A putative probiotic isolated from hatchery reared juvenile Penaeus monodon

Probiotic is considered as a remedy to solve disease problem in shrimp aquaculture. Shrimp body and environment bacterial flora are recommended as reliable source for extracting of beneficial bacteria. Therefore, 5000 pieces of post larvae of Penaeus monodon were distributed equally in 4 tanks in probiotic and antibiotic free condition up to juvenile. Then microbiological samples from digestive system, muscles, body surface, rearing water and tank sediment were inoculated onto the selective media plates. Incident of total bacteria, Vibrio, Pseudomonas and Entrobacteriaceae were evaluated in different body parts and rearing environment of shrimp. The highest bacteria count for total bacteria, Vibrio, Pseudomonas was occurred in sediment followed by digestive system. No Entrobacteriaceae was observed from all samples. Isolated bacteria were identified and placed in 7 genera consisted of Vibrio, Shewanella, Burkholderia, Clavibacter, Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, while one genus remained unidentified. Genus Shewanella exhibited highest frequent bacteria in digestive system of P. monodon which may be indicated its ability to colonization in digestive system. Shewanella algae was selected from whole isolated bacteria as candidate probiotic via well plate diffusion technique and cross streak antagonistic test against Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. It was able to digest lipid and protein in tributyrin agar and skim milk agar

Explanation the experiences of mothers with gestational diabetes about the factors affecting self-care: A qualitative study

Background and aims: Diabetes is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. This disease is a growing health problem in the world. Self-care is the most important factor in the control of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Several factors include biological factors, psychological, economic, social, cultural and health care system. Community Treatment is effective directly and indirectly on self-care behaviors in patients with diabetes.The aim of this study was to assess mothers, experiences with gestational diabetes on the factors influencing self-care. Methods: This study is a qualitative conventional content analysis research. In this study, data were collected by semi-structured individual interviews. Interviews were performed based on interview guidance. Participants were pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes in 24th-36th week of pregnancy who referred to the clinics affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. After 12 interviews with participants, data were saturated. Conventional content analysis was done for data analysis. To assess the accuracy and reliability of data, four criteria provided by Lincoln and Guba, including dependability, credibility, confirmability and transferability were used. For the analysis of qualitative data in this study, the conventional qualitative content analysis methods and software MAXQDA 10 was used. Results: Perception of pregnant women led to the extraction of two themes: barriers and facilitators to self-care. The former was featured with four main categories: insolvency, perceived problems, admission disease and support from others. 13 sub- categories were also classified in the main form. Results showed that mothers for self- care actions, need to get further information via health-care provider and get more support from their relatives. It was also found barriers and facilitators to take care of mothers in most societies is almost the same. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is needed to do appropriate proceedings to promoting culture, providing appropriate information and higher quality services, and promoting healthlevel and self-care of mothers with gestational diabetes

Evaluation of in vitro Vibrio static activity of Shewanella algae isolated from healthy Penaeus monodon

To conquer disease problem in shrimp industries, probiotic biocontrol is a well known remedy now. The antagonistic ability of separated isolates from different parts of juvenile Penaeus monodon werescreened against shrimp Vibrio pathogens; Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. The most antagonistic effect was observed for an isolate that was primarily identified as Shewanella algae usingconventional methods followed by Biolog microlog software. Since production of antagonistic agents rely on cultural conditions, antagonistic ability of candidate probioic against the mentioned Vibrios was assessed using Response Surface Methodology, with central composite design in which four independents variables were assumed: temperature (10 - 50°C), pH (6 -10), NaCl concentration (0 - 50%)and time (12 – 60 h). The coefficients of multiple determinations (R2), for the responses of antagonistic effect of S. algae against V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus values were 0.807 and 0.805,respectively. Concentration of the NaCl exhibited least influence on the antibacterial effect of candidate probiotic while the other independent variables exhibited different degree of affect. The candidateprobiotic revealed a reasonable antibacterial response in quite a wide range of temperature and pH in which the maximum levels were in the same range of optimum shrimp culture

Determinants of medication adherence among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes: An application of health action process approach

