Router Power Consumption Analysis: Towards Green Communications

2nd International Conference on Green Communications and Networking, GreeNets 2012; Gandia; Spain; 25 October 2012 through 26 October 2012In recent years, the number of network devices which are being used in new network infrastructure and intelligent buildings, are growing more and more. Because these devices can often have high processing activity, we must consider their power consumption. Their energy requirements may vary depending on their operation mode, their processing capacity and even the type of devices to which are connected. The ability to determine exact consumption of network can provide an optimal network design and the other auxiliary systems, such as cool system, which may be necessary for the proper operation of the network. In this paper we determine the power consumption generated by network devices of different manufacturers and models. These tests allow us to see the energy consumed when they are in await mode and when they are working, running a routing protocol in order to interconnect different networks, promoting the development of the sustainable Green Networks.Andrade Morelli, S.; Ruiz Sanchez, E.; Sendra, S.; Lloret, J. (2013). Router Power Consumption Analysis: Towards Green Communications. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. 113:28-37. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37977-2_3S2837113Balasubramanian, N., Balasubramanian, A., Venkataraman, A.: Energy Consumption in Mobile Phones: A Measurement Study and Implications for Network Applications. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Conference on Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2009, Chicago, IL, USA, November 4-6 (2009)Bianco, C., Cucchietti, F., Griffa, G.: Energy consumption trends in the next generation access network - a telco perspective. In: 29th International Telecommunications Energy Conference, INTELEC 2007, Rome, Italy, September 30-October 4 (2007)Datasheet of Router Cisco184, Available at Cisco web site: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/routers/ps5853/ps5875/product_data_sheet0900aecd806c4e2a.pdfDatasheet of Router Allied AR410, Available at Alied telesync web site: http://www.alliedtelesis.com/media/fount/datasheet/AR410Series_Datasheet_RevQ.pdfFisher, W., Suchara, M., Rexford, J.: Greening Backbone Networks: Reducing Energy Consumption by Shutting Off Cables in Bundled Links. In: Proceedings of the First ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Green Networking, New Delhi, India, August 30 (2010)González, N., Moran, L., Angioleti, J.M., Varela, J.A.: Green IT, ch. 4. Green Telecom Networks. eKISS nº82. Internal publication of Telefónica (2009)Mohsin, A.H., Bakar, K.A., Adekiigbe, A., Ghafoor, K.Z.: A Survey of Energy-aware Routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks: Trends and Challenges. Network Protocols and Algorithms 4(2), 82–107 (2012)Duan, Q.: Performance Evaluation on Traffic Control in Combined Input and Cross-point Queuing Switches. Network Protocols and Algorithms 3(4), 18–31 (2011)Sendra, S., Fernández, P.A., Quilez, M.A., Lloret, J.: Study and Performance of Interior Gateway IP routing Protocols. Network Protocols and Algorithms 2(4), 88–117 (2010)Sendra, S., Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Toledo, J.F.: Power saving and energy optimization techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks. J. Commun. Acad. Publ. 6, 439–459 (2011)Cisco Report. Server power calculator analysis: Cisco UCS power calculator and HP power advisor (2011)Kakemizu, M., Chugo, A.: Approaches to Green Networks. Fujitsu Scientific and Technical Journal 45(4), 398–403 (2009)Bianzino, A.P., Chaudet, C., Rossi, D., Rougier, J.-L.: A Survey of Green Networking Research. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 14(1), 3–20 (2012)Stevens, W.R.: TCP/IP Illustrated. The Protocols (Addison-Wesley Professional Computing Series), vol. 1 (1994

Perancangan Interior Fine Dining Restaurant melalui Pendekatan Healthy Lifestyle

Gaya hidup sehat adalah gaya hidup yang ideal bagi manusia. Tidak hanya menghargai pentingnya menjaga kesehatantubuh untuk kehidupan sehari-hari, namun juga menghargai produk-produk yang dihasilkan langsung dari alam, karenagaya hidup sehat merupakan cara hidup manusia untuk mencegah ketidaknyamanan pada tubuh dengan menjaga asupangizi dan aktivitas. Junk food adalah jenis makanan yang kontras dengan prinsip gaya hidup sehat, namun sudah menjadigaya hidup baru, karena manusia dituntut menyelesaikan segalanya dengan lebih cepat. Tidak adanya nutrisi baik dalamjunk food menyebabkan makanan tersebut menjadi salah satu penyebab turunnya daya tahan tubuh. Edukasi kembaliakan pentingnya menjaga gaya hidup sehat adalah dengan mengkonsumsi makanan sehat. Dalam perancangan ini akandilakukan edukasi mengenai makanan sehat dengan sarana fine dining restaurant di Menteng, Jakarta Pusat.// /

Representations and geometrical properties of generalized inverses over fields

In this paper, as a generalization of Urquhart’s formulas, we present a full description of the sets of inner inverses and (B, C)-inverses over an arbitrary field. In addition, identifying the matrix vector space with an affine space, we analyze geometrical properties of the main generalized inverse sets. We prove that the set of inner inverses, and the set of (B, C)-inverses, form affine subspaces and we study their dimensions. Furthermore, under some hypotheses, we prove that the set of outer inverses is not an affine subspace but it is an affine algebraic variety. We also provide lower and upper bounds for the dimension of the outer inverse set.Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónUniversidad de Alcal

