers; and there is positive and significant influence of capacity building and leadership of school principals on the performance of teachers

Decision-Making Process in Female Genital Mutilation: A Systematic Review

Female genital mutilation/cutting “FGM/C” is a deep-rooted damaging practice. Despite the growing efforts to end this practice, the current trends of its decline are not enough to overcome the population’s underlying growth. The aim of this research is to investigate the FGM/C household decision-making process and identify the main household decision-makers. A review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted by searching PubMed, JSTOR, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, EBSCO, and CINAHL Plus via systematic search using keywords. The found publications were screen using inclusion and exclusion criteria in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After critical appraisal, seventeen articles were included in this review. The data extracted from the articles regarding FGM/C household-decision making process and decision-makers were analyzed using narrative analysis. FGM/C decision-making process varies from a region to another; however, it generally involves more than one individual, and each one has different power over the decision. Fathers, mothers, and grandmothers are the main decision-makers. It was shown from this review that opening the dialogue regarding FGM/C between sexes may lead to a productive decision-making process. The participation of fathers in the decision-making may free the mothers from the social-pressure and responsibility of carrying on traditions and create a more favorable environment to stop FGM/C practice

Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Siswa dan Motivasi dalam Pembelajaran Kelompok (Cooperative Learning) dan Kaitannya dengan Hasil Belajar Akuntansi di Smklabor Binaan Fkip Unri Pekanbaru

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level ofstudent satisfaction and motivation in learning groups (cooperative learning) andlearning outcomes in relation to the accounting subjects. The method in thisresearch is quantitative.The population of this research is the students of class XIand XII Accounting Department of SMK Labor Binaan FKIP Riau University. Dataobtained by observing the teacher in class and distributing questionnaires to therespondents. Data were analyzed by using multiple correlation while the instrumentwas tested by using validity. Results from these studies showed that: (1) There aredifferences in the level of satisfaction of students in study groups on special classesand regular classes at SMK Labor Binaan FKIPRiau University. (2) There aredifferences in student motivation in learning groups at special classes and regularclasses at SMK Labor Binaan FKIP Riau University.(3) There is a significantrelationship between the level of student satisfaction with the learning outcomes ofthe accounting subjects in SMK Labor Binaan FKIP Riau University. (4) There is asignificant relationship between motivation and learning outcomes of the accountingsubjects in SMK Labor Binaan FKIP Riau University. (5) There are differences in thelevel of student satisfaction and motivation in relation to group learning and learningoutcomes of the accounting subjects in SMK Labor Binaan FKIP Riau University.From the above results, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationshipbetween the level of student satisfaction and motivation in learning groups(cooperative learning) in accounting subjects in SMK Labor Binaan FKIP RiauUniversity