Diabetes; Diet; Health profession; Health sciences; Health promotion; Insulin; Determinants, Medication adherence, Type 2 diabetes, Health action process approach, Iran © 2020 To identify determinants of medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes based on the health action process approach. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 734 patients with type 2 diabetes attending to south Tehran health centers during June to December 2018. Data were gathered using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8-Item) and the health action process approach questionnaire. We used Mann-Whitney, Pearson Chi-Squared, Fisher's Exact and Independent Samples Tests for comparison of adherence medication by demographic characteristics; and linear regression analysis to predict factors related to medication adherence based on HAPA. P-value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. A total of 232 men and 502 women participated in the study, Mean age was 61.61 ± 9.74. Most participants (82.3) reported low medication adherence (females: 68.4). Medication adherence was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.03). Medication adherence was significantly predicted by intention (β = 0.172, p = 0.0001), task self-efficacy (β = 0.172, p = 0.01), copping planning (β = 0.6, p = 0.0001) and copping self-efficacy (β = -0.244, p = 0.001). The level of adherence to medications among type 2 diabetes patients was low. The behavior intention, task self-efficacy, copping planning and copping self-efficacy were significant determinants contributed to the medication adherence. HAPA inventory includes various factors, especially types of self-efficacy. Thus, utilization of this comprehensive model in interventional studies is suggested. These determinants should be considered in developing interventional programs to improve adherence. © 202

Nutrition labels� strengths & weaknesses and strategies for improving their use in Iran: A qualitative study

Background This study aimed to explain the strengths and weaknesses of the Traffic light label (TLL) and nutrition facts label (NFL) and the strategies for improving their use in Iran, based on the perspectives of different stakeholders, including mothers, food quality control experts (FQC), nutritionists and food industry experts. Methods We conducted 10 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 63 mothers, 10 semi-structured interviews with FQCs, 1 FGD with 6 nutritionists and 1 FGD with 8 food industry experts. To clarify some of the questions that arose from the interviews, the researcher interviewed three policy makers who had sufficient information about the TLL. The discussions and interviews were transcribed verbatim and MAXQDA10 software was used for coding. Results The most important findings of this study based on different stakeholders� perspectives were as follows: mothers believed that nutrition labels reduced the consumption of high-calorie products, although they found the TLL to be easier to understand than the NFL because of its red color. However, their weaknesses were their incompatibility with culture and the lack of trust in the information provided by manufacturers. FQCs pointed out the possibility of changing formulations and the appropriateness of the traffic light for patients, but like mothers, they believed that the labels did not suit the governing culture. Further weaknesses were, misleading the consumer, problems in the colorings reported by different laboratories, and different approaches adopted by regulatory experts. The simplicity of understanding TLL for the general public has been suggested by some nutritionists. Nevertheless, the multiplicity of colors of the TLL was the most important weakness presented by nutritionists and food industry experts and the failure to implement nutrition labels was another issue raised by experts. To improve the use of nutrition labels, notification via media especially television, community education and culture building were suggested by all stakeholders. Conclusions The findings of this study underscore the importance of implementing the policy of nutrition labeling in Iran. Mothers and nutritionists believed TLL to be more appropriate for the public to understand, however, FQCs and food industry experts believed that NFL was more suitable in guiding consumers toward healthy food choices. Education and information dissemination via media on interpretive TLL may affect consumer behavior toward food purchases. © 2020 Seyedhamzeh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

Sexual Function and Sexual Behavior in Women with Breast Cancer Having Sexual Distress, Zanjan, Iran

Background: Sexual relationships of women with breast cancer are affected by diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess sexual function and sexual behavior in women with breast cancer having sexual distress in Zanjan in 2015-2016. Methods: This cross sectional study was part of a larger study, which was performed on 75 women with breast cancer in the oncology clinic of Valiasr hospital and Mehraneh charity clinic. Sampling was based on a purposeful approach. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSFI), and indigenous sexual behavior questionnaire in women of reproductive age (SBQ). Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared and Spearman-Pearson tests. Results: A majority of the women (77.3%) had an undesirable sexual function and orgasm dysfunction (65.3%). Besides, it was found that the majority of women had low to moderate sexual behavior. The correlational analyses related to sexual function and sexual behavior and their sub-scales showed that there was only a significant positive relationship between the sexual capacity subscale and the total sexual function scale (P<0.005). Conclusion: Women with breast cancer had sexual dysfunction and behavior. Designing and implementing related counseling programs may help to reduce sexual distress, improve sexual function and marital satisfaction, and enhance the quality of life of affected women

A Nonluminescent and Highly Virulent Vibrio harveyi Strain Is Associated with “Bacterial White Tail Disease” of Litopenaeus vannamei Shrimp

Recurrent outbreaks of a disease in pond-cultured juvenile and subadult Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp in several districts in China remain an important problem in recent years. The disease was characterized by “white tail” and generally accompanied by mass mortalities. Based on data from the microscopical analyses, PCR detection and 16S rRNA sequencing, a new Vibrio harveyi strain (designated as strain HLB0905) was identified as the etiologic pathogen. The bacterial isolation and challenge tests demonstrated that the HLB0905 strain was nonluminescent but highly virulent. It could cause mass mortality in affected shrimp during a short time period with a low dose of infection. Meanwhile, the histopathological and electron microscopical analysis both showed that the HLB0905 strain could cause severe fiber cell damages and striated muscle necrosis by accumulating in the tail muscle of L. vannamei shrimp, which led the affected shrimp to exhibit white or opaque lesions in the tail. The typical sign was closely similar to that caused by infectious myonecrosis (IMN), white tail disease (WTD) or penaeid white tail disease (PWTD). To differentiate from such diseases as with a sign of “white tail” but of non-bacterial origin, the present disease was named as “bacterial white tail disease (BWTD)”. Present study revealed that, just like IMN and WTD, BWTD could also cause mass mortalities in pond-cultured shrimp. These results suggested that some bacterial strains are changing themselves from secondary to primary pathogens by enhancing their virulence in current shrimp aquaculture system