Total Degree Formula for the Generic Offset to a Parametric Surface

We provide a resultant-based formula for the total degree w.r.t. the spatial variables of the generic offset to a parametric surface. The parametrization of the surface is not assumed to be proper.Comment: Preprint of an article to be published at the International Journal of Algebra and Computation, World Scientific Publishing, DOI:10.1142/S021819671100680

Computing the Singularities of Rational Surfaces

Given a rational projective parametrization \cP(\ttt,\sss,\vvv) of a rational projective surface \cS we present an algorithm such that, with the exception of a finite set (maybe empty) \cB of projective base points of \cP, decomposes the projective parameter plane as \projdos\setminus \cB=\cup_{k=1}^{\ell} \cSm_k such that if (\ttt_0:\sss_0:\vvv_0)\in \cSm_k then \cP(\ttt_0,\sss_0,\vvv_0) is a point of \cS of multiplicity $k$.Comment: In this new version, we only have changed the thanks. In particular, we have written: This work was developed, and partially supported, under the research project MTM2008-04699-C03-01 "Variedades param\'etricas: algoritmos y aplicaciones", Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\'on, Spain and by "Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional" of the European Unio

Energy Consumption of Wireless Network Access Points

2nd International Conference on Green Communications and Networking, GreeNets 2012; Gandia; Spain; 25 October 2012 through 26 October 2012The development of low cost technology based on IEEE 802.11 standard permits to build telecommunication networks at low cost, allowing providing Internet access in rural areas in developing countries. The lack of access to the electrical grid is a problem when the network is being developed in rural areas, so that wireless access points should operate using solar panels and batteries. Many cases can be found where the energy consumption becomes a key point in wireless network design. In this paper we present a comparative study of the energy consumption of several wireless network access points. We will compare the energy consumption of different brands and models, for several operation scenarios and operating modes. Obtained results allow us to achieve the objective of this article, that is, promote the development of wireless communication networks energetically efficient.Andrade Morelli, S.; Ruiz Sanchez, E.; Granell Romero, E.; Lloret, J. (2013). Energy Consumption of Wireless Network Access Points. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST. 113:81-91. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37977-2_8S8191113Khoa Nguyen, K., Jaumard, B.: Routing Engine Architecture for Next Generation Routers: Evolutional Trends. Network Protocols and Algorithms 1(1), 62–85 (2009)IEEE Std 802.11: IEEE Standard for Information technology -Telecommunications and information exchange between systems -Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, USA, pp.1–1184 (2007)Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Bri, D., Sendra, S.: A Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Rural and Forest Fire Detection and Verification. Sensors 9(11), 8722–8747 (2009)Tapia, A., Maitland, C., Stone, M.: Making IT work for Municipalities: Building municipal wireless networks. Government Information Quarterly 23(3), 359–380 (2006)van Drunen, R., Koolhaas, J., Schuurmans, H., Vijn, M.: Building a Wireless Community Network in the Netherland. In: USENIX 2003 / Freenix Annual Technical Conference Proceedings, San Antonio, Texas, USA, June 9-14, pp. 219–230 (2003)Powell, A., Shade, L.R.: Going Wi-Fi in Canada: Municipal and Community Initiatives. Canadian Research Alliance for Community Innovation and Networking (2005)Sendra, S., Fernández, P.A., Quilez, M.A., Lloret, J.: Study and Performance of Interior Gateway IP routing Protocols. Network Protocols and Algorithms 2(4), 88–117 (2010)Galperin, H.: Wireless Networks and Rural Development: Opportunities for Latin America. Information Technologies and International Development 2(3), 47–56 (2005)Segal, M.: Improving lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Network Protocols and Algorithms 1(2), 48–60 (2009)Momani, A.A.E., Yassein, M.B., Darwish, O., Manaseer, S., Mardini, W.: Intelligent Paging Backoff Algorithm for IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol. Network Protocols and Algorithms 4(2), 108–123 (2012)Mohsin, A.H., Bakar, K.A., Adekiigbe, A., Ghafoor, K.Z.: A Survey of Energy-aware Routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks: Trends and Challenges. Network Protocols and Algorithms 4(2), 82–107 (2012)Feeney, L.M., Nilsson, M.: Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network Interface in an Ad Hoc Networking Environment. In: Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM 2001, Anchorage, Alaska, April 22-26, vol. 3, pp. 1548–1557. IEEE (2001)Barbancho, J., León, C., Molina, F.J., Barbancho, A.: Using artificial intelligence in routing schemes for wireless networks. Computer Communications 30(14-15), 2802–2811 (2007)Tao, C., Yang, Y., Honggang, Z., Haesik, K., Horneman, K.: Network energy saving technologies for green wireless access networks. IEEE Wireless Communications 18(5), 30–38 (2011)Sendra, S., Lloret, J., Garcia, M., Toledo, J.F.: Power saving and energy optimization techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks. Journal of Communications 6(6), 439–459 (2011

Gravitational lensing by a regular black hole

In this paper, we study a regular Bardeen black hole as a gravitational lens. We find the strong deflection limit for the deflection angle, from which we obtain the positions and magnifications of the relativistic images. As an example, we apply the results to the particular case of the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. v2: Improved version, new references adde