Qualitative Evidence Synthesis (QES) for Guidelines: Paper 3 – Using qualitative evidence syntheses to develop implementation considerations and inform implementation processes

Background: This is the third in a series of three papers describing the use of qualitative evidence syntheses (QES) to inform the development of clinical and health systems guidelines. WHO has recognised the need to improve its guideline methodology to ensure that decision-making processes are transparent and evidence based, and that the resulting recommendations are relevant and applicable to end users. In addition to the standard data on effectiveness, WHO guidelines increasingly use evidence derived from QES to provide information on acceptability and feasibility and to develop important implementation considerations. Methods: WHO convened a group drawn from the technical teams involved in formulating recent (2010–2018) guidelines employing QES. Using a pragmatic and iterative approach that included feedback from WHO staff and other stakeholders, the group reflected on, discussed and identified key methods and research implications from designing QES and using the resulting findings in guideline development. As members of WHO guideline technical teams, our aim in this paper is to explore how we have used findings from QES to develop implementation considerations for these guidelines. Results: For each guideline, in addition to using systematic reviews of effectiveness, the technical teams used QES to gather evidence of the acceptability and feasibility of interventions and, in some cases, equity issues and the value people place on different outcomes. This evidence was synthesised using standardised processes. The teams then used the QES to identify implementation considerations combined with other sources of information and input from experts. Conclusions: QES were useful sources of information for implementation considerations. However, several issues for further development remain, including whether researchers should use existing health systems frameworks when developing implementation considerations; whether researchers should take confidence in the evidence into account when developing implementation considerations; whether qualitative evidence that reveals implementation challenges should lead guideline panels to make conditional recommendations or only point to implementation considerations; and whether guideline users find it helpful to have challenges pointed out to them or whether they also need solutions. Finally, we need to explore how QES findings can be incorporated into derivative products to aid implementation

Healthcare providers’ perspectives of disrespect and abuse in maternity care facilities in Nigeria: a qualitative study

Objectives To explore healthcare providers’ perspectives of disrespect and abuse in maternity care and the impact on women’s health and well-being. Methods Qualitative interpretive approach using in-depth semi-structured interviews with sixteen healthcare providers in two public health facilities in Nigeria. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. Results Healthcare providers’ accounts revealed awareness of what respectful maternity care encompassed in accordance with the existing guidelines. They considered disrespectful and abusive practices perpetrated or witnessed as violation of human rights, while highlighting women’s expectations of care as the basis for subjectivity of experiences. They perceived some practices as well-intended to ensure safety of mother and baby. Views reflected underlying gender-related notions and societal perceptions of women being considered weaker than men. There was recognition about adverse effects of disrespect and abuse including its impact on women, babies, and providers’ job satisfaction. Conclusions Healthcare providers need training on how to incorporate elements of respectful maternity care into practice including skills for rapport building and counselling. Women and family members should be educated about right to respectful care empowering them to report disrespectful practices

Effect of Bacillus subtilis on the growth and survival rate of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The effect ofBacillus subtilis, isolated from digestive tract of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated on growth and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei during 60 days of culture. Sixteen aquaria with four replicates were used for treatments and controls. Treatment groups were consisted of  Bacillus subtilis, isolated from digestive tract of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated on growth and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei during 60 days of culture. Sixteen aquaria with four replicates were used for treatments and controls. Treatment groups were consisted of Bacillus subtilis, isolated from digestive tract of Macrobrachium rosenbergii was investigated on growth and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei during 60 days of culture. Sixteen aquaria with four replicates were used for treatments and controls. Treatment groups were consisted of ) shrimp fed diet with B. subtilis (T1), and ii) shrimp fed diet mixed with B. subtilis and commercial probiotic (T2). Control groups were consisted of ) shrimp fed diet with commercial probiotic as positive control, and ii) shrimp fed unaltered diet as negative control. Results showed that B. subtilis was proliferated in digestive tract of treated shrimps, and the number of Vibrio spp. was reduced in digestive tract during the cultural period. Survival rate, 75.5± 4.62 %, and yields of shrimps, 190.00 ±13.13 g, treated with B. subtilis were significantly greater (